Notes and Bibliography - ioan8



Christianity under the Siege of Neopaganism

Notes and Bibliography

The study of Pop Culture, by Michael Dunne, from The Greenwood Guide to American Popular Culture edited by M. Thomas Inge and Dennis Hall (Greenwood Press, CT, 2002), pg XXXI.

Robert G. Pielke, You Say You Want a Revolution- Rock music in America.

Betty Friedan was a feminist best known for her book “The Feminine Mystique” , 1963.

Alistar Horne, La Belle France, New York: Random House, Inc. 2004.

Gordon Wright, France in Modern Times, New York: Norton & Company, Inc.

Christopher Hibbert, The Days of the French Revolution, New York: Quill, 1980.

Peter Jones, Editor, The French Revolution, New York, NY: St. Martins Press, Inc.

Roger Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution: Duke University Press, 1991.

David Andress, The Terror, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005.

Alan Moorehead, The Russian Revolution, New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1958.

Diane P. Koenker and Ronald D. Bachman, Editors, Revelations From The Russian Archives, Washington: Library of Congress, 1997

Max Eastman, translator, History of the Russian Revolution, New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1932.

Ted Gottfried, The Road to Communism, Brookfield, Connecticut: Twenty First Century Books, a Division of the Millbrook Press, Inc., 2002

William Dudley Editor- The 1960s- San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2000 --- Hippieness has all the marks of a new religious movement. It has its evangelists, its sacred grottos, and its exuberant converts……To the hippies, the churches and synagogues were mainly hoary vehicles of establishment, thought, and activity in its worst form (page 204-5).

R. Gary Patterson, Take A Walk On The Dark Side, Rock and Roll Myths, Legends, and Curses, Fireside, Rockefeller Center, New York, NY, 2004

Can 35 Million Book Buyers Be Wrong? Yes. By Harold Bloom, Wall Street Journal, 7-11-2000

The Rolling Stones and Satanism, website

Michael Moynihan and Didrik Søderlind, Lords of Chaos, Los Angeles, California, Feral House, 2003

Ian Christe, Sound of the Beast, Harper entertainment, New York, NY, 2004

article.cfm/heavy_metal/108167

Emily D. Edwards, Metaphysical Media, The Occult Experience in Popular Culture, Southern Illinois University Press, 2005

David A. Jasen and Gene Jones, That American Rag, New York, NY: Schirmer Books, 2000---- Ragtime music had an appeal that took over loyalty to any other musical expression of the day from people regardless of race, class, or gender.

Edward A. Berlin, Ragtime, Berkley, CA: UC Press, 1980 ---- Ragtime became jazz, employing a new wave of syncopation.

John Edward Hasse- Editor, Ragtime, New York, NY: Schirmer Books, 1985 --- Ragtime arose in the 1890s and faded by the 1910s. Youth liked it most. They called it their music, just as the youth of the fifties and sixties called Rock and Roll their music. It was a form of rebellion. Ragtime was an irresistible music which brought the body in a rhythmic compulsion due to unnatural syncopations and continuous re-appearance and succession of accentuation of the wrong parts of the bar. Ragtime prepared the way for Jazz and spread throughout Canada, Europe, Australia and elsewhere, so that when Jazz arrived, it was readily accepted.

Geoffrey Perrett, America in the Twenties, New York, NY: Simon and Schuster, 1982 --- By 1920 there were more than 200 books and articles on Freud published in U.S. The young loved him because he helped them to have a total breakup with the moral past of America. Freudianism rejected two fundamental tenants of Protestantism: moral absolutes and self control. America, through Freud’s lenses, was portrayed as a Puritanical repressive society. After that, people had a sudden interest in Ouija boards and yoga; nudist colonies became common in the warmer states. Greenwich Village became the new Sodom. It was a moral collapse. Girls dressed provocatively, smoked cigarettes, swore like sailors, kissed promiscuously, and allowed petting. Those were the flappers. Immorality found a so-called scientific proof in Freud’s writings. In essence it was a revolt and rejection of Puritanism. The Twenties was like a long party. Spending on amusement and recreation rose by 300 percent. Mass entertainment had burst upon the world.

