Varietal discrimination of Basmati rice in north - west India

Varietal discrimination of Basmati rice in northwest India

A. N. Singh*, Dharmesh Verma** and M. H. Kalubarme *Global Institute of Land, Water and Environment Management, Lucknow, India

** United Phosphorous Ltd., India *** BISAG, Gandhinagar, India

What is Basmati Rice?

? Basmati is a premium long grained aromatic rice grown in a specific geoenvironment , i.e. NW India and parts of Pakistan for centuries. Documentary evidences show that Basmati has been grown in this area for more than 250 years (Nene, 2003).

? Its high value stems from its unique eating qualities, which includes aroma in both the raw and cooked state, kernel length 7 mm or more, excellent linear elongation on cooking almost double its kernel length, soft and flaky consistency of cooked rice.

? Basmati 370, Taraori Basmati, Type3 and Ranbir Basmati are the Traditional Basmati varieties grown in Punjab, Haryana, western U.P. , Uttarakhand and J&K. These are tall (140-148 cm plant ht.),145-150 d growing period, kernel length varying from 6.9 to 7.3 mm, breadth 1.7 to 1.9 mm, kernel elongation ratio after cooking 1.8 to2.1 .

Evolved Basmati varieties

? Pusa Basmati-1, Pusa-1121, CSR-30 and Pusa-1509 are the varieties evolved (recently bred) Basmati having traditional Basmati varieties as one of the parent. These varieties are being grown in a larger area now due to higher yield.

? Factors favouring aroma in Basmati are cool temp. during flowering and grain development (25 degree C/ 31 degree C night/day temp. during crop maturity), use of organic manures, fertile, light-textured and well-drained soil, direct sowing, etc.

Objectives of study

The study, commissioned by the Agricultural Products Export Development Agency (APEDA), Govt. of India, had the following objectives: ? Remote Sensing data based area estimate of traditional and evolved

Basmati varieties in Punjab (21 dist.), Haryana (20), western Uttar Pradesh (26), Uttarakhand (4), Jammu & Kashmir (2), and Himachal Pradesh (2). ? CCE based yield prediction in different districts/regions. ? Monthly report on Basmati during its cropping season ? growth, crop condition, biotic and abiotic stresses ? Annual change in area under basmati varieties.

Study Area

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