LiveGeography



|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |A label is a simple descriptive point whereas an annotation is an |

|What is the difference between a label and an annotation? |explanatory label. |

| |e.g. outside of meander (label) |

| |outside of a meander which river flows faster due to less friction |

| |(annotation) |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |An aerial photograph is a photograph taken directly from above - |

|What is the difference between an aerial photograph and an oblique |i.e. a birds-eye view, |

|photograph? | |

| |whereas an oblique photograph is one taken from above, but from an |

| |angle. |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

|Briefly describe the main stage in drawing a sketch map |1. Draw a simple box frame (using pencil or black pen) and add grid |

| |lines to act as guidelines |

| |2. Draw any features relevant to the question asked and which will |

| |help make more sense of the map (e.g. roads / major settlements – |

| |use the map key) |

| |3. Add appropriate key, labels and annotations |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

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|How do you work out four-figure grid references? | |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

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|How do you work out six-figure grid references? | |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

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|What does scale mean and what does a scale of 1:50,000 mean? |Scale is the link between real life distances and those shown on a |

| |map. 1:50,000 means that 1cm on the map is equal to 50,000cm in real|

| |life – |

| |i.e. 1cm on a map = 0.5km in real life. |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |Direct, or straight line distance, means measuring the direct |

|If asked to measure distance on a map, what is the difference |distance between two places on a map (i.e. not following roads) |

|between direct or straight line distance and actual distance? |Actual distance, means measuring the distance by roads between two |

| |places. |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

|A. [pic]c. | |

|What landscape features would these contour patterns represent? |A V-shaped valley |

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| |East facing steep sided slope |

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| |Spot height (highest point) |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

|Give examples of physical features that you could describe from a |Relates to natural features - so may include: |

|map. |- relief (shape of land - e.g. contour patterns, shape of land - |

| |e.g. valleys, height above sea level etc.) |

| |- Drainage (e.g. number of rivers, width, lakes, marsh etc.) |

| |- Vegetation - woodland, type vegetation etc. |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |Relates to man-made features / influenced by humans and may include:|

|Give examples of human features that you could describe from a map | |

| |• Land-use (i.e. residential, recreation, industrial etc.USE THE OS |

| |MAP KEY & CATEGORIES TO HELP) |

| |• Communications (i.e. roads, railways etc.) |

| |• Settlement (inc. site, situation, shape (linear, nucleated etc.)) |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |- Give a statement about the general distribution e.g. uneven. |

|How do you describe distributions (patterns) on an atlas map? | |

| |- Give specific examples of trends – highs / lows / clustered or |

| |dispersed – including names and using data from the key. |

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| |- Identify any anomalies (does not fit the trends) – give a specific|

| |example and data to support your point. |

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| |- Be prepared to compare (similarities) and contrast (differences) |

| |between two maps. |

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| |Remember: If asked to describe – DO NOT USE WORDS SUCH AS – SO, AS, |

| |BECAUSE = Explaining = no marks. |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |Never Eat Shredded Wheat |

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|How can I remember compass directions? | |

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| |(You will need to remember the 8 points of a compass) |

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| |Naughty Elephants Squirt Water |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |Cross-sections show the relief (shape of the land) on a map. |

|How do I draw a cross-section graph? |The distance is on the x-axis (horizontal) |

| |The height is on the y-axis (vertical) |

| |How?: |

| |- Find the two points (usually 6-fig grid references) on the map and|

| |draw a straight line using a pencil and ruler. |

| |- Using a strip of paper, mark each point on the line which crosses |

| |a thick orange contour and also note the contour (height) value. |

| |- Place the strip on the x-axis of the graph and plot the points and|

| |values. |

| |- Connect together free-hand using a pencil. |

| |Describing cross-sections: |

| |Relief - contours which are close together = steep / contours far |

| |apart = flat or gentle |

| |Identify other physical features e.g. types of vegetation / woodland|

| |or lakes / mountains |

| |Identify human features e.g. roads / land use |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |This refers to the physical characteristics of the place and the |

|What is meant by the site of a settlement? |land it is built on. |

|What could be included in a description of site? | |

| |S H A W L |

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| |Slope; Height above sea level; Aspect (way slope faces); Water |

| |Supply; Land (e.g. floodplain) |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |The location of a place in relation to other places (e.g. 2 km |

| |northwest of the A428, or located on the south bank of the River |

|What is meant by the situation of a place? |Ouse) etc. |

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| |Remember - P A R C |

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| |Places (nearby Settlements); Accessibility; Relief (near hills etc.)|