[?] Erica Hanson, The 1920s, San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, Inc., 1999 ---- WWI forced the society to promote women in a leading role, while men were in Europe fighting the war. After the war, America experienced the first phase of industrial revolution. Eighty-five percent of city homes had electrical power, the washing machine was introduced, and the electrical iron and Hoover Vacuum Cleaner made their debut. The first youth culture phenomenon was on the rise. Wild dancing like the Charleston and the Foxtrot became popular. Rudolph Valentino and Clara Bow were Hollywood’s stars. Valentino was a sex symbol and Clara Bow was the quintessential flapper.

Arnold Shaw, Black Popular Music in America, New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986

Eileen Southern, Black Americans, New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1971

Frank Tirro, Jazz, New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1977 ----- Expressions like “Black cat bone” and “John the conqueror root” are Voodoo terms and are found in many Blue’s tunes. Jazz became the representation of crime, insanity, and immorality. Girls shortened their skirts high above the knees, women started smoking and drinking in public. Jazz captivated girls from big and small towns alike. Chicago reported that in two years, a thousand girls fell into different immoralities because of Jazz.

Gary Giddins, Visions of Jazz, New York, NY: Oxford University Press 1998---- Jazz is the expression of protest against law and order.

Gene Lees, Meet Me at Jim and Andy’s, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1988

Gunther Schuller, Early Jazz, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1968--- In the African Negro’s way of life, words and their meanings are related to musical sound. Instrumental music independent of verbal functions in the sense of European “absolute” music is almost totally unknown to the African native; it exists only in the form of brief subsidiary preludes and postludes.

Gunther Schuller, The Swing Era, New York, NY: Oxford University Press 1989

Harvey Green, The Uncertainty of Everyday Life, New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers 1992 --- Dating became part of the consumer culture and even a form of competition. Of course dating meant immorality in most of the cases. The population had available mass -produced contraception devices. Newspapers directed a lot of articles on dating etiquette to women.

Martin Williams, Jazz Heritage, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1985 --- But actually, almost any dancing in which the body moves with the hips loose and flexible, with easy horizontal body movement below the waist, is Afro-influenced.

Martin Williams, The Jazz Tradition, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1970

Patricia Hersch, A Tribe Apart, New York: Random House, Inc. 1998

Petra Press, The 1930s, San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, Inc., 1999 --- On “Black Tuesday” stockholders lost 40 billion dollars, more than the total U.S. expenses on WWI. By the end of 1931, 14 million people were left without work, five thousand banks went bankrupt. The number of banks that failed till 1932 were ten thousand. The black blizzards were casting entire towns into darkness as a result of an incredible drought.

Robert Gottlieb, Reading Jazz, New York: Random House Inc., 1996

Stephen Feinstein, The 1910s, Berkley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2001

Stephen Feinstein, The 1920s, Berkley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2006 --- In the 1920s, many young American women challenged society about the role of women.

Stuart A. Kallen- Editor, The Roaring Twenties, San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2002 --- The Twenties had many epithets, such as the “Lawless Decade,” the “Roaring Twenties,” the “Flapper Era,” and the “Jazz Age.” Jazz was a defiance of traditional music, well suited with the rebellion of the Twenties generation. The whole party of the twenties decade came to a crash on “Black Thursday,” October 24, 1929. A whole generation had been infected by the eat-drink-and-be-merry-for-tomorrow-we-die spirit because of WWI. Many American men were seduced by prostitutes in Europe, especially in France, during WWI, and many young women working as nurses in the time of war, returned from Europe with a destroyed moral code.

Will Friedwald, Jazz Singing, New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1990 --- Music in the Roaring Twenties was more of a roaring than singing.

William L. Grossman and Jack W. Farrell, The Heart of Jazz, New York, NY: New York University Press, 1956 Psychiatric studies show that if a certain type of music is heard with enough frequency and regularity, it will contribute to permanent changes of emotional attitudes.

Myron A. Marty, Daily Life in The United States 1960-1990, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1997.

