RESPONSIBLE DOG OWNERSHIP



RESPONSIBLE DOG OWNERSHIPBoarding Your Dog If it's not possible to bring your dog along on your vacation, you'll have to arrange for his care while you're away. One alternative is to have a reliable friend, family member, or neighbor come to your home several times a day to feed, water, exercise, and spend time with your dog. You could also hire a professional pet-sitter to perform these duties.Another solution is to board your dog at a reputable kennel. Prices and services for kennels vary, but whether you choose your vet's office or a lavish "bed-and-biscuit" resort with complementary grooming and aromatherapy, keep these considerations in mind. Trust your senses (as well as your common sense) when visiting a kennel as a possible "vacation" spot for your dog. Make sure that the whole kennel, outdoor and indoor runs included, is clean and orderly. Make sure there are no offensive odors. There should be adequate ventilation. A well-run kennel should not stink of doggy odors. Make sure the temperature is adequate, not too warm and not too cold. Ask to see the outdoor running area. It should be close to spotless and made of gravel or concrete. Ask how frequently the areas are cleaned. All responsible kennel owners and operators will ask you about your dog's vaccinations and will require proof of certain shots. All responsible kennel owners and operators will show you each area in which the dogs are kept. The outdoor runs - and the whole kennel should be very secure. Many dogs will attempt to break out, so talk to the kennel owners about this if you're worried. Some last tips...Bring along your dog's bed or favorite toys. When you leave, be positive and upbeat. Tell your dog "Here we are, Fido--it's your summer vacation. Good boy/girl!!" Do not apologize to your dog, he will sense your discomfort and become upset himself. Keep the goodbyes short and sweet.You may return and find that your dog enjoyed his "vacation" just as much as you did!Dental CareGood dental care helps keep your dog in top form Your dog depends on you to help him stay healthy. Good dental hygiene can play an important role in keeping your dog in top form. Clean your dog's teeth and check his gums regularly. Healthy gums are firm and pink, black, or spotted. Young dogs have smooth white teeth that tend to darken with age. Puppies have 23 baby teeth, and adults have around 42 permanent teeth, depending on the breed. As adult teeth come in, they push baby teeth out of the mouth.To check your dog's mouth, talk to him gently, then put your hand over the muzzle and lift up the sides of his mouth. Check that adult teeth are coming in as they should, and are not being crowded by baby teeth. Look for soft white matter or hard white, yellow, or brown matter on the teeth. This is plaque or tartar and should be brushed away. Make sure your dogs gums are healthy and his breath is not foul-smelling. Mouth infections can lead to serious problems in the gums and other parts of the body, including the heart, so it's important to give your dog's teeth and mouth special attention.Clean your dog's teeth frequently with special toothbrushes and toothpaste designed for dogs. If your dog balks at having his teeth brushed, get him used to it by rubbing his teeth and gums with your finger. Then put a little of the toothpaste on your finger and let him sniff and lick it; do the same with the toothbrush. Make sure to provide chew toys or other products that will help clean his teeth. As your dog gets older, he may have a buildup of tartar that requires special cleaning by a veterinarian.Dogs and Holidays Because your dog is special to you, you want him to share all the special times in your life, including holidays. But to your dog, every day spent with you is a holiday, and he may not be able to appreciate or understand the strange people, noises, things and goings-on associated with holiday celebrations. Here are some ways to keep your dog safe and happy during those festive times.General Tips Stick as closely as possible to your normal routine. Try not to vary your dog's feeding, walking, and playtime schedule.Don't give your dog scraps from the picnic table or holiday buffet. Cookies and pies, macaroni salads and stuffing, potato chips and fancy hors d'oeuvres, are inappropriate foods for dogs and may make them sick.If you host a party, remember that some guests may be uncomfortable around dogs. Your dog may, in turn, be uncomfortable or frightened around a large group of unfamiliar people. You may want to confine him in a crate or a room that will not be used by guests. Otherwise, keep him by your side, or with another family member, to keep him from getting into trouble or underfoot.No matter how fun the party gets, never ever give your dog alcohol. Fourth of July Few dogs appreciate the spectacle of Fourth of July fireworks. The loud noises may be upsetting or even uncomfortable to your dog's sensitive ears. If you are going out to see fireworks, leave your dog at home.If fireworks can be heard from your house, and they appear to bother your dog, take your dog to a quiet room and sit with him until he calms down.If your dog has a history of negative reactions to loud noises, talk to your veterinarian ahead of time for techniques to make the night easier.Thanksgiving Turkey bones can pose a choking hazard for dogs. Do not give turkey bones to your dog.Keep an eye on the holiday table and secure leftovers and garbage to prevent your dog from foraging among the holiday foods. Christmas Holly, mistletoe and poinsettia plants are poisonous to dogs. Make sure they are kept in places your dog cannot reach.Do not put lights on the lower branches of your tree. They may get very hot and burn your dog.Watch out for electrical cords. Pets often try to chew them and get badly