| |Communications (e.g. near roads / rivers) |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |Linear Settlement - where buildings are located either side of a |

|Define the following terms: |main road |

|- Linear Settlement | |

|- Nucleated Settlement |Nucleated Settlement - where buildings are grouped together (often |

|- Dispersed Settlement |at a crossroads or around a village green) |

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| |Dispersed Settlement - where individual buildings are spread out |

| |around an area |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |1. Choose an appropriate scale for the x and y axis and draw up the |

| |axis on graph paper using a ruler and sharp pencil |

|Describe the stages involved in constructing a bar chart |2. Draw each bar to the correct value (leaving a gap between each |

| |bar) |

| |3. Label each axis and add a title |

| |4. Colour each bar and add a key |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |Advantages: |

| |- can easily compare 2 or 3 data sets - can estimate values from a |

|Give 3 advantages of using Bar Graphs and also state a disadvantage |glance - summarises large data sets in visual form |

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| |Disadvantages: |

| |- can only be used with discrete data |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |Located bar charts help to give spatial relevance to data and |

|Give one advantage of a located bar chart over a normal bar graph |therefore help identify differences between places enabling easy |

| |visual comparison |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |Data which has values which are distinct and separate (i.e. they can|

|What is meant by Discrete Data? |be counted - e.g. 1,2 3)). Examples include gender (male, female); |

| |blood group (O A B AB) |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |Data that can take any value (within a range). You can count, order |

|What is meant by Continuous Data? |and measure continuous data Examples: heights e.g. 1.2metres 10.6 |

| |metres. People's heights could be any value (within the range of |

| |human heights), not just certain fixed heights. |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |Histograms show continuous data and therefore bars are drawn |

| |touching each other, |

|Describe the difference between a bar graph and a Histogram | |

| |whereas bar graphs show discrete data and each bar should have a |

| |small gap between them. |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |A compound bar graph allows you to show the proportions between a |

| |range of datasets which are identified using a key. |

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| |The total can be interpreted as well as the differences between the |

| |datasets by subtracting one from the others. |

|What are compound bar graphs? | |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |An isoline joins places of equal value and show the distribution of |

| |a variable over an area. |

|What is meant by an isoline? | |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |- Isohyets - join places of equal rainfall |

|What data to the following isolines show? | |

|- Isohyets |- Contour Lines - join places of equal height |

|- Contour Lines | |

|- Isochrones |- Isochrones - join places which are of equal time distance from an |

|- Isobars |area |

|- Isovels | |

| |- Isobars - join places of equal air pressure |

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| |- Isovels - join places of equal velocity in a river |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

|Describe the stages involved in constructing an isoline map |1. Draw / find a base map showing the relevant area |

| |2. Identify and name the places of origin and destination of flow |

| |3. Look at range of values of the flow and decide on appropriate |

| |scales |

| |4. Draw on the flow lines - tail of arrow should be in country where|

| |the flow began and arrow should point to the UK |

| |5. Add a scale, title and shade the arrow to make them clearer. |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |Advantages: |

| |1. good for showing gradual changes over space |

|Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of isolines |2. avoids the abrupt changes shown on choropleth maps |

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| |Disadvantages: |

| |1. requires a large amount of data for accurate drawing |

| |2. unsuitable for showing discontinuous patchy distributions |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |These lines can be used to show direction and movement |

| |- the direction of the line representing the direction of the flow |

| |and; |

|What are flow lines used for? |- the thickness of the line representing the volume of flow. |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |1. Pedestrian flows around a CBD |

|Give examples of data that could be shown using flow lines. | |

| |2. Traffic flows between a settlement and surrounding villages |

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| |3. Migration to or from the UK |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |An advantage is that it gives a strong visual impression of both |

|Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using a flow line map |volume of movement and direction of movement between 2 places. |

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| |However |

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| |A disadvantage is that parts of the map can get very crowded and |

| |make it more difficult to interpret |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

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|What criteria need to be met to use a Triangular Graph to represent |The data set needs to be made up of 3 parts and each needs to be in |

|a data set? |% adding up to 100% |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |1. Employment Structure (i.e. % working in primary, secondary and |

|Give examples of data which could be represented using a triangular |tertiary industry) |

|graph | |

| |2. Land use (i.e. % residential, recreational and industrial) |

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| |3. Soil Texture (i.e. % sand, % clay and % loam) |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |1. A large number of data can be shown one graph |

