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Class 9

Present perfect

In this verbal tense, actions happen between the present and the past, but it’s not explicit when it happens exactly. To indicate this precise moment in the past, we use the simple past, that we have already seen before.

Verb “to have” + Past participle of the main verb

OBS1: Always remember: He/She/It ---- Has.

OBS2: The contracted form is ‘ve and ‘s (for he/she/it)

Ex:

|Verb "to arrive" |

| | | | | |

| |Affirmative |Negative |Question |Negative question |

|I |have arrived |haven't arrived |Have I arrived? |Haven't I arrived? |

|You |have arrived |haven't arrived |Have you arrived? |Haven't you arrived? |

|He/She/It |has arrived |hasn't arrived |Has he/she/it arrived? |Hasn't he/she/it arrived? |

|We |have arrived |haven't arrived |Have we arrived? |Haven't we arrived? |

|You |have arrived |haven't arrived |Have you arrived? |Haven't you arrived? |

|They |have arrived |haven't arrived |Have they arrived? |Haven't they arrived? |

When do we use the present perfect?

❖ Actions or situations that started in the past and still affect or happen in the present.

o I have lost my keys.

o He has played for over three hours.

o The ceiling has fallen down.

❖ Actions that have happened in a period of time that has not yet been concluded.

o She has been tired this week.

o So many bad things have happened this year.

❖ Actions that have been repeated during a not specified period of time.

o We have visited grandma so many times.

o I have watched several movies this weekend.

❖ Actions recently concluded.

o I’ve just bought my cellphone and it’s not working already.

o She has just eaten but is still hungry.

❖ When the exact period of time is irrelevant and unknown.

o I’ve met Leonardo DiCaprio.

o Have you done the homework?

Fontes:



Tips

The present perfect is often used along with the terms Just, Already and Yet.

The past participle of regular verbs:

Verb + ed

Past participle of irregular verbs: some irregular verbs have the same form for the past simple and the past participle, but others have unique forms for both. The list below contains the most usual irregular verbs. There are more, but it’s important to keep at least the most common ones in mind.

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Fonte: [pic]

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