Between 1953 and 1960, Playboy’s circulation grew from 70,000 to more than a million. By 1967 it had reached 4 million and it peaked at 7 million in 1972(page 66). Beginning in 1946 and several times thereafter, the Supreme Court struck down as unconstitutional laws restricting publication and distribution of sexually explicit materials. When FDA approved the marketing and use of oral contraceptives- that is, the “pill”- restrains on sexual promiscuity caused by fear of pregnancies were lessened. By 1963, more than 1 million women were taking the pill; by 1970 the number had grown to 12 million, despite controversies concerning possible side effects and the Catholic Church’s continued condemnation of its use (page 67). Sexual experimentation spread throughout the dominant culture, resulting in changed attitudes toward marriage and the weakening of its place in society… the openness on sexual matters affected not only male and female relationships; it also encouraged homosexuals to emerge from the closet and openly establish relationships that flouted moral codes of the past (page 71). The products and byproducts of the counterculture of the 1960s gradually became part of the daily lives of many Americans, contributing to cultural changes that seemed unstoppable and, in subsequent decades, irreversible. But there were other contributing forces. Technology was a powerful one, with television being a prime example of its power. Commercial interest played a large but often overlooked part in the cultural transitions. Advertising, for example, transformed consumer’s wants into needs, seducing them with promises of lifestyles they otherwise could scarcely have imagined. In less affluent days, practicing self-restraint, duty, loyalty, hard work, and good citizenship was perhaps made easier by shortages of money and material goods. There were limits on what people could own, where they could go, what they could do, and how they could live. The arrival of post-Depression, postwar prosperity enabled people to own more freely what their hearts desired, go where they wished, do what they wanted, and live as they pleased…When churches softened their teachings on matters affecting daily lives, or when they tried to make ecumenism or pluralism work, their grip on their members weakened (page 74).

A.E. Hotchner, Blown Away, New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1990

Myron A. Marty, Daily Life in The United States 1960-1990, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1997

Michael O’Brien-John, F. Kennedy- New York, NY: Thomas Dunne Books

One attempt to seduce a prominent actress failed miserably. In the late 1950s, Italian actress Sophia Loren came to the United States to make the movie Houseboat with Cary Grant (page 302). Realizing the gravity of his mistake, Kennedy shifted gears, sent the other woman away, and tried to make amends. He put his arm around Campbell. “I hope you’re not angry with me,” he said (page 685). Kennedy’s aides concede that Meyer was one of the President’s favorite women and were not surprised to see her in the private residence. Kennedy “had a great attachment to her,” Myer Feldman said, though he saw no indication they were lovers. “Around eight-thirty, when the day was over, often I’d walk over to the residence and she’d be sitting there,” said Feldman. On the evening of July 16, 1962, according to Jim Truitt, Kennedy and Mary smoked marijuana together. The White House was hosting a conference on narcotics in two months, and Kennedy joked about it to Mary. (Truitt claimed he himself provided Mary with the pot.) “The President smoked three of the six joints Mary brought to him,” Burleigh wrote. At first he felt no effects. Then he closed his eyes and refused a fourth joint. “Suppose the Russians did something now,” he said. Kennedy allegedly told Mary that the pot “isn’t like cocaine,” and informed her that he would get her some cocaine. During her affair with Kennedy, Mary visited Harvard’s Timothy Lear, the high priest of the hallucinogenic drug LSD. There is no confirmation that Kennedy tried LSD with many, but, said Burleigh, “the timing of her visits to Timothy Leary do coincide with the dates of her known private meetings with the President.” If Kennedy did experiment with LSD, his aides knew nothing about it (page 695).

Stephen Feinstein, The 1990s, Berkley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, Inc.,2001 --- The 1990s brought the internet and the whole world at people’s fingertips. Cell phones became a “necessity”……. O.J. Simpson was declared not guilty in spite of DNA evidence. General Schwarzkopf led a successful campaign on Iraq. Kuwait was free again. Bill Clinton enjoyed 65% endorsement in the polls in spite of the Monica Lewinsky scandal and impeachment procedures.