shocked or electrocuted. Place them out of reach.Avoid glass ornaments, which break easily and may cut a dog's feet or mouth.Do not use edible ornaments, or cranberry or popcorn strings. Your dog may knock the tree over in an attempt to reach them. Keep other ornaments off the lower branches; if your dog chews or eats an ornament, he can be made sick by the materials or paint.Both live and artificial tree needles are sharp and indigestible. Keep your tree blocked off (with a playpen or other "fence") or in a room that is not accessible to your dog.Tinsel can be dangerous for dogs. It may obstruct circulation and, if swallowed, block the intestines.Keep burning candles on high tables or mantels, out of the way of your dog's wagging tail.Review canine holiday gifts for safety. Small plastic toys or bones may pose choking hazards.Your dog may want to investigate wrapped packages; keep them out of reach.Emergencies and First Aids Even the best-cared-for dog may become sick or get injured at some point in his life. If your dog falls victim to illness or accident, you will need to do what you can to get him out of immediate danger and keep him comfortable until you can get him to a veterinarian. You should also be prepared to care for you dog in the event of weather disasters or other emergencies. First AidRestrain or muzzle the dog to keep him from panicking and struggling against you. You can make a muzzle out of panty hose, a cotton bandage, a necktie, or any sturdy piece of fabric about two feet long. Tie a loose knot in the middle, leaving a large loop. Slip the loop over the dog's nose and tighten gently but firmly about halfway up the nose. Bring the ends down and knot under the dog's chin, then bring the ends behind the back and tie again.Transport an injured dog carefully to avoid causing further injury, so transport requires care. Place the dog on a piece of plywood or other hard surface to move him. Small dogs should be placed in a box. Towles or blankets can also be used as stretchers.Artificial respiration must be performed when the dog is unable to breathe. The dog's mouth should be checked and cleared of any obstructions, including mucus or blood. Hold the mouth closed, inhale, completely cover the dog's nose with your mouth, and gently breathe out. Do not blow hard. Repeat every five to six seconds.Heart massage (CPR) can be used in combination with artificial respiration when the dog's heart has stopped beating. Lay the dog on his side, place hands over the heart area, and press firmly about 70 times per minute. For small dogs, place one hand on each side of the chest near the elbow. Press gently to avoid breaking the dog's ribs.External Bleeding should be staunched by applying gentle pressure from a cloth, bandages, or your own hand if necessary. Don't worry about cleaning out the wound until the bleeding has stopped. Take the dog to the veterinarian as quickly as possible. Antibiotics may be needed to stave off infection.Internal bleeding, from a fall or from being hit by a car or other heavy object, can be more dangerous. The dog may show these signs: painful or swollen abdomen, pale gums, blood in vomit, urine, stools, saliva, or nose discharge. Internal hemorrhage is extremely serious and should be tended to by a veterinarian without delay.Shock occurs when the heart and blood vessels shut down. It can result from disease or injury. The signs are depressions, rapid, weak heartbeat, dilated pupils, low temperature, and muscle weakness. Respond at once by keeping the animal warm and quiet, treating any visible injuries, and taking him to the veterinarian.Fractures require immediate attention. Dogs will hold a fractured or dislocated limb in an unnatural position; sometimes a broken bone is visible through the skin. The dog should be transported to the veterinarian with as little movement as possible.Heatstroke may occur when dogs are left in cars on hot, or even warm, days; when kennel areas do not have proper ventilation; or when dogs are overexercised on hot days. The signs are rapid breathing, rapid heartbeat, high body temperature (above 104 degrees Fahrenheit), and collapse.Dogs suffering from heatstroke must be cooled down as quickly as possible. Spray him with cool water, place ice around the belly, head, and neck. Stop cooling when the dog's temperature reaches 103 degrees Fahrenheit. Call your veterinarian after administering the first aid, or better yet, have someone else call while you're treating your dog.Vomiting and diarrhea are usually signs of problems with the digestive system, and could be caused by any number of things, from the ordinary (spicy food) to the dangerous (poison). Dehydration from vomiting or diarrhea can be fatal. Make sure the dog has plenty of water. If neither condition seems severe, feed the dog a bland diet of plain cooked chicken and rice for 12 hours. If the condition does not improve after 12 hours, call the veterinarian.Seizures cause a dog to losee control of his muscles. He may fall on his side and seem to paddle the air. Surround the dog with a blanket so he won't hurt himself, but don't try to handle him; he may bite in a reflexive action. Call your veterinarian.Bee and Wasp Stings can be painful and frightening for a dog. Follow these procedures if your dog is stung: Carefully remove the stinger with tweezers, if possible. (Only bees leave stingers.)Make a paste of baking soda and water and apply to the area.Apply an ice pack to relieve swelling and fort the dog until the pain has diminishedUsually a single sting does not present a serious problem. If the sting is on the nose, mouth or around the head, watch your dog carefully to make sure that any swelling does not interfere with breathing or swallowing. If the swelling increases dramatically just a few minutes after the sting, see