Data Booklet - W.J. Mouat Chemistry 12 Home Page

[Pages:10]Data Booklet

CHEMISTRY 12

Work done in this booklet will not be marked.

? Ministry of Education

Revised January 2000

CONTENTS

Page Table

1

Periodic Table of the Elements

2

Atomic Masses of the Elements

3

Names, Formulae, and Charges of Some Common Ions

4

Solubility of Common Compounds in Water

5

Solubility Product Constants at 25?C

6

Relative Strengths of Br?nsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

7

Acid-base Indicators

8

Standard Reduction Potentials of Half-cells

REFERENCE

D.R. Lide, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 80th edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1999.

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

1

H

Hydrogen

1.0

3

Li

Lithium

6.9

11

Na

Sodium

23.0

19

K

Potassium

39.1

37

Rb

Rubidium

85.5

55

Cs

Cesium

132.9

87

Fr

Francium

(223)

4

Be

Beryllium

9.0

12

Mg

Magnesium

24.3

20

Ca

Calcium

40.1

38

Sr

Strontium

87.6

56

Ba

Barium

137.3

88

Ra

Radium

(226)

21

Sc

Scandium

45.0

39

Y

Yttrium

88.9

57

La

Lanthanum

138.9

89

Ac

Actinium

(227)

22

Ti

Titanium

47.9

40

Zr

Zirconium

91.2

72

Hf

Hafnium

178.5

104

Rf

Rutherfordium

(261)

23

V

Vanadium

50.9

41

Nb

Niobium

92.9

73

Ta

Tantalum

180.9

105

Db

Dubnium

(262)

14

Si

Silicon

28.1

24

Cr

Chromium

52.0

42

Mo

Molybdenum

95.9

74

W

Tungsten

183.8

106

Sg

Seaborgium

(263)

25

Mn

Manganese

54.9

43

Tc

Technetium

(98)

75

Re

Rhenium

186.2

107

Bh

Bohrium

(262)

Atomic Number Symbol Name Atomic Mass

26

Fe

Iron

55.8

44

Ru

Ruthenium

101.1

76

Os

Osmium

190.2

108

Hs

Hassium

(265)

27

Co

Cobalt

58.9

45

Rh

Rhodium

102.9

77

Ir

Iridium

192.2

109

Mt

Meitnerium

(266)

28

Ni

Nickel

58.7

46

Pd

Palladium

106.4

78

Pt

Platinum

195.1

29

Cu

Copper

63.5

47

Ag

Silver

107.9

79

Au

Gold

197.0

30

Zn

Zinc

65.4

48

Cd

Cadmium

112.4

80

Hg

Mercury

200.6

13

14

15

16

5

B

Boron

10.8

13

Al

Aluminum

27.0

31

Ga

Gallium

69.7

49

In

Indium

114.8

81

Ti

Thallium

204.4

6

C

Carbon

12.0

14

Si

Silicon

28.1

32

Ge

Germanium

72.6

50

Sn

Tin

118.7

82

Pb

Lead

207.2

7

N

Nitrogen

14.0

15

P

Phosphorus

31.0

33

As

Arsenic

74.9

51

Sb

Antimony

121.8

83

Bi

Bismuth

209.0

8

O

Oxygen

16.0

16

S

Sulphur

32.1

34

Se

Selenium

79.0

52

Te

Tellurium

127.6

84

Po

Polonium

(209)

17

9

F

Fluorine

19.0 17

Cl

Chlorine

35.5 35

Br

Bromine

79.9 53

I

Iodine

126.9 85

At

Astatine

(210)

18

2

He

Helium

4.0

10

Ne

Neon

20.2

18

Ar

Argon

39.9

36

Kr

Krypton

83.8

54

Xe

Xenon

131.3

86

Rn

Radon

(222)

? 1 ?

Based on mass of C12 at 12.00.

Values in parentheses are the masses of the most stable or best known isotopes for elements which do not occur naturally.