Mark Ray Schmidt, Associate Professor of English, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Book Editor- The 1970s- San Diego, California: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2000, pp.184

Mikal Gilmore, Night Beat, New York, NY: DOUBLEDAY, 1998, pp. 20

Stephen Feinstein, The 1950s, Berkley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2000

Marjorie Heins, Not in Front of the Children, New York: Hill and Wang, 2001

Ann Coulter, Treason, New York, NY: Crown Forum, 2003

Barney Hoskyns, Across the Great Divide, New York, NY: Hyperion, 1993

Bob Batchelor- The 1900s- Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2002 pp. 184 Funky Butt, Jazz,

Bree Burns, America In The 1970s, New York, NY: Facts On File, Inc., 2006 pp. 97 “Don’t accept the old order. Get rid of it.” –Singer Johnny Rotten of the Sex Pistols, 1978

Charles A. Wills- America In The 1950s- New York, NY: Facts On File Inc., 2006

Charles Kaiser- 1968 In America- New York: Weidenfield & Nicholson, 1998 --- New York City and San Francisco were competing to become the counterculture capital of the world. Most of the extremist population of the U.S. lived on the East and West Coasts.

Clinton Heylin- Editor, Rock & Roll Writing, New York, NY: Penguin Group, 1992

David Farber and Beth Bailey- America in the 1960s- Chichester, New York: Columbia University Press, 2001

David Horowitz, Left Illusions, Dallas TX: Spence Publishing Company, 2003

Douglas T. Miller & Marion Nowak, The Fifties, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company Inc. 1975 --- Look Magazine described Presley as “gyrating” and “sensual.” Alan Freed was corrupting the young people with Rock and Roll. This musical genre was addressing the body and its desires.

Editors: Ashley Kahn, Holly George-Warren, Shawn Dahl- Rolling Stone; The Seventies- Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1998

Editors: Irwin Unger and Debi Unger- The Times Were a Changin’- New York, NY: Three Rivers Press, 1998

Edmund Lindop, America In The 1950s, Brookfield, Conneticut: Millbrook Press, Inc., 2002 --- Rock and Roll was a revolution in popular music. It combined rhythm and blues with country music- Presley was the catalyst. Rock accounted for two-thirds of the sixty best selling records in the U.S. in 1957.

Edward D. Berkowitz- Something Happened- New York: Columbia University Press, 2006

Eugenia Kaledin, Daily Life In The United States 1940-1959, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2000 --- In 1946, 3.4 million babies were born, twenty-six percent more than in 1945. The “baby boom” became a reality. A lot of white women with medium to high income were part of this baby booming reality.

Ezra Bowen: C.S. Editor -This Fabulous Century 1960,1970- Publisher: John D. Manley, 1971

Franklin Watts -The Fifties- United States: Franklin Watts Inc., 1978

Gini Holland, The 1960s, San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, Inc., 1999 --- Many baby boomers rebelled against the “conformist demands and consumer values of their parents” and became hippies. The Bohemians of the 50s acted as counselors of this counterculture movement and encouraged the rejection of middle class values. Rock and Roll became the dominant art form of the decade.

James D. Torr, Editor- The 1980s- San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2000 --- The PC revolution began in 1981, which brought about the internet and information revolution of the 1990s.

Jim Callan- America in the 1960s- New York, NY: A Stonesong Press Book, 2006

John C. McWilliams -The 1960s Cultural Revolution- Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group Inc., 2000 --- The “Summer of Love” started on January 14, 1967 (a date set by an astrologer). It took place at Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco. LSD prophet Timothy Leary encouraged people to “tune in, turn on and drop out”. Allen Ginsberg purified the grounds with Hindu mantras, and Jefferson Airplane and Grateful Dead bands provided the music.

John Neary- Life in the 60s- Boston: A Bulfinch Press Book, Little Brown and Company, 1989

Jules Archer -The Incredible Sixties- San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1968 ---The youth of the 60s rejected conservatism in clothing, appearance, economic goals, moral codes, and Christianity. They engaged in a cultural revolution. Elvis made Rock and Roll the music of the youth. His “hip swiveling” caused hysteria among young female audiences. It was the decade of Rock and Roll, immorality, and drugs.