a veterinarian immediately.Multiple stings can cause more damage, and may be life-threatening. If you see your dog disturb a hive or swarm of wasps or bees, call the dog to you and run, or, if necessary, pick up your dog and carry it away. Try to put distance between your dog and the swarm as quickly as possible. Once you and the dog are safe, get medical attention as soon as possible.If possible, give antihistamines to your dog right away (Your veterinarian can give you a supply for your dog's first aid kit, and advise you on dosage and administration). Then take your dog to the closest veterinarian. Treatment for massive stings usually involves intravenous catheterization, the administration of fluids, giving of corticosteroids and monitoring of vital signs. The goal of treatment is to prevent shock and circulatory collapse and to minimize damage to organ systems.Canine First Aid KitWe recommend keeping the following items on hand in case of emergency. Ask your veterinarian to explain the proper use of these items. SyringeGauze PadsAdhesive TapeCo-flexHydrogen PeroxideCold PackIpecac SyrupFirst Aid SprayLiquid StypticAntibiotic OintmentHydrocortisone 1%Magnifying GlassScissorsTweezersLatex GlovesCotton BallsIodine SwabsStretch GauzeMuzzle You also may want to include: Liquid Activated CharcoalAldroxiconDiotameRehydration TabletsSting Relief PadsAluminized Thermal BlanketTourniquet Poisons Due to their natural curiosity and their tendency to consume anything they come across, dogs are at a high risk for accidental poisoning. Store all poisonous substances in your home, garage, and yard out of reach of your curious canine. If you suspect your dog has ingested a poison, call your veterinarian at once. The longer the poison is in the dog's system, the more extensive the damage. These are some common poisons and their effects:Insecticides and paraise medication. Flea and tick sprays, shampoos, and collars, and worm medications must be used according to directions. Signs of overuse of these chemicals are trembling and weakness, drooling, vomiting, and loss of bowel control. Rodent poisons. Most rat poisons thin the blood so it is unable to clot. Making the dog vomit (ask your vet how to do this) before 30 minutes have elapsed will usually get rid of most of the poison. Poisons containing strychnine, such as those used for gophers, can cause rapid death.Acids, alkalis, and petroleum products. Vomiting should not be induced if these products have been swallowed. You can give antacids - approximately two teaspoons per five pounds of body weight - to temporarily counteract acids. For alkali ingestion, use one part vinegar to four parts water, and administer as you would antacids.Antifreeze. This sweet-tasting substance can leak out of parked cars, leaving an inviting puddle for wandering dogs. It is extremely toxic to dogs, even in small amounts. Call the veterinarian immediately. To prevent accidental ingestion, use an animal-safe antifreeze in your mon Household Poisons AcetaminophenAntifreeze and other car fluidsBleachBoric acidCleaning fluidDeodorantsDeodorizersDetergentsDisinfectantsDrain cleanersFurniture polishGasolineHair coloringsWeed killersInsecticidesKeroseneMatchesMothballsNail polish and removerPaintPrescription medicineRat poisonRubbing alcoholShoe polishSleeping pillsSnail or slug baitTurpentineWindshield-wiper fluid Poisonous Plants May cause vomiting and diarrhea: Castor beanSoap berryGround CherrySkunk CabbageDaffodilDelphiniumFoxgloveLarkspurIndian TobaccoIndian TurnipPoke weedBittersweet woodyWisteria May cause vomiting, abdominal pain and/or diarrhea: AlmondApricotWild CherryBalsam PearJapanese PlumBird of Paradise bushHorse Chestnut (Buckeye)English HollyBlack LocustMock OrangePrivetRain Tree (Monkey Pod)American YewEnglish YewWestern Yew May cause varied reactions: Mescal beanMushrooms (if also toxic to humans)Sunburned potatoesRhubarbSpinachTomato vineButtercupDologetonPoison HemlockWater HemlockJasmineLoco weedLupineMatrimony VineMay AppleMoonseedNightshadeAngel's Trumpet May act as hallucinogens: Marijuana May cause convulsions: China berryCoriariaMoonweedNux vomicaWater Hemlock Evacuation TipsWhether it's wildfires, tornadoes, hurricanes or floods, severe weather can mean immediate, sudden evacuation. You and your family may be forced to leave your home quickly to get to shelter or higher ground. Sometimes, you may have a few hours notice, and sometimes you may need to move more quickly.If you live in a disaster-prone area, you may already have an evacuation plan for your family. But have you included your dog in that plan? Many shelters, including the Red Cross, do not accept pets (except service animals). Here are some tips to prepare for an immediate evacuation. Plan aheadRemember that most emergency shelters do not accept pets. Call hotels in your area and in surrounding states to inquire about their pet policies. Once you've located a few hotels that will accept pets, write down the names, addresses, phone numbers and driving directions. Make sure to include alternate driving directions in case roads are blocked. If you can't find a hotel, ask friends in the surrounding areas if you and your dog(s) can stay with them. Microchip or tattoo your dogPermanent identification is the best way to ensure a lost dog will be returned to you. Assemble a disaster supply kit for your dog.Take this kit with you should you need to evacuate. Include: Leash and collar with ID tagsCurrent copy of vaccination recordsAny medication your dog needs and written directions for dispensing medicationPhotocopy of AKC registration papers and a copy of your dog's enrollment papers for AKC/CARRecent photoAt least a three-day supply of food and bottled water. Don't forget your dog's dishes!Blankets and beddingCrate with a few toysPlastic "pick-up" bags Train your DogObedience-trained dogs will respond better to commands and will be easier to handle during a stressful situation such as an emergency evacuation.Grooming Good grooming will help your dog look and feel his best. Routine grooming sessions also allow you to examine your dog's coat, teeth, eyes, ears, and nails for signs of problems. How often you need to groom your dog depends on his size, breed, and type of coat.Brushing - Several brushing sessions a week will keep the average dog neat and clean; daily attention is even better. Brush all the way down to the skin, letting the massaging action stimulate blood circulation and loosen and remove flakes of dandruff.The kind of equipment you need depends on your dog's coat texture and length. Longhaired dogs need pin brushes, which have long, round-ended stainless-steel or chrome-plated pins. Short-, medium-, and some long-coated breeds need bristle brushes. There are also slicker brushes for removing mats and dead hair; rubber curry combs to polish smooth coats and remove dead hair; clippers, stripping knives, rakes, hair dryers, and other grooming tools. When brushing, always check for burrs and other stubborn plant material; mats, which most frequently form behind the ears and under the legs; and any cuts or scrapes on the skin itself.All dogs shed, though some definitely shed more than others. Regular brushing will help keep shedding under control.Bathing - Your dog should have regular, but not frequent, baths, depending on the breed and coat of your dog. Too-frequent washing removes natural oils and causes the coat to become dry and harsh.When necessary, use a mild shampoo formulated for dogs. Stand the dog in a tub or basin, and put cotton balls in his ears and a couple of drops of mineral oil in his eyes. Wet the dog with warm water and apply shampoo from the neck back. After lathering and scrubbing, rinse your dog thoroughly with warm water. Rub vigorously with a towel (he'll help you with vigorous shaking!), and then blow-dry if necessary. Comb or brush as required.Nail Trimming - Nails must be kept short for the feet to remain healthy. Long nails interfere with the dog's gait, making walking awkward or painful. They can also break easily. This usually happens at the base of the nail, where blood vessels and nerves are located, and precipitates a trip to the veterinarian. If you can hear the nails clicking on the floor, they're too long.To trim your dog's nails, use a specially designed clipper. Most have safety guards to prevent you from cutting the nails too short. You want to trim only the ends, before the "quick" which is a blood vessel inside the nail. (You can see where the quick ends on a white nail, but not on a dark nail.) Clip only the hook-like part of the nail that turns down.Many dogs dislike having their nails trimmed. You can make it a painless procedure by getting your dog used to having his feet handled in puppyhood. Start trimming gently, a nail or two at a time, and your dog will learn that you're not going to hurt him.If you accidentally cut the quick, stop the bleeding with some styptic powder. If you find it impossible to clip your dog's nails, take him to a veterinarian or groomer.Ear Cleaning - You should clean your dog's ears once a month, more if he's prone to ear problems. Clean the outer part of the ear only, using a damp cloth or a cotton swab soaked in mineral oil. Never force anything into the ear. Some dogs need the hair plucked just inside the ear to keep air circulating; ask your veterinarian if this is necessary for your dog.Eye Cleaning - Clean slight discharges with a moist cotton ball. Do not put anything irritating in your dog's eyes. Tooth Brushing - Clean your dog's teeth frequently with special toothbrushes and toothpaste desgined for dogs. If your dog balks at having his teeth brushed, get him used to it by rubbing his teeth and gums with your finger. Then put a little of the toothpaste on your finger and let him sniff and lick it; do the same with the toothbrush. Make sure to provide chew toys that will help clean his teeth. As your dog gets older, he may have a buildup of tartar that requires special cleaning by a veterinarian.Anal Sacs - Anal sacs are located on each side of your dog's anus; they are glands that exude scent when your dog has a bowel movement. If you notice your dog scooting along on his rear or licking or scratching his anus, he may have impacted anal sacs. Ask your veterinarian how to treat an anal sac problem.The Healthy Dog Your dog will rely on you to keep him in good health. A proper diet, regular exercise and grooming, and routine check-ups at the veterinarian will help keep your dog in top form. It's also important for you to get to know your dog's habits - eating, drinking, sleeping, and so forth - since sometimes a variation in those habits can be an indication that he isn't feeling well.The information on this page should be used as a guide for keeping your dog healthy and identifying problems. Ask your veterinarian for advice on healthcare and prevention and be sure to seek medical advice if you think your dog is ill or hurt. Signs of Good HealthSkin - Healthy skin is flexible and smooth, without scabs, growths, white flakes, or red areas. It ranges in color from pale pink to brown or black depending on the breed. Spotted skin is normal, whether the dog has a spotted or solid coat. Check your dog for fleas, ticks, lice, or other external parasites. To do this, blow gently on your dog's stomach or brush hair backward in a few places to see if any small specks scurry away or if ticks are clinging to the skin. Black "dirt" on your dog's skin or bedding may be a sign of flea droppings.Coat - A healthy coat, whether short or long, is glossy and pliable, without dandruff, bald spots, or excessive