58

Ce

Cerium

140.1

90

Th

Thorium

232.0

59

Pr

Praseodymium

140.9

60

Nd

Neodymium

144.2

91

Pa

Protactinium

231.0

92

U

Uranium

238.0

61

Pm

Promethium

(145)

93

Np

Neptunium

(237)

62

Sm

Samarium

150.4

94

Pu

Plutonium

(244)

63

Eu

Europium

152.0

95

Am

Americium

(243)

64

Gd

Gadolinium

157.3

96

Cm

Curium

(247)

65

Tb

Terbium

158.9

97

Bk

Berkelium

(247)

66

Dy

Dysprosium

162.5

98

Cf

Californium

(251)

67

Ho

Holmium

164.9

99

Es

Einsteinium

(252)

68

Er

Erbium

167.3

100

Fm

Fermium

(257)

69

Tm

Thulium

168.9

101

Md

Mendelevium

(258)

70

Yb

Ytterbium

173.0

102

No

Nobelium

(259)

71

Lu

Lutetium

175.0

103

Lr

Lawrencium

(262)

ATOMIC MASSES OF THE ELEMENTS

Based on mass of C12 at 12.00. Values in parentheses are the mass number of the most stable or best

known isotopes for elements that do not occur naturally.

Element

Symbol

Actinium

Ac

Aluminum

Al

Americium

Am

Antimony

Sb

Argon

Ar

Arsenic

As

Astatine

At

Barium

Ba

Berkelium

Bk

Beryllium

Be

Bismuth

Bi

Boron

B

Bromine

Br

Cadmium

Cd

Calcium

Ca

Californium Cf

Carbon

C

Cerium

Ce

Cesium

Cs

Chlorine

Cl

Chromium

Cr

Cobalt

Co

Copper

Cu

Curium

Cm

Dubnium

Db

Dysprosium Dy

Einsteinium Es

Erbium

Er

Europium

Eu

Fermium

Fm

Fluorine

F

Francium

Fr

Gadolinium Gd

Gallium

Ga

Germanium Ge

Gold

Au

Hafnium

Hf

Helium

He

Holmium

Ho

Hydrogen

H

Indium

In

Iodine

I

Iridium

Ir

Iron

Fe

Krypton

Kr

Lanthanum

La

Lawrencium Lr

Lead

Pb

Lithium

Li

Lutetium

Lu

Magnesium Mg

Manganese

Mn

Mendelevium Md

Atomic Number

89 13 95 51 18 33 85 56 97 4 83 5 35 48 20 98 6 58 55 17 24 27 29 96 105 66 99 68 63 100 9 87 64 31 32 79 72 2 67 1 49 53 77 26 36 57 103 82 3 71 12 25 101

Atomic Mass

(227) 27.0

(243) 121.8 39.9 74.9 (210) 137.3 (247)

9.0 209.0 10.8 79.9 112.4 40.1 (251) 12.0 140.1 132.9 35.5 52.0 58.9 63.5 (247) (262) 162.5 (252) 167.3 152.0 (257) 19.0 (223) 157.3 69.7 72.6 197.0 178.5

4.0 164.9

1.0 114.8 126.9 192.2 55.8 83.8 138.9 (262) 207.2

6.9 175.0 24.3 54.9 (258)

Element

Symbol

? 2 ?

Mercury

Hg

Molybdenum Mo

Neodymium Nd

Neon

Ne

Neptunium

Np

Nickel

Ni

Niobium

Nb

Nitrogen

N

Nobelium

No

Osmium

Os

Oxygen

O

Palladium

Pd

Phosphorus P

Platinum

Pt

Plutonium

Pu

Polonium

Po

Potassium

K

Praseodymium Pr

Promethium Pm

Protactinium Pa

Radium

Ra

Radon

Rn

Rhenium

Re

Rhodium

Rh

Rubidium

Rb

Ruthenium

Ru

Rutherfordium Rf

Samarium

Sm

Scandium

Sc

Selenium

Se

Silicon

Si

Silver

Ag

Sodium

Na

Strontium

Sr

Sulphur

S

Tantalum

Ta

Technetium Tc

Tellurium

Te

Terbium

Tb

Thallium

Tl

Thorium

Th

Thulium

Tm

Tin

Sn

Titanium

Ti

Tungsten

W

Uranium

U

Vanadium

V

Xenon

Xe

Ytterbium

Yb

Yttrium

Y

Zinc

Zn

Zirconium

Zr

Atomic Number

80 42 60 10 93 28 41 7 102 76 8 46 15 78 94 84 19 59 61 91 88 86 75 45 37 44 104 62 21 34 14 47 11 38 16 73 43 52 65 81 90 69 50 22 74 92 23 54 70 39 30 40

Atomic Mass

200.6 95.9 144.2 20.2

(237) 58.7 92.9 14.0

(259) 190.2 16.0 106.4 31.0 195.1 (244) (209) 39.1 140.9 (145) 231.0 (226) (222) 186.2 102.9 85.5 101.1 (261) 150.4 45.0 79.0 28.1 107.9 23.0 87.6 32.1 180.9 (98) 127.6 158.9 204.4 232.0 168.9 118.7 47.9 183.8 238.0 50.9 131.3 173.0 88.9 65.4 91.2

NAMES, FORMULAE, AND CHARGES OF SOME COMMON IONS

* Aqueous solutions are readily oxidized by air. ** Not stable in aqueous solutions.