Karal Ann Marling, Professor of Art History and American Studies at the University of Minnesota- As Seen on TV- Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994 --- Elvis was called the “Memphis Flash” due to his extreme clothing. In fact, he rebelled against normality. He was vulgar in his movements on the stage, like the people in Bordellos.

Norman H. Finkelstein, The Way Things Never Were, New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1999

Richard A. Schwartz -The 1950s- New York: Facts On File Inc., 2003

Robert Christgau, Grown Up All Wrong, London England: Harvard University Press, 1998

Sarah Brash, Loretta Britten Editors of Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia- Turbulent Years; The 60s- Richmond, Virginia: Time Life Inc. 1998

Stephen Feinstein, The 1960s, Berkley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2000 --- LSD and marijuana were used by the hippies for “consciousness” expansion. Timothy Leary was the prophet of LSD. Eastern mysticism became the religion of the youth. Gurus from India started coming to U.S. Hippies lived in communal/tribal lifestyles. Jackie Kennedy showed up in public with a mini skirt. JFK was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, November 22, 1963.

Stephen Feinstein, The 1970s, Berkley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2000 --- The 70s was a confusing decade for the rebels of the 60s. Therefore they dove deeper into Eastern religions. New cultist leaders (like Sun Myung Moon and Jim Jones, who led people in a mass suicide in French Guyana) came on the scene. The Beatles broke up, Janis Joplin and Jimmy Hendrix died of drug overdoses. In 1971, Jim Morrison died too. In 1974, Cass Eliot also died. In 1977 Elvis Presley followed. Disco replaced previous styles of music. Immorality and drug use continued to rise.

Stephen Feinstein, The 1980s, Berkley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2000 --- America went materialistic in the 80s. Madonna released her “Material Girl.” Break dancing, rap music, and graffiti were the cultural trends.

Stephen Feinstein, The 1900s, Berkley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2001

Stuart A. Kallen, A Cultural History of the United States; The 1990s, San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, Inc., 1999 --- By 1990 MTV was in 15 million American homes. They launched Grunge music, which was a combination of punk and heavy metal. In Cleveland, Ohio, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame was inaugurated at the cost of 92 million dollars. Tupac Shakur was shot in his BMW leaving Mike Tyson’s boxing match in Las Vegas. The World Wide Web had more than 45 million people connected to it by 1998.

Stuart A. Kallen, A Cultural History of the United States; The 1980s, San Diego, CA: Lucent Books, Inc., 1999 --- Michael Jackson revived Rock and Roll as the center of the youth culture. He was able to sell even a million copies of the “Thriller” album a week.

Stuart A. Kallen, Editor- The 1950s- San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2000 --- The 1950s witnessed a demographic revolution coupled with affluence and a whole industry geared towards teenage needs. Youth had their own money and part time jobs, progressive education were launched out, which got rid of the restrictions, allowing the youth to model their own personalities. Rock and Roll grew from different strains of American music and emerged like the song of the youth rebellion. Youth developed their own slang, like “wheels,” “skins,” “drag,” “nerf-bar,” “duals,” and “hot rod,” words which described their new cars. Media was constantly busy with youth, giving them too much attention.