oiliness.Eyes - Healthy eyes are bright and shiny. Mucus and watery tears are normal but should be minimal and clear. The pink lining of the eyelids should not be inflamed, swollen, or have a yellow discharge. Sometimes you can see your dog's third eyelid, a light membrane, at the inside corner of an eye. It may slowly come up to cover his eye as he goes to sleep. The whites of your dog's eyes should not be yellowish. Eyelashes should not rub the eyeball.Ears - The skin inside your dog's ears should be light pink and clean. There should be some yellow or brownish wax, but a large amount of wax or crust is abnormal. There should be no redness or swelling inside the ear, and your dog shouldn't scratch his ears or shake his head frequently. Dogs with long, hairy ears, such as Cocker Spaniels, need extra attention to keep the ears dry and clean inside and out.Nose - A dog's nose is usually cool and moist. It can be black, pink, or self-colored (the same color as the coat), depending on the breed. Nasal discharge should be clear, never yellowish, thick, bubbly, or foul smelling. A cool, wet nose does not necessarily mean the dog is healthy, and a dry, warm nose doesn't necessarily mean he's sick. Taking his temperature is a better indication of illness.Mouth, Teeth and Gums - Healthy gums are firm and pink, black, or spotted, just like the dog's skin. Young dogs have smooth white teeth that tend to darken with age. Puppies have 23 baby teeth and adults have around 42 permanent teeth.Nutrition and Feeding A good diet will keep your dog looking and feeling his best. It provides your dog with the right amounts of essential nutrients: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Your dog must have all these in correct proportions to stay healthy. Dog food companies make a variety of foods for all life stages, from puppyhood to senior citizenship.With so many dog foods on the market, it's tough to know what's right for your dog. You can ask a breeder or veterinarian for advice, but it's up to you to see how the food affects your dog. If your dog's energy level is right for his breed and age, if his skin and coat are healthy, if his stools are firm and brown, and if he seems to be in overall good health, then the food is doing its job.Many owners prefer to feed kibble (dry), rather than soft dog food for several reasons. Crunching the hard kibbles keeps your dog's teeth clean and exercises his jaw muscles. It also keeps the dog's stools compact and firm, resulting in easier cleanup. If your dog prefers soft food, you can mix some in with the kibble (try three-quarters dry with one-quarter canned). Semi-moist foods, while convenient, don't offer the nutritional benefits of premium kibble or canned foods.Puppies need more calories and essential nutrients than do adult dogs. Choose a food specially formulated for puppies. Puppies under six months should get three or four meals a day. They are growing rapidly, but their stomachs have limited capacity. After six months they can handle two to three meals a day. Adult dogs should be fed according to their size and energy needs. Most adults should get two meals a day.All dogs need separate food and water dishes. The bowls should be cleaned daily, and cool, fresh water should be available at all times.Dogs can be great beggars, but don't let yours charm you into the habit of sharing your food. Dogs' nutritional needs are different from humans', and you're doing your dog a disservice by giving him a diet meant for you. There are plenty of nutritious dog treats on the market, which you can feed as a part of a dog's overall food intake. Dogs also love vegetables such as broccoli, carrots, zucchini, cauliflower, peas, and beans, and fruits such as bananas, apples, and melon. These make great low-calorie treats.What Not To FeedNever give your dog chocolate. It contains theobromine, a chemical that is toxic to dogs. Also, don't feed your dogs bones that can splinter or that have sharp edges. Large, hard bones such as knuckle and marrow bones are fine, but parboil them to destroy harmful parasites, and take them away from your dog if he starts to actually eat the bone rather than just chew on it. Parasites Parasites such as worms, fleas and ticks can make your dog uncomfortable and even seriously ill. This page describes the most common parasites that can affect dogs. You should consult your veterinarian for the best way to prevent infestation in your dog and your home. Internal ParasitesHookworms are common in puppies, though dogs of any age can be infested. Hookworms are acquired by puppies from their mother by nursing and by adult dogs by swallowing the parasite's eggs or having the hookworm burrow into the skin. Infection can be prevented by keeping your dog's environment clean. Your veterinarian can detect hookworms by examining a stool sample under a microscope.Roundworms are also common in puppies and can infect other dogs and children. They look like white, firm, rounded strips of spaghetti, one to three inches long. Your veterinarian will look for signs of roundworms in the stool sample. Again, keep your dog's environment clean to prevent infestation.Tapeworms will cause your dog to lose weight and have occasional diarrhea. You'll know if your dog's got them because you'll see segments of the worms around his anus or on his stool. The segments look like grains of rice.Whipworms are acquired by licking or sniffing contaminated ground. They live in the dog's intestine and are only detectable in a stool sample.Heartworms enter a dog's bloodstream from the bite of an infected mosquito. The worms mature in the dog's heart, growing to twelve inches in length and effectively clogging the heart - a very serious condition. Heartworm infection occurs throughout the United States but is particularly common in