Semester 1 Exam Study Guide



Semester 1 Exam Study Guide

Unit 1

Review all of the guidelines in the safety handout, “Safety First!”

What should you do if chemicals are splashed on someone’s clothes?

What should you do if chemicals are splashed into someone’s eyes?

What is the proper procedure for mixing acid and water?

What are the steps of the scientific method? What does each step mean?

What is an independent variable?

What is a dependent variable?

What is a control? a constant?

Review the metric conversion chart.

What is the basic unit of mass? of volume? of distance?

The metric system (S.I.) is based on units of ____?

How do you convert grams to kilograms?

How do you convert liters to milliliters?

What is the freezing point of water? ______0C. boiling point? ______0C.

room temperature? ______0C. body temperature? ______0C.

Know how to read a graduated cylinder.

What experiment did Redi perform? Why?

Review the experiments of Redi, Needham, Spallanzani, and Pasteur. What concept did they test?

What are the 5 types of microscopes?

Which microscope do we use?

Which microscopes are the most powerful?

Which microscopes scan the surface?

Which microscopes show the insides of objects?

What are the magnifications of the lenses on our microscopes? (include the ocular or eyepiece)

Review the parts of a microscope.

What is homeostasis?

King Phillip Came Over For Good Salami. What does each of these words stand for? What is a species?

Unit 2 Chemistry:

|Atomic particles |Location in the atom |charge |What is it called when one of these particles is |

| | | |gained or lost? |

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Chemical bonds:

|Name of bond |Strongest? |Two weakest? |Between atoms or between molecules? |

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Which bond shares electrons? Which bond donates an electron?

What is the atomic number? What is the atomic mass?

Be able to read a periodic chart. How do you determine the number of protons in a atom? neutrons? electrons?

What is pH and what does it measure?

What are examples of acids?

What are examples of bases?

Which is a stronger acid, pH 5.1 or pH 5.2?

In a chemical reaction, what are the reactants, what are the products?

What is an exothermic reaction? Endothermic?

What is the term for the energy to get a reaction started?

What is a solution? a solute? a solvent? a suspension?

What is an enzyme? What does it do to the rate of a chemical reaction? to the activation energy? What type of organic compound is it?

Where does the substrate bind to an enzyme?

|Organic compound |Monomer |Polymer |Example of monomer or | |

| | | |polymer | |

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Unit 3 Cells

What is the cell theory?

What structures are found in all living organisms?

Does a bacterium have a nucleus? What type of organism is a bacterium?

What type of organism has membrane-bound organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum?

Know what Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek were known for.

Know the organelles and their function.

Know the structure and function of the cell membrane, including protein channels.

What is diffusion? osmosis? Understand what happens during osmosis.

What kind of transport uses energy?

What is facilitated transport?

What is cell specialization?

What is a tissue, organ, organ system? Give examples.

Mitosis

What occurs at each phase of the cell cycle – G1, S, G2, and M

What is the role of the spindle fibers during mitosis?

What are the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?

Division of the cytoplasm is called ________________________ and starts in what phase of mitosis?

What is a tumor?

Cyclins are proteins that ______________________________

The structure labeled X in Figure 10-5 is a _______________

The structure labeled Y in Figure 10-5 is a _______________

What is the longest phase of the cell cycle? _______________

During Interphase, DNA is in long strands which can be read called _______________. During cell division the DNA condenses into _______________.

Know what else happens during each phase of mitosis?

The process shown in this figure occurs directly following mitosis. This process is called _______________.

The structure labeled A in the figure is called the _______________

Be able to identify sister chromosomes and centromeres.

Identification – Write the correct phase of the cell cycle for each cell. Use the terms metaphase, prophase, interphase, telophase, anaphase.

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A B C D E

Identify each of the phases shown above.

Place the cells in the correct order

Onion root tip cells were examined. The number of cells in each phase was counted and recorded in the table below.

|Interphase |Prophase |Metaphase |Anaphase |Telophase |Total cells |

|71 |10 |15 |1 |3 |100 |

Which phase of mitosis is the longest according to this data?

Prophase takes up what percentage of the cell cycle according to this data?

➢ Lab Review – review the enzyme and osmosis labs!

➢ Can you (1) add standard deviation bars to a graph and (2) read a trendline?

➢ Know how to determine SA/V ratio and what it means for the cell.

Enzyme Lab

1. Graph the data (means) and draw standard deviation bars.

|Table 1: Minutes of Homework Daily Per Subject |

|Student groups |Science |English |

|Mean |15 |26 |

|Standard Deviation |3.1 |6.5 |

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Osmosis Lab

1. What is the concentration of solute of the animal cell in this graph?

2. Is a 0.2M solution a hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic solution?

3. What happens to an animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

Cell Size

1. Complete the table below.

2. Which cell in the table below will allow a diffused substance to reach the center the fastest?

|Cell Size (cm) |Surface Area (cm2) |Volume (cm3) |SA : V* |

|1 x 1 x 1 | | | |

|2 x 2 x 2 | | | |

|8 x 8 x 8 | | | |

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Figure 10-5

1st: D, 2nd: _____, 3rd: _____, 4th: _____, 5th: _____

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