Computer Networking : Principles, Protocols and Practice

[Pages:272]Computer Networking : Principles, Protocols and Practice

Release

Olivier Bonaventure

Apr 24, 2019

Contents

1 Preface

3

1.1 About the author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Part 1: Principles

5

2.1 Connecting two hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.2 Building a network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.3 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

2.4 The transport layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

2.5 Naming and addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

2.6 Sharing resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

2.7 The reference models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

2.8 Network security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

3 Part 2: Protocols

113

3.1 The application layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

3.2 The Domain Name System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

3.3 Electronic mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

3.4 Remote login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

3.5 The HyperText Transfer Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

3.6 Remote Procedure Calls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

3.7 Transport Layer Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

3.8 Securing the Domain Name System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

3.9 Internet transport protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

3.10 The User Datagram Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

3.11 The Transmission Control Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

3.12 The Stream Control Transmission Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

3.13 Congestion control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174

3.14 The network layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

3.15 The IPv6 subnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

3.16 Routing in IP networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

3.17 Intradomain routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

3.18 Interdomain routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

3.19 Datalink layer technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

4 Appendices

243

4.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

4.2 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

4.3 Indices and tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Bibliography

249

Index

263

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Computer Networking : Principles, Protocols and Practice, Release

Contents

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Computer Networking : Principles, Protocols and Practice, Release

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Contents

CHAPTER 1

Preface

This is the current draft of the second edition of the Computer Networking : Principles, Protocols and Practice. The first edition of this ebook has been written by Olivier Bonaventure. Laurent Vanbever, Virginie Van den Schriek, Damien Saucez and Mickael Hoerdt have contributed to exercises. Pierre Reinbold designed the icons used to represent switches and Nipaul Long has redrawn many figures in the SVG format. Stephane Bortzmeyer sent many suggestions and corrections to the text. Additional information about the textbook is available at Note: Computer Networking : Principles, Protocols and Practice, (c) 2011, Olivier Bonaventure, Universite catholique de Louvain (Belgium) and the collaborators listed above, used under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license made possible by funding from The Saylor Foundation's Open Textbook Challenge in order to be incorporated into ' collection of open courses available at . Full license terms may be viewed at :

1.1 About the author

Olivier Bonaventure is currently professor at Universite catholique de Louvain (Belgium) where he leads the IP Networking Lab . His research has been focused on Internet protocols for more than twenty years. Together with his Ph.D. students, he has developed traffic engineering techniques, performed various types of Internet measurements, improved the performance of routing protocols such as BGP and IS-IS and participated to the development of new Internet protocols including shim6, LISP and Multipath TCP. He frequently contributes to standardisation within the IETF.

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Computer Networking : Principles, Protocols and Practice, Release

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Chapter 1. Preface

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