warm, mosquito-infested areas. Treatment is expensive and can be dangerous. Fortunately, you can keep your dog free from infestation by administering heartworm preventive pills. External ParasitesFleas are a very common problem. You will need to be diligent about flea control; if you're not, your dog can suffer hair loss, allergic reaction, and worms. You also risk infesting your house and family members as well.If your dog has fleas, you should ask your veterinarian for the most effective way to rid them from the dog and its bedding and environment. Effective flea prevention is also available; ask your vet for the best method for your dog. Ticks can cause a number of serious illnesses, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease. Check your dog for ticks daily if he spends any time outside, and whenever you see one, take it off immediately. The best way to do this is to numb the tick with rubbing alcohol or petroleum jelly, then pull it off with tweezers. Once removed, kill the tick by putting it in a container of alcohol. Prevent an infestation by treating your dog with a medication, dip, spray or powder as recommended by your veterinarian. Mosquitoes. Mosquitoes are more of a nuisance than a serious threat to dogs. The West Nile virus, an infection carried by mosquitoes, remains fairly low. Regardless of the risk, mosquitoes are a pain. They exist everywhere in the United States, except at elevations above 8,000 feet. Lice and mites are microscopic organisms that feed on your dog's skin and cause itching, hair loss, and infection. Lice live in a dog's hair and can be killed by dipping with an insecticide effective against ticks or fleas. Various kinds of mites inhabit different areas of the dog, and the problems they cause are generally known as mange. Ear mites live in the dog's ears. Your dog may have mites if he shakes his head and scratches his ears. Scabies, which affects humans as well as dogs, is caused when mites burrow into the dog's skin and cause intense itching and hair loss. Scabies usually affects the ears, elbows, legs, and face. Demodectic mange causes hair loss around the forehead, eyes, muzzle, and forepaws. It's caused by a mite that lives in hair follicles and causes hair loss, thick, red skin, and infected areas. There is also a mite that causes "walking dandruff" on a dog's head, back, and neck. This mite also causes itchy red spots on humans. All mites should be diagnosed from a skin scraping by a veterinarian.Summer Safety Tips Hot weather can make us all uncomfortable, and it poses special risks for your dog. Keep the following safety concerns in mind as the temperature rises, and follow our tips to keep your dog cool.Heat HazardsIf your dog is outside on a hot day, make sure he has a shady spot to rest in. Doghouses are not good shelter during the summer as they can trap heat. You may want to fill a child's wading pool with fresh water for your dog to cool off in.Never leave your dog in a closed vehicle on a hot day. The temperature inside a car can rise to over 100 degrees in a matter of minutes.Always provide plenty of cool, fresh water.Avoid strenuous exercise on extremely hot days. Take walks in the early mornings or evenings, when the sun's heat is less intense.Try to avoid prolonged exposure to hot asphalt or sand, which can burn your dog's paws.Dogs that are brachycephalic (short-faced), such as Bulldogs, Boxers, Japanese Chins, and Pekingese, have an especially hard time in the heat because they do not pant as efficiently as longer-faced dogs. Keep your brachycephalic dog inside with air-conditioning.General HealthMake sure your dog's vaccinations are up to date, especially since dogs tend to stay outdoors longer and come into contact with other animals more during the summer months.Keep dogs off of lawns that have been chemically treated or fertilized for 24 hours (or according to package instructions), and away from potentially toxic plants and flowers.Keep your dog well-brushed and clean.Fleas and ticks, and the mosquitos which carry heartworm disease, are more prevalent in warmer months. Ask your veterinarian for an effective preventive to keep these parasites off your dog. Beach TipsMake sure your dog has a shady spot to rest in and plenty of fresh water.Dogs, especially those with short hair, white fur, and pink skin, can sunburn. Limit your dog's exposure during the day and apply sunblock to his ears and nose 30 minutes before going outside.Check with a lifeguard for daily water conditions. Dogs are easy targets for sea lice and jellyfish.Running on the sand is strenuous exercise. A dog that is out of shape can easily pull a tendon or ligament, so keep a check on your dog's activity.Do not let your dog drink seawater; the salt will make him sick.Salt and other minerals in ocean water can damage your dog's coat, so rinse him off at the end of the day.Not all beaches permit dogs; check local ordinances before heading out.Water SafetyMost dogs enjoy swimming, but some cannot swim, and others may hate the water. Be conscious of your dog's preferences and skills before trying to make him swim.If you're swimming for the first time with your dog, start in shallow water and coax him in by calling his name. Encourage him with toys or treats. Or, let him follow another experienced dog he is friendly with.Never throw your dog into the water.If your dog begins to paddle with his front legs, lift his hind legs and help him float. He should quickly catch on and keep his back end up.Don't let your dog overdo it; swimming is very hard work and he may tire quickly.If swimming at the ocean, be careful of strong tides.If you have your own pool, make sure your dog knows where the stairs or ladder are located. Be sure that pool covers are firmly in place; dogs have been known to slip in under openings in the