“By the mid 50s, teenagers were buying 43% of all records, 44% of all cameras, 39% of new radios, 90% of all new cars, and 53% of movie tickets. By 1959 the amount of money spent on teenagers by themselves and by their parents had reached the staggering total of 10 billion a year” (page 144). – Rock and Roll first came from Rhythm and Blues played in backroom bars of the Black community. Rhythm and Blues was combined with hillbilly twang and Rock and Roll was born. The Blackboard Jungle became a popular movie about teenage rebellion. Between 1953 and 1955, the rockers that emerged were Chuck Berry, Fats Domino, and Little Richard. Allen Ginsberg’s mother was a communist and his father was a socialist. She ended up in a mental hospital….Ginsberg entered Columbia University. He was part of the Greenwich Village environment, the traditional home of cultural radicalism. He spent time in the gay community and in the Harlem neighborhood, indulging in filth. Kerouac was his buddy in these escapades. New York was filled with many subcultures and small time criminals that allowed the Beats like Ginsberg and Kerouac to live outside the mainstream of the orderly life in America. The so-called “New Vision” could trace its roots back to Henry Miller and Earnest Hemmingway- the proletarian writers of the 1920s and 30s. The consumer society liked the radicalism of the subculture personalities and sustained them both materially and spiritually. TV connected the nation with the White House and gave the president the ability to have enormous power by rallying the nation behind him. Dwight D. Eisenhower chose not to exercise it, but Kennedy abused it.

Theodore C. Sorensen, Let The Word Go Forth, New York, NY: Delacorte Press, 1988

Timothy White, Rock Lives, New York, NY: Henry Holt Company, Inc., 1990 --- Robert Johnson sold his soul to Satan in exchange for amazing guitar playing ability. His payment was due eight years later.

Todd Gitlin -The Sixties; Years of Hope Days of Rage- New York, NY: Bantam Books, 1993--- Rock and Roll was violent, underdone, and unrelenting. It was a big, grotesque noise. The lyrics were about anguish and adolescent romance. Dance was part of this whole deal, and immorality was the result. The shock of the sixties was planted in the fifties. Society made material production and acquisition its central activity. It was not only a baby boom; it was also an industrial/technological boom. In 1969, the number of students was three times higher than that of farmers. Existentialism was based on the meaninglessness of life and claimed that God deserted humanity, so human beings are responsible to craft their own meanings.

William H. Chafe -Editor, A History Of Our Time, New York: Oxford University Press, 1991 --- In 1965, 95% of all American families owned at least one television.

Media based culture William H. Young with Nancy K. Young- The 1950s- Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2004. More than any previous generation, the youth of the fifties created a broad, media-based culture they could truly call their own. Prosperous beyond the dreams of past children and teenagers, this new generation had the financial clout to support those whom they felt best represented them. Accordingly, much Hollywood production was aimed at this market. Many mass magazines likewise catered to youthful readers. But nowhere was this generation’s economic power more strongly exhibited than in the music business. For all intents and purposes, rock ‘n’ roll reflected the dreams and desires of America’s young people (page 36). He (Phillips) looked for white singers who could approximate what black vocalists had been doing for years because he wanted to introduce the larger white audience to real rhythm and blues. Cold economic logic told him that using white performers would make the job that much easier. His solution brought forth a hybrid music called “rockabilly”. Rockabilly blends white country (hillbilly) music with black rhythm and blues. A dominant rhythm section, coupled with an uninhibited vocalist creates a mix that possesses a lively beat and urges listeners unto the dance floor. Phillips helped foster the early careers of Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis, Roy Orbison, Carl Perkins and, of course, Elvis Presley. Unfortunately for Phillips, the success of these new artists meant they soon left Sun Records and headed for greener, more profitable pastures. He would never be a wealthy part of the fabulous rise of rock ‘n’ roll, but Sam Phillips would always be an integral part (page 171).

Kenneth B. Clark- Dark Ghetto- Middletown, Connecticut, Harper & Row Publishers. The Negro in Harlem found himself increasingly isolated culturally, socially, and economically by a wall of racial prejudice and discrimination. He was blocked from the training necessary to prepare himself for the highly skilled jobs in private industry or government, and he was pushed into the most menial occupations (page 26).

Thomas C. Reeves- A Question of Character- New York, NY: Macmillan Inc. Moreover, Hoover had already informed Bobby in writing of the triangle between the president’s mistress, Judith Campbell, and the two mobsters (page 261).