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|Give 3 advantages of a Triangular Graph |2. Enables data to be classified easily |

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| |3. A sophisticated technique showing information about several |

| |variables on one graph |

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| |4. Dominant characteristics can be shown clearly |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

|Describe 7 characteristics of the population pyramid of a LIC |-Shape: Triangle = e.g. Philippines (LIC) |

| |-Wide base = high birth rate = youthful population |

| |-Narrowing quickly at 5-9 years = high infant mortality |

| |-Narrow top = high death rate and low life expectancy |

| |-Growth rate: Low |

| |-DTM: Stage 1 |

| |-Future: More like Brazil |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |-Shape: Concave = e.g. Germany |

|Describe 6 characteristics of the population pyramid of a HIC |-Narrow base = low birth rate |

| |-Wide top = low death rate & high life expectancy = ageing |

| |population |

| |-Growth rate: Low |

| |-DTM: Stage 4 |

| |-Future: Continue to become wider at the top and narrower at the |

| |bottom = DTM Stage 5 (declining population) |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |Rose or ray diagrams tend to be used to show the movement of groups |

|What is a rose or ray diagram? |of people. The length of the arrow would be the number of people and|

| |the arrow direction shows where the people come from. |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |Compound line graphs show continuous data for a number of variables.|

| |Similar to compound bar graphs. |

| |Disadvantage: They can be some of the hardest graphs to interpret. |

|What is a compound line graph? | |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |These maps are shaded according to a range of values. For example |

|What is a choropleth map? |showing population density |

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| |Disadvantage: May not show variations within an area. |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |1. Locate an appropriate base map for the study area |

| |2. Select the groupings to be mapped - rind the range of values and |

|Describe the basic stages in constructing a choropleth map |devise a shading scale |

| |3. Choose an appropriate shading to use (could be one colour - |

| |highest values represented by darkest colour) |

| |4. Shade map neatly and add a key to show the ranges |

| |5. Give map a title. |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |Advantage - gives a good visual impression of the data and changes |

| |over space - patterns can easily be identified |

|State one advantage and one disadvantage of a choropleth map |Disadvantage - can hid variations within an area (and if too many |

| |categories - can be difficult to distinguish between shades) |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |Dispersion graphs show the range of a date set, they can be useful |

| |for showing the tendency of a data set to cluster or disperse. |

|What is a dispersion graph and why use it? | |

| |Dispersion graphs can also be useful for comparing the range of two |

| |data sets |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

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|What is meant by a proportional symbol? |A proportional symbol - e.g. proportional circles, are drawn in a |

| |proportion that represents the size of the value that is being |

| |presented. |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |1. Proportional symbol maps are not dependent on the size of the |

|Give 2 advantages and one weakness of using proportional symbols |area associated with the variable so all areas have equal visual |

| |importance |

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| |2. provides a quick visual comparison of a variable between 2 |

| |places. |

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| |Weakness: Scale must be appropriate to fit presentation. |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |Scattergraphs can be used to see if there is a relationship between |

|What are scatter graphs used for? |two sets of data and can indicate the nature of the relationship – |

| |whether positive or negative. |

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| |Weakness: Can take time to construct. |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |A best fit line is used to indicate the strength of a relationship |

|Why is a best fit line used for on a scattergraph? |(positive or negative) shown between two variables on a scattergraph|

| |and also help to identify outliers (anomalies) |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |The independent variable is plotted on the x axis and the dependent |

|On a scattergraph - how do you decide which variable is plotted on |variable (i.e. the variable that is believed to rely on the other) |

|the x axis and which variable is plotted on the y-axis? |is plotted on the y axis. |

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| |For example - GNP and Birth Rate: GNP is a measure of wealth and |

| |will affect Birth Rate - therefore GNP is the independent variable |

| |and is plotted on the x-axis whereas Birth Rate is the independent |

| |variable and is plotted on the y axis. |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |Advantages: |

|Evaluate the usefulness of a pie chart as a graphical technique |- Visually very clear |

| |- shows % total for each category (easy comparison) |

| |- commonly used technique - easy to understand |

| |- can also make circle size proportional to total quantity |

| |represented |

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| |Disadvantages |

| |- doesn't provide much numerical data |

| |- hard to compare 2 data sets |

| |- if more than 3-6 categories - difficult to read |

| |- can only be used with discrete data |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |A pictogram uses symbols to show the data that you want to present. |

|Describe what is meant by a pictogram |Each symbol stands for a certain quantity - e.g. for a pictogram |

| |showing a traffic count - one picture of a car may represent 10 cars|

| |in reality. |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |On topological diagrams, the position of the place remains the same |

| |but the distance and direction are not so important. |

|What is a topological diagram? | |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