Al3+ NH4+ Ba2+ Ca2+ Cr2+ Cr3+

Cu+ Cu2+

H+ H 3 O+

Fe2+ Fe3+ Pb2+

Aluminum Ammonium Barium Calcium Chromium(II), chromous Chromium(III), chromic Copper(I)*, cuprous Copper(II), cupric Hydrogen Hydronium Iron(II)*, ferrous Iron(III), ferric Lead(II), plumbous

Positive Ions (Cations)

Pb4+ Lead(IV), plumbic Li+ Lithium Mg2+ Magnesium Mn2+ Manganese(II), manganous Mn4+ Manganese(IV) Hg22+ Mercury(I)*, mercurous Hg2+ Mercury(II), mercuric K+ Potassium Ag+ Silver Na+ Sodium Sn2+ Tin(II)*, stannous Sn4+ Tin(IV), stannic Zn2+ Zinc

Negative Ions (Anions)

Br- Bromide

CO32- ClO3-

Cl-

Carbonate Chlorate Chloride

ClO2- CrO42-

CN-

Chlorite Chromate Cyanide

Cr2O72- H2 PO4- CH3 COO -

F-

Dichromate Dihydrogen phosphate Ethanoate, acetate Fluoride

HCO3-

HC2O

- 4

HSO4-

HS-

Hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate Hydrogen oxalate, binoxalate Hydrogen sulphate, bisulphate Hydrogen sulphide, bisulphide

HSO3- Hydrogen sulphite, bisulphite

OH- Hydroxide

ClO- Hypochlorite

I- Iodide

HPO42- NO3- NO2-

C2O42- O2-

Monohydrogen phosphate Nitrate Nitrite Oxalate Oxide**

ClO4- MnO4- PO43- SO42-

S2-

Perchlorate Permanganate Phosphate Sulphate Sulphide

SO32- Sulphite SCN- Thiocyanate

? 3 ?

SOLUBILITY OF COMMON COMPOUNDS IN WATER

The term soluble here means > 0.1 mol/L at 25?C.

Negative Ions (Anions)

Positive Ions (Cations)

Solubility of Compounds

All

Alkali ions: Li+ , Na + , K+ , Rb+ , Cs+ , Fr +

Soluble

All

Hydrogen ion: H+

Soluble

All

Ammonium ion: NH4 +

Soluble

Nitrate, NO3 -

All

Soluble

Chloride, Cl - or

Bromide, Br - or

Iodide, I-

All others

Ag+ , Pb2+ , Cu+

Soluble Low Solubility

Sulphate, SO42-

All others Ag+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba2+ , Pb2+

Soluble Low Solubility

Sulphide, S2-

Alkali ions, H+ , NH4 + , Be2+ , Mg2+ , Ca2+ , Sr2+ , Ba2+ Soluble

All others

Low Solubility

Hydroxide, OH-

Alkali ions, H+ , NH4 + , Sr 2+ All others

Soluble Low Solubility

or or

Phosphate,

PO43-

Carbonate,

CO32-

Sulphite, SO3 2-

Alkali ions, H+ , NH4 + All others

Soluble Low Solubility

? 4 ?

SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS AT 25?C

Name

Barium carbonate Barium chromate Barium sulphate Calcium carbonate Calcium oxalate Calcium sulphate Copper(I) iodide Copper(II) iodate Copper(II) sulphide Iron(II) hydroxide Iron(II) sulphide Iron(III) hydroxide Lead(II) bromide Lead(II) chloride Lead(II) iodate Lead(II) iodide Lead(II) sulphate Magnesium carbonate Magnesium hydroxide Silver bromate Silver bromide Silver carbonate Silver chloride Silver chromate Silver iodate Silver iodide Strontium carbonate Strontium fluoride Strontium sulphate Zinc sulphide