covers and drown.Never leave your dog unattended in water.TravelBy Air - Many airlines will not ship animals during summer months due to dangers caused by hot weather. Some will only allow dogs to fly in the early morning or in the evening. Check with your airlines for specific rules.If you do ship a dog, put icepacks or an ice blanket in the dog's crate. (Two-liter soft drink bottles filled with water and frozen work well.) Provide a container of fresh water, as well as a container of frozen water that will thaw over the course of the trip.By Car - Keep your dog cool in the car by putting icepacks in his crate. Make sure the crate is well ventilated.Put a sunshade on your car windows.Bring along fresh water and a bowl, and a tarp or tent so you can set up a shady spot when you stop. Keep a spray bottle filled with water to spritz on your dog to cool him down.By RV - A dog's safety should not depend on the air conditioning and generator systems in an RV or motor home. These devices can malfunction, with tragic results.If you leave your dog in an RV with the generator running, check it often or have a neighbor monitor it. Some manufacturers have devices that will notify you if the generator should malfunction.Never leave an RV or motor home completely shut up, even if the generator and AC are running. Crack a window or door or run the exhaust fan.Never, ever leave a dog unattended in a vehicle in the summer months. Heatstroke and death can occur within minutes in warm temperatures.HeatstrokeHeatstroke can be the serious and often fatal result of a dog's prolonged exposure to excessive heat. Below are the signs of heatstroke and the actions you should take if your dog is overcome.Early Stages: Heavy panting.Rapid breathing.Excessive drooling.Bright red gums and tongue.Standing 4-square, posting or spreading out in an attempt to maintain balanceAdvanced Stages: White or blue gums.Lethargy, unwillingness to move.Uncontrollable urination or defecation.Labored, noisy breathing. Shock.If your dog begins to exhibit signs of heatstroke, you should immediately try to cool the dog down: Apply rubbing alcohol to the dog's paw pads.Apply ice packs to the groin area.Hose down with water.Allow the dog to lick ice chips or drink a small amount of water.Offer Pedialyte to restore electrolytes.Check your dog's temperature regularly during this process. Once the dog's temperature has stabilized at between 100 to 102 degrees, you can stop the cool-down process.If you cannot get the dog cooled down and you begin to see signs of advanced heatstroke, take the dog to the veterinarian immediately. Traveling with your Dog Taking your dog along can make the family vacation more fun for everyone, if you plan carefully. Here are some trip tips to make traveling with your dog enjoyable.Health and Safety Health Checks. Bring your dog to the vet's for a check up before going on an extended trip. Make sure all his vaccinations are up to date; shot records with you. Health certifications are required for airline travel.To keep your dog healthy as you travel, bring along a supply of his regular food and some local, or bottled, water. Be sure to bring any medications he needs. CratesA crate is an excellent way to keep your dog safe in the car, and is required for airline travel. It can also keep your pet from getting into trouble in a hotel or at your host's home. Crates are available from most pet supply stores. Look for these features when purchasing: Large enough to allow the dog to stand, turn and lie down.Strong, with handles and grips, and free of interior protrusions.Leak-proof bottom covered with absorbent material.Ventilation on opposing sides, with exterior rims or knobs to prevent blocked airflow."Live Animal" label, arrows upright, with owner's name, address and phone number.Stock the crate with a comfortable mat, your dog's favorite toy, and a water bottle, and your dog is ready to go. IdentificationIn the event that your dog gets away from you on your trip, you can increase the chances of recovery by making sure he can be properly identified: Make sure your dog has a sturdy leash and collar. The collar should have identification tags with the dog's name, your name, and your home phone number, as well as proof of rabies shots. Consider a permanent form of identification, such as a microchip Bring a recent picture of your dog along with you. Traveling by Car Get your dog used to the car by letting him sit in it with you without leaving the driveway, and then going for short rides. Avoid car sickness by letting your dog travel on an empty stomach. However, make sure he has plenty of water at all times.Keep the car well-ventilated. If the dog is in a crate, make sure that fresh air can flow into the crate. Do not let your dog ride with his head sticking out of an open window. This can lead to eye injuries.Never let your dog ride in the back of an open truck. This is extremely dangerous and can lead to severe injuries or death.Stop frequently for exercise and potty breaks. Be sure to clean up after your dog.Car rides are boring for everyone, so instruct your children not to tease or annoy the dog in the car.Never, ever leave your dog unattended in a closed vehicle, particularly in the summer. See Summer Safety Tips for more information. If you must leave the car, designate a member of the family to stay with the dogBy Plane Each airline has its own set of rules for canine air travel. You should call for information and make arrangements well in advance of your trip.All airlines require health certifications and proof of vaccinations.Some airlines will not transport animals when it is extremely hot or cold. Dogs must be in an airline-approved crate when transported as cargo. Small dogs may ride under the seat in a crate or carrier. By Train, Bus and Boat If you plan