International Rice Research Institute



1) Laser land leveling is essential for crop establishment when direct dry-seeding rice.

2) Type of cultivar - Hybrid rice; scented basmati rice; vigorous, quick growing, competitive open pollinated varieties (see chart on back for examples) perform best for direct seeding.

3) Precision planting technique and timing is crucial for quick and uniform crop establishment.

4) Seed priming, seed rate, and seed depth are the key to early germination and emergence of seedlings.

5) Fertilizer management - Apply full dose of N, P, and K as instructed by the ‘Nutrient Manager’ program. nmrice

6) Weed management - weeds are a major concern for high productivity of direct seeded rice but reducing tillage combined with retained residues and effective system-based weed management during the early stages of growth are crucial to overcome the weed problem.

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Laser Land Leveling

Direct Seeded Rice Cultivars

|Western UP & Haryana|CSR-30, Pusa 1121 (Sugandha 4), Pusa 2511 |

| |(Sugandha 5), PRH-10, Pusa Basmati-1, |

| |Tarawadi Basmati, PAU 201, Pant Dhan-12, |

| |Sharbati, Arize 6129, Proagro 6444 |

|Eastern UP |NDR 359, Sarjoo-52, Mahsoori, Swarna MTU |

| |7029, Moti, PAU 201, Arize 6129, Proagro |

| |6444 |

|Tarai of Uttaranchal|Nidhi, UPRI-92-79, Narendra-359 and PD 4, |

| |Sarbati, PR-113, HKR-120, Sarjoo-52 |

|Bihar |Rajendra Mahsuri-1, Swarna, MTU 1001,PAU |

| |201, NDR 359, Prabhat, PHB -71, Proagro |

| |6444, RH 664 (Hybrids) |

|Tarai of Nepal |Sona Masuli, Hardinath, Radha-4, Radha-11 |

|Bangladesh |BRRI Dhan 33, BRRI Dhan 39, BRRI Dhan 44 |

| |and Zata |

|Multi location |IET 9994, Vikas, Rasi, Krishna hamsa |

|trials by DRR | |

|Hyderabad | |

WHAT IS DIRECT SEEDED RICE?

Direct seeded rice is a resource conserving technology for growing rice. Dry primed seed is planted into a dry seedbed using a seed-cum-fertilizer drill.

BENEFITS OF DIRECT SEEDING…

20% water savings – Direct dry-seeded rice does not require puddling and continuous flooding which conserves a significant amount of irrigation water without decreasing yields.

Labor savings – Direct seeding eliminates the need for transplanting rice which reduces planting labor needs from 30 people/ha to 2 people/ha and reduces sowing time from 4 days to 4 hours per hectare.

Land Preparation & Planting

❖ Laser Leveling & Water Management

Laser land leveling is required for success with direct seeded rice. It is necessary for uniform seed depth and even water application. Sufficient ground moisture from 15 days to grain filling is essential.

❖ Seed priming

Pre-hydrate seeds for 10-12 hours then dry primed seeds in shade. Treat with bavistin and thirum when practicing pre-seeding irrigation.

❖ Planting technique

Use planters with precise seed metering devices such as inclined plate, cupped metering, or vertical plates. Pre-seeding irrigation followed by planking or roller after seeding is important for good initial stand establishment.

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Seed metering devices: A) Cupped system B) Inclined plate C) Vertical plate

❖ Seed rate

Max seed rate for medium-fine grain is 15-20kg/ha

❖ Seed depth

Optimal depth for direct seeding is 2-3cm (use depth control wheels and spirit level to check level of planters).

❖ Planting time

Plant 10-12 days before the monsoons start. Sowing after pre-seeding irrigation or dry seeding followed by irrigation aids crop establishment.

Fertilizer Management

❖ Apply N during basal, tillering, and panicle initiation based on Leaf Color Chart (LCC)

❖ 50% of recommended dose of N may be applied at sowing using a seed-cum-fertilizer drill/planter IF previous crop residue was retained (apply remaining N based on LCC)

❖ Base N for hybrid and high yielding inbred varieties on LCC 4

❖ Base N for scented basmati rice on LCC 3

❖ Apply slightly more P to direct seeded rice

❖ Zinc and iron sulphates help improve health of young direct seeded plants

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Weed Management

Stale seed bed: Pre-seed irrigate, then use herbicide before sowing to reduce weed population (see Glyphosate and Paraquat).

Surface mulch: Retain crop residues as mulch on the surface to provide physical barriers for emerging weeds. Plant inter-row cover crops like mungbean or cowpea in the absence of residues to help suppress weeds.

Sesbania co-culture (Brown Manuring): Grow rice and Sesbania crops together then kill Sesbania after 25-30 days with 2, 4-D ester at 0.40-0.50 kg ha-1 to reduce weeds up to 50% without decreasing yield.

Chemical weed control

❖ Herbicide rotation is imperative for effective management to avoid weed resistance to herbicides.

❖ Use flat-fan nozzle and multiple-nozzle booms for spraying.

❖ Do not allow animals to graze in field.

*High soil moisture required for herbicide*

|Pre-planting Herbicides |

|Lightly irrigate to force weeds under stress to germinate |

|Glyphosate |Use on perennial weeds 5-7 days before seeding at 1 |

| |kg ai/ha in 500L water ha-1 |

|Paraquat |Use on annual weeds 4-5hrs before seeding at 0.5kg ai|

| |in 400L water ha-1 |

|*In Cyperus effected field mix 2,4-D (250g ai/ha) with 1 kg |

|Glyphosate |

|Pre-emergence Herbicides |

|Apply to moist soil right after planting |

|Pendimethalin |1 kg ai/ha – Apply in clod free, moist soil on |

| |same day of sowing to 3 days after sowing (DAS) |

|Pyrazosulfuron |20 g ai/ha 12-20 DAS |

|Post-emergence Herbicides |

|Use boom fitted with 2-3 flat-fan nozzles in 500 L water ha-1 |

|*Saturate soil after applying* |

|Controls grasses, broadleaf, and sedges (not Leptochloa): |

|Bispyribac |25g ai/ha at 15-25 DAS |

|Penoxsulam |22.5g ai/ha 15 DAS |

|For Leptochloa, Eragrostis, D. aegyptium, & Cynodon dactylon: |

|Fenoxaprop |60g ai/ha 15-21 DAS |

|*Follow instructions to avoid | |

|incorrect or early application | |

|which causes toxicity in rice | |

|Combinations: |

|Bispyribac + azimsulfuron |25 +17.5g ai/ha 12-20 DAS to |

|*Saturate soil |control C. Rotundus |

|Fenoxaprop + ethoxysulfuron |60+18g ai/ha for heavy |

|*Saturate soil |broadleaf and sedges with |

| |grasses |

|Propanil + Triclopyr |3kg + 500g ai/ha mixed weed |

|*Saturate soil |flora at 15-25 DAS |

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North India

Direct Dry Seeded Rice

6 Rules for DSR

Seed-cum-fertilizer Drill

For more information, visit CSISA Knowledge Bank and Rice Knowledge Bank

Developed with input from: Ravi Gopal, RK Jat, RK Malik, Virender Kumar, MM Alam, ML Jat, MA Mazid, YS Saharawat, Andrew McDonald, Raj Gupta, Ravi G Singh, H.S. Sidhu, U.P. Singh, B.R. Kamboj, Vicky Singh, Israil Hussain, D.P. Sherchan, Aqil Khan, V.P. Singh, & S.G. Patil

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