Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health

Family Planning

Blended Learning Module for the Health Extension Programme

HEAT

Health Education and Training HEAT in Africa

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health

The Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and the Regional Health Bureaus (RHBs) have developed this innovative Blended Learning Programme in partnership with the HEAT Team from The Open University UK and a range of medical experts and health science specialists within Ethiopia. Together, we are producing 13 Modules to upgrade the theoretical knowledge of the country's 33,000 rural Health Extension Workers to that of Health Extension Practitioners, and to train new entrants to the service. Every student learning from these Modules is supported by a Tutor and a series of Practical Training Mentors who deliver the parallel Practical Skills Training Programme. This blended approach to workplace learning ensures that students achieve all the required theoretical and practical competencies while they continue to provide health services for their communities. These Blended Learning Modules cover the full range of health promotion, disease prevention, basic management and essential treatment protocols to improve and protect the health of rural communities in Ethiopia. A strong focus is on enabling Ethiopia to meet the Millennium Development Goals to reduce maternal mortality by three-quarters and under-5 child mortality by two-thirds by the year 2015. The Modules cover antenatal care, labour and delivery, postnatal care, the integrated management of newborn and childhood illness, communicable diseases (including HIV/AIDS, malaria, TB, leprosy and other common infectious diseases), family planning, adolescent and youth reproductive health, nutrition and food safety, hygiene and environmental health, non-communicable diseases, health education and community mobilisation, and health planning and professional ethics. In time, all the Modules will be accessible from the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health website at .et; online versions will also be available to download from the HEAT (Health Education and Training) website at open.ac.uk/africa/heat as open educational resources, free to other countries across Africa and anywhere in the world to download and adapt for their own training programmes.

Dr Kesetebirhan Admasu State Minister of Health Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health

i

Acknowledgements

Family Planning is one of 13 Blended Learning Modules for the Ethiopian Health Extension Programme. Together with the practical skills training sessions that accompany each of the supported self-study texts, this programme will upgrade the Health Extension Workers who complete the curriculum to Health Extension Practitioners at Level-IV of the Ethiopian Occupational Standards. The upgrading programme is sponsored by the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and the Regional Health Bureaus (RHBs). The FMOH gratefully acknowledges the receipt of funding for this programme from the Ethiopian Office of UNICEF (the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund), The Open University UK, the Alan and Nesta Ferguson Foundation Trust UK, and AMREF (the African Medical and Research Foundation). We are also thankful for the support of the Ethiopian Offices of UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO) for freely enabling their experts to participate in the development of this Module.

This Family Planning Module was produced by a team of Ethiopian experts, who were trained and supported by experts in blended learning pedagogy from the HEAT (Health Education and Training) Team for Africa at The Open University UK. The contributors of original material are:

Dr Yifru Berhan, Hawassa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences

Mr Sileshi Garoma, Addis Ababa University

Mr Waldemariam Hirpa, WHO Ethiopia

Ali Wyllie, HEAT Team, The Open University UK

The Academic Editor of Family Planning is Ali Wyllie, HEAT Team Lead eLearning Adviser, Faculty of Health and Social Care at The Open University UK, with contributions from Dr Heather McLannahan, Department of Life Sciences, also at The Open University UK. The other members of the HEAT Team are:

Lesley-Anne Long, HEAT Programme Director

Dr Basiro Davey, HEAT Deputy Director (Ethiopia)

Alison Robinson, HEAT Programme Coordinator

Dawn Partner, HEAT Senior Production Assistant

Jessica Aumann, HEAT Programme Assistant

We acknowledge the vital contributions of the Programme Coordinators within Ethiopia:

Ato Mohammed Hussein Abeseko, UNICEF Ethiopia and the Federal Ministry of Health

Ato Tedla Mulatu, AMREF Ethiopia

The cover design for Family Planning is by Chris Hough, Learning and Teaching Solutions, The Open University UK. The cover photographs are reproduced with the permission of Indrias Getachew from UNICEF Ethiopia, who photographed the mother and children, and Carrie Teicher, who photographed the display of oral contraceptive pills in a health centre in Ethiopia. Basiro Davey also produced some of the anatomical diagrams in this Module.

We particularly wish to acknowledge our use in this Module of adapted extracts and illustrations from Family Planning: a Global handbook for Providers (2007) published by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Hatcher, R.A., Rinehart, W., Blackburn, R., Geller, J.S., and Shelton, J.D. The Essentials of Contraceptive Technology (1997). Published in Baltimore, by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Population Information Program. ISBN: 1-885960-01-8. Fourth Printing, 2003. The author of Study Session 4 wishes to acknowledge

ii

the source: Family Planning Methods and Practices: Africa, Second Edition 1999, published by United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health, updated 2000, Atlanta, Georgia. The opinions expressed in this Module are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of any of the donor organisations whose generous support made the production of Family Planning possible.

iii

Contents

Study Session

1

An Overview of Population and Family Planning

2

Family Planning Service Delivery and Programme Management

3

Counselling for Family Planning

4

Natural Family Planning (NFP) Methods

5

Oral Contraceptive Methods

6

Injectable Contraceptives and Contraceptive Implants

7

Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (IUCD)

8

Barrier Contraceptive Methods

9

Permanent Family Planning Methods or Voluntary Surgical Contraception (VSC)

10 Emergency Contraception (EC)

11 Postpartum and Post-Abortion Family Planning

12 Overview of Infertility

Notes on the Self-Assessment Questions (SAQs) for the Family Planning Module

iv

Introduction to the Family Planning Module

In 1900, the world population was estimated to be about 1.7 billion. By 1999, it had risen to 6 billion (WHO estimate). Currently, 80% of the world population resides in less developed countries and this figure will rise to 90% by 2050. Ethiopia leads sub-Saharan Africa with one of the highest population sizes in Africa. During the second Ethio-Italian war (1935?1941), the population size of Ethiopia was estimated to be only about 15 million people; 45 years later it had reached 41 million (1984 national census). The current Ethiopian population size in 2010 is 76 million and increasing by more than 2 million people annually. If the current rate of natural increment continues, the population size is estimated to double every 23 years. Taking into account this rapid population growth, the Government of Ethiopia approved the National Population Policy in 1993. Their rationale in formulating and approving this policy was to harmonise the rate of population growth in parallel with socio-economic development. In the last decade, in our country, we have seen ongoing economic development, a factor which has been applauded by both local and international observers. However, this achievement in economic growth is far outstripped by the alarming increase in population. What this implies is that the objectives of the National Population Policy have not yet been met. Therefore, family planning and the family planning service have a huge contribution to make in fostering the economic development of this country through controlling population size, as well as improving the quality of life and health of individuals and families. The role of health professionals in balancing population growth with socioeconomic development is immense and only possible by using family planning as a principle and different contraceptive methods as tools. As a Health Extension Practitioner, you can contribute to balanced population growth through mobilising the community at large. Community mobilisation for the purpose of improving family planning is possible with understanding and by encouraging ownership amongst the beneficiaries. To achieve this, both formal and informal education is important. In short, the three key areas of education, population size and development impact on one another and need to remain in balance. In this Module, you will learn about family planning in detail. Beginning with the wider context of family planning programme management, promotion and counselling for family planning, you will move on to focus in detail on the different types of contraceptive methods, and finally touch briefly on the issue of male and female infertility. The Module is divided into 12 study sessions, and each session should take you about two hours to study.

v

vi

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download