Walter Laqueur-The Changing Face of Anti-Semitism- New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc. European Jewish Communities were subject to frequent attacks, persecution, and deportation during the Middle Ages, and their legal status was regulated according to the church teaching that was designed to keep them alive- but in misery. Jews were limited to certain professions (such as usury, which made them even more unpopular) and eventually confined to ghettos. But years of acute persecution (1096, 1348, etc.) were followed by relatively “normal” years (page 3). Zionism emerged as a reaction against the cultural and spiritual tradition of the ghetto and the shtetl, and the one-sided education of the heder (the religious school). It aimed at the restoration of self-respect among the Jews (page 168).

Allan M. Dershowitz -Sexual McCarthyism- New York, NY: Basic Books. The President achieved immediate gratification while risking long-term consequences to his marriage, his daughter, his presidency and, above all, the nation’s stability, at the time he began his sexual encounter with Lewinsky (page 7).

Jerome D. Levin, Ph.D- The Clinton Syndrome- Rocklin, CA, Prima Publishing. Franklin Roosevelt had a 30-year affair with Lucy Mercer Rutherford and John Kennedy had one with Marilyn Monroe (page 9). A predisposition to addiction, a lifetime behavioral pattern of infidelity, three deep and devastating losses, and a political comeback engendering arrogance all pulled Bill Clinton in the direction of Monica Lewinsky. What happened after that was a circumstance (page 19).

Jerry Oppenheimer- State of a Union- New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers

Bill revealed that he had had literally hundreds of affairs before he was forty, but was making a concerted, desperate (but seemingly not very successful) effort to be faithful to Hillary. In fact, he held out hope to Monica that a post-presidency divorce wasn’t entirely out of the question. Overjoyed, the ever-optimistic Monica boasted to a friend that one day she might become the second Mrs. Clinton (page 256).

Paul Bullock- Watts: The Aftermath- New York: Grove Press Inc. Of course, the resident of a Negro ghetto shares certain problems with his “soul brothers,” whatever the quality of his housing. In most instances he will remain within the confines of a ghetto, his spatial mobility being considerably restricted (page 252).

Sarah Churchwell- The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe- New York, NY: Metropolitan Books, Henry Holt and Company. Political stakes were riding on her life, and even more on her death. If she could be murdered in such a way as to appear a suicide in despair at the turn of her love, what a point of pressure could be maintained afterward against the Kennedys. So one may be entitled to speak of a motive for murder. Of course, it is another matter to find that that evidence exists (page 290).

Howard Dodson with Amiri Baraka, Gail Buckley, John Hope Franklin, Henry Louis Gates. Jr., Annette Gordon-Reed, and Gayraud S. Wilmore- The Emergence of African-American Culture Jubilee- Published by The National Geographic Society. “It is apparent that there is a mechanism which may well account for the tenaciousness of African religious beliefs in the New World, which………bulk largest among the various elements of West African culture surviving. What could have more effectively aided in this than the presence of a considerable number of specialists who could interpret the universe in terms of aboriginal belief? What indeed, could have more adequately sanctioned resistance to slavery than the presence of priests who, able to assure supernatural support to leaders and followers alike, helped them fight by giving the conviction that the powers of their ancestors were aiding them in their struggle for freedom?”

Michele Mitchell, A New Kind of Party Animal, New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1998

Christina Hoff Sommers, The War Against Boys, New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2000

Gene I. Rochlin, Trapped in the Net, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1997

Bernard Goldberg, Bias, Washington D.C.: Regnery Publishing, Inc., 2002

Bernard Goldberg, 100 People Who Are Screwing Up America, New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 2005

Sherry Turkle, Life on the Screen, New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, Inc.,1995

Barry Glassner, The Culture of Fear, New York, NY: Basic Books, 1999

John Woodward, Popular Culture, New York: Greenhaven Press,2005

Henry a. Giroux, Fugitive Cultures, New York, NY: Routledge, 1996

Thomas Hine, The Rise and Fall of the American Teenager, New York, NY: Avon Books, Inc., 1999

Paul Ferris, Dr. Freud, A Life, Washington D.C.: Counterpoint, 1997

Lydia Flem (translated by Susan Fairfield), Freud the Man, An Intellectual Biography, New York, NY: Other Press, 1991

Dr. A.A. Brill (translator), Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, New York, NY: The Modern Library, 1994

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