Basketball Study Guide



Team Sports Study Guide

SOFTBALL

Base - One of three areas on the field you may stay and not be tagged out.

Base Hit (All hits, are only hits, if the defense doesn’t make an error)

Single - When you hit the ball reach first base without being called out.

Double - When you hit the ball and reach second base.

Triple - When you reach third base because of your hit.

Home Run - When your hit is so far you touch all the bases and score.

Baseline - The lines on the side of the field. The baseline is in fair territory.

Batter - The offensive player trying to hit the ball.

Batter’s Box - The area beside homeplate where the batter stands, waiting for a pitch.

Dugout - The area where all the players not actively playing, wait.

Error - When a defensive player incorrectly plays the ball.

Foul - A hit ball, that is not in the field of play.

In-The-Hole - The player who is the third batter to hit.

Lineup - The list of players indicating what order the team bats in.

Mound - The area in the middle of the infield where the pitcher pitches from.

On Deck - The batter who is the second batter to hit.

Fly out - When a ball is caught in the air without it touching the ground.

Force out - When a fielder touches the base a runner has to run to.

Strike out - When the batter receives three strikes.

Tag out - When a runner is not on a base, and is tagged with the ball.

Ball - A pitch that is not across the plate and or is too high or low.

Strike - A pitch that is across the plate and is between the knees and the

shoulders.

Plate - Homeplate is the area where the batter bats and players must cross to score.

Players - Each team is allowed 9 or 10 players per official softball team.

Sacrifice - When a batter hits the ball to intentionally get themselves out, so another base runner may advance to another base.

Football

|1 |Conversion |The points scored after a touchdown. | |

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|2 |Defense |The team defending their goal. | | |

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|3 |End Line |The line on the end of the field. | | |

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|4 |End Zone |The 10 yard area between the goal line and the end line. |

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|5 |Field Goal |A type of score worth 3 points, where the ball is kicked through the uprights. |

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|6 |Forward Pass |When the ball is thrown forward. | | |

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|7 |Fumble | |When a player running with the ball, drops it. |

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|8 |Goal Line |The line the offensive team crosses with the ball to score a goal. |

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|9 |Hand Off |When a player hands the ball to another player. |

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|10 |Huddle | |When a team comes together to discuss strategy. |

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|11 |Interception |When a defensive player catches a pass. | |

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|12 |Kick Off | |A type of kick used to start play at the beginning of each half and after each score. |

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|13 |Lateral | |A type of pass where the ball is thrown backwards. |

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|14 |Line of Scrimmage |The imaginary line made by the position of the football, that separates the offensive and defensive teams. |

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|15 |Man-to-Man Defense |A type of defense where one person covers another person. |

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|16 |Offense | |The team with the football, trying to score. | |

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|17 |Offsides |When a player crosses the line-of-scrimmage, before the ball is hiked. |

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|18 |Pass Interference |When a player interferes with a player from the other team trying to catch a pass. |

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|19 |Pass Patterns |A route a player runs to get open, to catch a pass. |

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|20 |Pass Reception |When a player catches a pass. | | |

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|21 |Punt | |A type of kick, that gives the other team posession of the ball. |

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|22 |Safety | |The only score the defense can make, worth 2 points. |

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|23 |Sideline | |The line on the side of the field. | | |

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|24 |Touchdown |When the ball is run across the goal line you score 6 points. |

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|25 |Zone Defense |A type of defense, where the defender covers an area, not a person. |

The Center – gives the ball to the quarterback

The Quarterback – receives the ball from the center and then hands off, throws or runs the ball downfield

The Wide Receiver – runs patterns/routes for passes

The Running Back – takes hands-offs in the breadbasket from the QB or helps to protect the QB

Soccer

Corner Kick - Taken by the OFFENSIVE team when the ball goes out-of-bounds last touched by the DEFENSIVE team.

Dangerous Kick – A kick that could hurt another player.

Dribbling – To move the ball by PUSHING the ball with the sides of the feet.

Forward – The players on a team that are the offensive/scoring players.

Defense - The players on a team that are the defensive/guard the goal players.

Goalkeeper – The player that guards the goal and may touch the ball with their hands.

Goal Kick – Taken by the DEFENSIVE team when the ball goes out-of-bounds last touched by the offensive team.

Goal Line – The lines at the ends of the field. If the ball crosses it and goes through the goal, a point is scored.

Midfielders – The players that cover the entire field, taking the passes from the fullbacks and passing the ball to the forwards.

Kickoff – Putting the ball in play by placing the ball in the middle of the field, and having one team kick the ball forward, starting play.