Formula

BaCO3 BaCrO4 BaSO4 CaCO3 CaC2O4 CaSO4 CuI

( ) Cu IO3 2

CuS

Fe(OH)2

FeS

Fe(OH)3

PbBr2 PbCl2

( ) Pb IO3 2

PbI2 PbSO4 MgCO3

Mg(OH)2

AgBrO3 AgBr

Ag2CO3 AgCl

Ag2CrO4 AgIO3 AgI

SrCO3 SrF2 SrSO4 ZnS

K sp

2.6 ? 10 -9 1.2 ? 10-10 1.1 ? 10 -10 5.0 ? 10 -9 2.3 ? 10-9 7.1 ? 10-5 1.3 ? 10 -12 6.9 ? 10 -8 6.0 ? 10 -37 4.9 ? 10-17 6.0 ? 10 -19 2.6 ? 10 -39 6.6 ? 10 -6 1.2 ? 10-5 3.7 ? 10-13 8.5 ? 10-9 1.8 ? 10-8 6.8 ? 10 -6 5.6 ? 10 -12 5.3 ? 10-5 5.4 ? 10 -13 8.5 ? 10-12 1.8 ? 10-10 1.1 ? 10 -12 3.2 ? 10 -8 8.5 ? 10-17 5.6 ? 10 -10 4.3 ? 10 -9 3.4 ? 10 -7 2.0 ? 10 -25

? 5 ?

RELATIVE STRENGTHS OF BR?NSTED-LOWRY ACIDS AND BASES

in aqueous solution at room temperature.

STRONG

WEAK

STRENGTH OF ACID

Name of Acid

Perchloric Hydriodic Hydrobromic Hydrochloric Nitric Sulphuric Hydronium Ion Iodic Oxalic

Sulphurous (SO2 + H2O)

Hydrogen sulphate ion Phosphoric Hexaaquoiron ion, iron(III) ion Citric Nitrous Hydrofluoric Methanoic, formic Hexaaquochromium ion, chromium(III) ion Benzoic Hydrogen oxalate ion Ethanoic, acetic Dihydrogen citrate ion Hexaaquoaluminum ion, aluminum ion

Carbonic (CO2 + H2O)

Monohydrogen citrate ion Hydrogen sulphite ion Hydrogen sulphide Dihydrogen phosphate ion Boric Ammonium ion Hydrocyanic Phenol Hydrogen carbonate ion Hydrogen peroxide Monohydrogen phosphate ion Water Hydroxide ion Ammonia

Acid

Base

HClO4 H+ + ClO4 -

HI H+ + I-

HBr H+ + Br -

HCl H+ + Cl-

HNO3 H+ + NO3 -

H2SO4 H+ + HSO4 -

H3O+ H+ + H2O HIO3 H+ + IO3 - H2C2O4 H+ + HC2O4 - H2SO3 H+ + HSO3 - HSO4 - H+ + SO4 2- H3PO4 H+ + H2PO4 -

Fe(H2O)6 3+ H+ + Fe(H2O)5(OH)2+

H3C6H5O7 H+ + H2C6H5O7 - HNO2 H+ + NO2 - HF H+ + F-

HCOOH H+ + HCOO-

Cr(H2O)6 3+ H+ + Cr(H2O)5(OH)2+

C6H5COOH H+ + C6H5COO- HC2O4 - H+ + C2O4 2-

CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO- H2C6H5O7 - H+ + HC6H5O7 2-

Al(H2O)6 3+ H+ + Al(H2O)5(OH)2+

H2CO3 H+ + HCO3 - HC6H5O7 2- H+ + C6H5O7 3-

HSO3 - H+ + SO3 2- H2S H+ + HS-

H2PO4 - H+ + HPO4 2- H3BO3 H+ + H2BO3 - NH4 + H+ + NH3 HCN H+ + CN-

C6H5OH H+ + C6H5O- HCO3 - H+ + CO3 2- H2O2 H+ + HO2 - HPO4 2- H+ + PO4 3- H2O H+ + OH-

OH- H+ + O2-

NH3 H+ + NH2 -

Ka

very large

very large

very large

very large

very large

very large

1.0 1.7 ? 10-1 5.9 ? 10-2 1.5 ? 10-2 1.2 ? 10-2 7.5 ? 10-3 6.0 ? 10-3 7.1 ? 10-4 4.6 ? 10-4 3.5 ? 10-4 1.8 ? 10-4 1.5 ? 10-4 6.5 ? 10-5 6.4 ? 10-5 1.8 ? 10-5 1.7 ? 10-5 1.4 ? 10-5 4.3 ? 10-7 4.1 ? 10-7 1.0 ? 10-7 9.1 ? 10-8 6.2 ? 10-8 7.3 ? 10-10 5.6 ? 10-10 4.9 ? 10-10 1.3 ? 10-10 5.6 ? 10-11 2.4 ? 10-12 2.2 ? 10-13 1.0 ? 10-14

very small

very small

STRENGTH OF BASE

WEAK

STRONG

? 6 ?

 ................
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