Belief Systems and Religion - White Plains Middle School
✓ Belief Systems and Religion
✓ Polytheistic – belief in many gods
✓ Monotheistic – belief in one god
✓ Animism – belief that every living and nonliving thing in nature has a spirit
← Hinduism
← Developed from a collection of religious beliefs over a period of time
← No single founder
← Brahman – the universal unifying spirit. The goal in life is to achieve union with Brahman
← Reincarnation – rebirth of the soul in a new body allows people to continue on their journey toward union with Brahman
← Karma – the good and bad things you do affect your existence in your next life
← Dharma – the moral and religious duties that are expected of an individual. Your dharma is dependent upon your gender, class, age, and occupation
← Caste – social groups into which people are born and out of which they cannot move during a lifetime.
← Hindu Caste System
← Brahmins – priests
← Kshatriyas – warriors
← Vaisyas – farmers, merchants, artisans
← Sudras – servants
← Untouchables – bottom of social system
← Moksha – a state of perfect understanding of all things; liberation from desires and suffering
← Buddhism
← Founded by a prince named Siddhartha Gautma
← Siddhartha was a Hindu
← He left his palace after the birth of his son to search for the meaning of human suffering
← After 49 days he found the answer to this question, while meditating under a tree
← He then became known as Buddha or enlightened one
← The Four Noble Truths
← All life is suffering
← Suffering is caused by desire
← The way to eliminate suffering is to eliminate desire
← Following the Eightfold Path will help people overcome desire
← Eightfold Path
← Following the Eightfold Path will enable you to reach nirvana
← Nirvana – union with the universe and release from the cycle of death and rebirth (Buddhist believe in reincarnation like Hindus, but reject the caste system)
← Confucianism
← Founded by Chinese philosopher Confucius
← All proper relationships have a superior and inferior
← Confucius’ Five Key Relationships
← Ruler – Subject
← Father – Son
← Husband – Wife
← Older Brother – Younger Brother
← Friend – Friend
← Filial Piety – respect for parents and elders
← Following the Five Relationships and practicing filial piety would bring social order and harmony to China.
← Individuals should know and do what is expected of them
← Judaism
o Monotheistic religion
o Sacred scripture is called the Torah
← Ten Commandments dictate the morality and behavior
← Covenant – agreements made between the Hebrews and God
← Spread of Judaism
← Romans expelled Jews from Palestine in 135 AD
← This leads to a diaspora, or scattering of people
← Christianity
← Founded by Jesus Christ
← Christ is believed to be the God’s son and the Messiah or savior sent from God
← Teachings of Christ
← Compassion for poor and helpless
← Equality of people before God
← Love your neighbor and your enemy
← Most popular religion in the world today; over 2 billion followers
← Sacred text is the Bible
← Old Testament – prophetic writing, laws, details of God and the Jews
← New Testament – about life and teachings of Christ
← Spread of Christianity
← St. Paul and the apostles
← Rome makes it the official religion of the empire
← European exploration in 1400s
← Islam
← Founded in 622 AD by Muhammad
← Five Pillars of Islam
← Faith – “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”
← Prayer – Every Muslim must prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca
← Alms – giving charity
← Fasting – no food or drink from sunrise to sunset during holy month of Ramadan
← Hajj – every able-bodied Muslim must make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime
← Fastest growing religion in the world today; over 1 billion followers
← Sacred text is the Qur’an
← Two sects of Islam
← Sunni
← Shi’a
← Spread of Islam
← Trade
← Military conquest and invasion
← Southeast Asia, Middle East, Southern Spain
✓ Shintoism
✓ Japanese religion that means “way of the gods”
✓ Kami – spirit that is found in all living and nonliving things
✓ Stress on the beauty of nature
✓ REGENTS: Likes to ask how Shintoism and Animism are similar ( Spirits in nature
✓ Zoroastrianism
✓ Dualistic religion
✓ Good vs. Evil (Truth vs. Lies)
✓ Heavily influenced Christianity
✓ Persian religion
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