Marking – Playing MAN-TO-MAN defense with another player from the other team.

Offside – When an offensive player doesn’t have two defenders between them and the goal.

Penalty Arc – The arc outside the penalty box used for penalty kicks.

Penalty Area – The area where the goalie may move and still use their hands. Any penalty done by the defense in this area gives the offense a penalty kick.

Penalty Kick – A kick done from the penalty kick spot after a penalty is committed by the offensive team in the penalty area.

Penalty Spot – The spot a penalty kick is taken from, in front of the other teams goal.

Tackling – Attacking the ball and knocking it away from another player from the other team.

Throw-in – The way the ball is put into play after it goes out-of-bounds over the touch line. 2 Hands 2 Feet Directly Overhead Complete Throw

Sideline/touchline – The line on the side of the field.

Trap – To stop the ball and gain control of it.

* The function(s) of a forward include:

• Shooting

• Dribbling

• Heading

*The function(s) of a midfielder include:

• Vision and pace

• Ability to defend tightly

• Starting the attack at the defensive end

* The primary function (s) of a goalie include:

• Stopping the ball from going into the goal

*The primary function(s) of the defense include:

• Deny the ball to opposing forwards

Basketball

Assist – A pass that directly helps a player score a basket.

Backcourt violation– the offense holds the ball more than 10 seconds in the backcourt.

Baseline – The lines at the ends of the court.

Block Out – To put your body between an opposing player and the ball.

Bounce Pass- Hold ball at chest height thumbs pointing in, push through the ball and inward, the ball bounces on the floor 2/3 of the way to the receiver.

Center - One of the 3 positions on a team, normally a taller player, that stays near the basket to get rebounds.

Chest pass –Hold ball at chest height thumbs pointing in, push through the ball and inward, the ball will travel through the air without touching the ground.

Court -The name of the playing area for basketball. Courts can be different sizes.

Double dribble- a violation when the a player dribbles with two hands or when the player stops dribbling, then starts dribbling again.

Dribbling- use the finger pads to control the ball

Forward -One of three positions on a basketball team. These players are usually big enough to get rebounds, and also have the ability to dribble and shoot from the outside.

Free Throw - A shot rewarded to a player because the defense made a foul.

Front Court -The area of the court away from your basket, where your team tries to make baskets.

Guard - One of three positions on a basketball team. These players are usually smaller and very capable of dribbling and shooting from the outside.

Jump Stop -To dribble, and jump into the air, and while airborne, catch the ball. The player must land on both feet. Now the player is allowed to pivot on either foot.

Key - The area under each basket marked by the rectangle on the floor. The offensive players may only be in that area for 3 seconds, unless the ball is shot.

Layup A type of shot, where the player dribbles to the basket, and without stopping shoots the ball (right/left/hop/shoot).

Man-to-Man - The type defense where one person plays defense against one opposing player. Look at the opponents hip/stomach. Try to see man, see ball. Feet should should be spread.

James Naismith -The man who invented basketball. He was a Y.M.C.A. physical education teacher in Springfield, Mass., and invented the game in 1895.

Passing -Throwing the ball to another player. There are a variety of passes like the baseball, bounce, overhead, blind, and chest passes.

Personal Foul When a player physically fouls an opposing player.

Pivot - To hold onto the ball and move around, legally, by keeping one foot in the same spot.

Rebound - To grab and control a missed shot.

Shooting- use your dominant hand to push the ball and your other hand to guide it.

Sideline -The lines on the sides of the court.

Steal - To intercept a pass or take the ball away from an opposing dribbler.

Technical foul –using profanity/ obscene gestures or physically hitting someone.

Three Point Shot - A shot taken outside the three point arc, and it’s worth 3 points.

Three Second Violation - An offensive player stays in the key for more than 3 seconds.

Traveling -When a player walks with the ball.

Triple threat position- the position your body should be in whenever you catch a pass, ready to shoot, pass or dribble.

Turnover When a player loses the ball to the other team. Example: stepping on the end line during a throw in.

Zone A type of defense where a defensive player covers a certain area or zone, and they play defense against the players that come into that zone.

Volleyball

History

Volleyball was created in 1895 when William G. Morgan, a YMCA instructor in Holyoke, Massachusetts, combined components of basketball and tennis. The game was basically designed as a recreation activity for businessmen but it spread in popularity at summer resorts and playgrounds throughout the United States.