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|What is a hypothesis? |Hypothesis is a statement which needs to be proved or disproved |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |- Can use a handheld GPS to get accurate location information which |

| |can be used to show data linked to specific locations within a GIS |

| |- can collect qualitative data using digital cameras which can be |

|Give 4 advantages of using ICT in the collection of data |used to help explain findings / anomalies |

| |- can access data that may not otherwise have been available - e.g. |

| |secondary data from internet |

| |- can ensure greater accuracy in readings and automatic collection |

| |to enable studies of change over time (using data loggers) |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | - often requires expensive equipment (e.g. data loggers / Global |

| |Positioning Systems) |

|Give 3 disadvantages of using ICT in the collection of data |- may require specific software to actually make use of the data |

| |collected using data loggers etc. |

| |- data from the internet may have some bias (need to consider |

| |reliability) |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |1. Identify a source for satellite images, e.g. through a google |

| |search, or using a specific programme such as Google Earth. |

|What steps would you take to download a satellite image to help with|2. Once located image - right click and save, or print screen image |

|data presentation in a geographical enquiry? |3. Image can then be pasted within text and given a title. |

| |Annotations can be made using text boxes. |

| |4. A figure number should be given so that it can be made reference |

| |to in text and the source of the image added. |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |- provides the ability to process, search and query data using GIS |

| |- can save time - some graphical techniques and statistical tests |

| |are time consuming by hand (time saved can be spent on interpreting |

|Give 4 advantages of using ICT in the presentation and analysis of |findings) |

|data |- wide variety of different graphs can be produced quickly |

| |- base maps can be produced quickly |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |- may require particular computer programmes (may be expensive) |

| |- need to ensure type of graph chosen is appropriate for data being |

|Give 4 disadvantages of using ICT in the presentation and analysis |presented |

|of data |- accuracy of graphs produced will only be as accurate as the raw |

| |data |

| |- some inaccuracies may occur during data input |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |GIS is a Geographical Information System - it is software tool that |

|What is meant by GIS? |is available to geographers to aid the mapping and spatial analysis |

| |of data and information. It enables data to plotted and interrogated|

| |digitally in a map form. GIS can involve the layering of data, to |

| |overlay different data sets and look for spatial patterns and |

| |relationships therefore enabling us to make sense of large amounts |

| |of data |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |1. Emergency Services - ambulances use GIS to improve response time |

| |to identify where the nearest ambulance is to an emergency. A |

|Give 2 ways in which GIS can be used in society. |traffic map can help controllers make a decision on which ambulance |

| |to send, depending on how close and any traffic congestion / road |

| |works. |

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| |2. GIS is used to provide navigation systems in cars |

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| |3. Utility companies use GIS to locate and manage water, drains, gas|

| |and electricity supplies. |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |GIS enables large amounts of data to be shown on one map. Each data |

| |set represents a different layer which is superimposed on a map, so |

|What does layering in GIS? |different layers can be switched on and off as required to add |

| |further detail to a map - e.g. a layer showing relief of land, a |

| |layer showing names of settlement, a layer showing position of |

| |rivers etc. |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS |- provides ability to show lots of information on one map |

| |- information can be linked together to help identify spatial |

| |patterns / support analysis of data |

|Give 3 advantages of GIS |- more and more people have access to GIS - e.g. i-phones etc. |

| |- GIS used by many public services to improve services offered |

| |- GPS combined with GIS has made travelling between places easier |

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|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |- May require expensive software and a computer which needs keeping |

|Give 3 disadvantages of GIS |updated |

| |- Some software is complicated to use / may require training |

| |- if too many layers or data are added to a map it can be difficult |

| |to interpret |

| |- GIS produces maps - but skills is still required to interpret the |

| |maps in a geographical context. |

|EMS Geography GCSE Revision: Question(s) |Answer(s) |

|GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS | |

| |- upload photographs onto Google Earth using place marks |

|How could you improve a geographical enquiry using GIS? |- Measure straight line distances and irregular lines |

| |- Locate study areas and access aerial photographs |

| |- Link data / graphs collected with specific places in a GIS system |

| | |

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