to travel by train or bus, you may be disappointed. Dogs are not permitted on Amtrak trains or on buses operated by Greyhound and other interstate bus companies. (Service dogs are permitted.) Local rail and bus companies have their own policies.You may fare better if you're taking a cruise. The QE2 luxury cruiser, which sails from New York to England/France, provides special lodging and free meals for your dog. However, you should check the policies of the cruise line or ship you will be traveling on before making plans to take your dog on a cruise with you.LodgingFind out in advance which hotels or motels at your destination or on your route allow dogs. Many do not, or have size or breed restrictions.If your dog is allowed to stay at a hotel, respect other guests, staff and the property.Keep your dog as quiet as possible. Do not leave the dog unattended. Many dogs will bark or destroy property if left alone in a strange place.Ask the management where you should walk your dog, and pick up after him. Do not leave any mess behind.Remember that one bad experience with a dog guest may prompt the hotel management to refuse to allow any dogs. Be considerate of others and leave your room and the grounds in good condition. Winter Care for Canines General ConcernsWinter's cold air brings many concerns for responsible dog owners. Keep the following precautions in mind: Don't leave your dog outside in the cold for long periods of time. Wind chill makes days colder than actual temperature readings. Be attentive to your dog's body temperature, and limit its time outdoors.Adequate shelter is a necessity. Keep your dog warm, dry and away from drafts. Tiles and uncarpeted areas may become extremely cold, so make sure to place blankets and pads on floors in these areas. Be extra careful when walking or playing with your dog near frozen lakes, rivers or ponds. Your dog could slip or jump in and get seriously injured.Groom your dog regularly. Your dog needs a well-groomed coat to keep properly insulated. Short- or coarse-haired dogs may get extra cold, so consider a sweater or coat. Long-haired dogs should have excess hair around the toes and foot pads trimmed to ease snow removal and cleaning. If you do the trimming, take care not to cut the pads or other delicate area of the foot.Feed your dog additional calories if it spends a lot of time outdoors or is a working animal. It takes more energy in the winter to keep body temperature regulated, so additional calories are necessary.Towel or blow-dry your dog if it gets wet from rain or snow. It is important to dry and clean its paws, too. This helps avoid tiny cuts and cracked pads. A little petroleum jelly may soften the pads and prevent further cracking.Don't leave your dog alone in a car. If the car engine is left on, the carbon monoxide will endanger your dog's life. If the engine is off, the temperature in the car will get too cold. Health TipsDogs cannot talk to us when they are sick. As a responsible dog owner, it is important to pay special attention to your dog's well-being during the winter season. Remember the following health concerns: Antifreeze, which often collects on driveways and roadways, is highly poisonous. Although it smells and tastes good to your dog, it can be lethal.Rock salt, used to melt ice on sidewalks, may irritate footpads. Be sure to rinse and dry your dog's feet after a walk.Provide plenty of fresh water. Your dog is just as likely to get dehydrated in the winter as in the summer. Snow is not a satisfactory substitute for water.Frostbite is your dog's winter hazard. To prevent frostbite on its ears, tail and feet, don't leave your dog outdoors for too long. Be very careful of supplemental heat sources. Fireplaces and portable heaters can severely burn your dog. Make sure all fireplaces have screens, and keep portable heaters out of reach.Like people, dogs seem to be more susceptible to illness in the winter. Take your dog to a veterinarian if you see any suspicious symptoms.Don't use over-the-counter medications on your dog without consulting a veterinarianHoliday SafeguardsThe winter season brings lots of fun holiday festivities, but pet-owners should keep in mind the following special precautions: The holidays are not ideal for introducing a pet into your family. New puppies and dogs require extra attention and a stable environment, which the holiday season doesn't permit. Also, a puppy is not a toy or gift that can be returned. Instead, the AKC suggests giving a gift representative of the dog to come, such as a toy, a leash, or a bed.Holly, mistletoe and poinsettia plants are pet poisons! Make sure they are kept in places your dog cannot reach.Review holiday gifts for dogs to make sure they are safe. Items such as plastic toys and small rawhide sticks may be dangerous.Remove holiday lights from lower branches of your tree. They may get very hot and burn dogs. Watch out for electrical cords. Pets often try to chew them and may get badly shocked or electrocuted. Place wires out of reach.Avoid using glass ornaments. They break easily and may cut a dog's feet and mouth.Refrain from using edible ornaments. Your dog may knock the tree over in an attempt to eat them. Also, commercial ornaments may contain paint or toxins in the preservatives.Whether your tree is live or artificial, both kinds of needles are sharp and indigestible. Don't leave your dog unattended in the room with the tree.Tinsel is dangerous for dogs. It may obstruct circulation and, if swallowed, block the intestines. Alcohol and chocolate are toxic for dogs, even in small amounts. Keep unhealthy, sweet treats and seasonal goodies out of reach.The holiday season is a stressful time for dogs. Try to keep a normal schedule during all the excitement. ................
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