Volleyball was designed as a less strenuous version of basketball. Note the similarities of the balls used in each game. Morgan recognized that the running in basketball created more difficulty so he set out to create a basketball-like game, but without the running. In order to reduce physical contact between opposing teams a net was placed between them. Just as in basketball one team attempts to put the ball in the basket of their opponent, in volleyball one team attempts to put the ball on the court of their opponent.

Fun Facts

← The first game of volleyball was played at Springfield College in 1896.

← In 1994, an indoor volleyball event at Madison Square Garden had $4 million in total prize money.

( Both women and men can play professional volleyball.

( Today, more than 46 million Americans play volleyball.

Benefits of Playing

1. ITS GREAT FOR YOUR HAND-EYE COORDINATION.

2. Volleyball helps you communicate with others and work as a team.

3. You can play indoors or outdoors.

4. It’s a lot of fun

rally Scoring

A VOLLEYBALL GAME IS PLAYED TO 25 OR 30 POINTS DEPENDING ON THE LEVEL OF PLAY. INTERNATIONAL AND HIGH SCHOOL GAMES ARE PLAYED TO 25, WHILE COLLEGIATE VOLLEYBALL IS PLAYED TO 30. A MATCH CAN BE 2 OF 3 OR 3 OF 5 GAMES. THE WINNING TEAM OF THE VOLLEY WINS THE POINT, IT DOES NOT MATTER WHETHER OR NOT THEY ARE SERVING. A LET SERVE IS LEGAL IN RALLY SCORING. THIS IS WHEN THE BALL TOUCHES THE NET AND CONTINUES OVER. WHEN THE SERVING TEAM WINS THE RALLY, THE PLAYER WHO SERVED SERVES AGAIN. WHEN THE RECEIVING TEAM WINS THE RALLY, IT GAINS THE RIGHT TO SERVE AND ROTATES BEFORE ACTUALLY SERVING. EACH TEAM IS ALLOWED THREE HITS TO PUT THE BALL OVER THE NET. A BLOCK DOES NOT COUNT AS ONE OF THE THREE HITS. IF A BALL IS BLOCKED AND GOES TO THE TEAM WHICH BLOCKED IT, THAT TEAM HAS THREE HITS REMAINING TO RETURN THE BALL. IT IS A VIOLATION TO TOUCH THE NET OR ANY PART OF THE NET SYSTEM. A BACK-ROW PLAYER MAY NOT ATTEMPT TO BLOCK A BALL. A BACK-ROW PLAYER MAY ONLY ATTACK IF THEY JUMP FROM BEHIND THE ATTACK LINE.

GENERAL RULES

1. The game begins with the flip of a coin to see which team will serve first.

2. Play begins with a serve by the right back player.

3. Each team will hit the ball a maximum of 3 times in returning it across the net.

4. Six players comprise a team: 3 front line players and 3 back line players (7 may be used).

5. A player may not hit the ball twice in succession.

6. If a ball lands on the boundary line (end lines and sidelines) it is in.

7. When the receiving team wins the rally, it gains the right to serve and rotates before actually serving.

8. When giving the ball to the opposing team you must roll the ball under the net.

9. A ball maybe played off of the net when your team still has a hit left.

10. A ceiling obstruction is any ball that contact an object connected to the ceiling. If this happens and goes over the net it is dead. If the ball comes back on your side and you still have a hit remaining you may play it, otherwise it is dead.

11. Score must be announced before each serve. Ex. 5 serving 1

INFRACTIONS

If any member of the receiving or serving team commits any of the infractions listed, 1 point is credited to the serving team.

1. Serving illegally or serving out of turn.

2. Catching or holding the ball or failing to make a legal return.

3. Touching the ball twice in succession (a row).

4. Contacting (touching) the net. A player is not considered to have touched the net if a hard-driven ball causes the net to touch him or her. (Note: should two opponents contact the net simultaneously, neither player is penalized, and the serve is repeated).

5. Touching the ball when it has already been played 3 times without passing over the net.

6. A player’s foot completely touching the floor on the opposite side of the centerline.

7. Reaching under the net and touching the ball or an opponent while the ball is in the opponent’s court.

8. Changing player positions during the game (until after the serve has been made). Until the serve is made, players on each team must be in their relative playing positions.

9. Violating substitutions, time-out regulations, or unnecessarily delaying the game.

SCORING

1. 1 point is awarded on every rally regardless of which team is serving.

2. A game is won when either team scores 25 points and is winning by 2.

3. The team that first scores two of three or three of five games wins a match.

4. Sides are switched after each game.

5. A let serve is legal in rally scoring. This is when the ball touches the net and continues over.

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