THE REPUBLIC OF THE GAMBIA



THE REPUBLIC OF THE GAMBIA

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ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Gambia Biodiversity Management & Institutional Strengthening

(GBMIS) Project

The Gambia

November 24, 2010

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The search of a sound management plan is a tedious work that involves money, time and expertise. Despite all these precious inputs it is not straight forth to fall on the appropriately efficient indicators which guide to a perfect road map document. This is more so true when at the same time is added the constantly changing nature of the physical as well as living component of the environment. But a lucky chance can relief all major obstacles to a well adapted management plan if, one happen to team up with expert personnel worn out by the work in concern.Fortunately, it was my case for having associated with knowledgeable personnel of the Parks and Wildlife Management.

First of all, I will start to thank Mr. Ousainou Touray, Senior Conservation Officer for Marine and Coastal PAs of the above mentioned department who, all along the long visits conducted in Tanji and Kiang West National Park and their surrounding communities never spared any effort to reach our goal. My thanks to him do not stop just at saying thank you; but instead, I would add to commend his high sense of responsibility in the job. Mr. Touray is that type of personnel who loves what he is doing; his physical commitment in the field always outdoes the pertinence of his ideas during our discussions. It is a delight experience that I got with him.

I am not leaving aside his colleague Mr. Momodou Lamin Kassama head of policy and programs of the same department. It could be definitely too tough for me to jot down our findings considering the long distances and difficult roads we had to board; but thanks to his dynamism, this part of the work was currently achieved without delay. His concept of time reflects his great commitment to the job. Never had he failed timing and his participation in the discussions with the local communities was of capital importance. I definitely enjoyed working with him for both his wide experience and ability to mainstream crucial debates like those we had with the communities.

My thanks go to the Director of the Parks and Wildlife, Mr. Alpha O. Jallow who had the amiability to solicit my expertise on the subject. I bet to not deceive the expectations. It’s not the first time that I was engaged by Mr. Jallow on environment related issues; but, what is new this time is the magnitude of the challenge as far as GEF/WB is the financial operator behind. Far from omitting this important sponsoring body of the project, instead, I tend to bestow great thanks to its generous action toward the perpetuation and development of these two valuable protected areas. The contribution made is not simply financial but also technical along clearly set road map.

I commend the government of the Gambia through its able Ministry of forestry and the environment to care for a Gambia in line with both the current world standard and locally sound measures in conservation and management matters.

Finally, my thanks to the Tanji and Kiang west communities who willingly had spent long hours with us to debate on critical issues in order to find the best ways and means to perpetuate their respective parks. For many occasions we had disagreed on concept over given items but all too we had always ended in each case in consensus thanks to their pragmatism and sense of responsibility. Big thanks to everybody in the DPMW, direct as well as indirect contributors to the realization of this important work.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PROJECT OBJECTIVE

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

4. ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT

5. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

6. Relevant World Bank Policies

7. Implementation Arrangements

8. Environmental AND SOCIAL Screening, Assessment and Management

9. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS

10. ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT APPROACH

11. Monitoring and Reporting

LIST OF ACRONYMS

GBMISP- Gambia Biodiversity Management Institutional Strengthening Project

KWNP- Kiang West National Park

TBR- Tanji Bird Reserve

DPWM- Department of Parks and Wildlife Management

NEMA- National Environment Management Act

GEAP- Gambia Environmental Action Plan

NEA- National Environment Agency

EIA- Environmental Impact Assessment

ESMP- Environment and Social Management Plan

CBD- Convention of Biological Diversity

CMS- Convention of Migratory Species

CITIES- Convention on International Trade In Endangered Species

NBSAP- National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan

LBWC- Local Biodiversity Ward Committees

PSC- Project Steering Committee

UNCBD- United Nation Convention on Biological Diversity

DCC- Divisional Coordinating Committee

PMU- Project Management Unit

NGO- Non-Governmental Organization

VDC- Village Development Committee

WDC- Ward Development Committee

CBO- Community Based Organization

CCC- Climate Change Committee

CMEWG- Coastal and Marine Environment Working Group

MDFT- Multi-Disciplinary Facilitating Team

AEWA- African Eurasian Water bird Agreement

NEMC- National Environment Management Council

GEF- Global Environment Facility

MSP- Medium Size Project

TAC- Technical Advisory Committee

TOR- Terms Of Reference

1. INTRODUCTION

The protected area network (7 under the DPWM and 1 community owned Reserve) is representative of the principal habitats and ecosystems found in the country, and houses several habitats and rare and endangered species of global importance. There is also evidence of significant pressure on species of global and regional concern such as nesting and migratory birds and marine turtles, the eggs of which are frequently collected; sharks, harvested for their fins; and manatees, hunted for meat. The coast also is the primary tourism attraction of The Gambia, which alongside other economic development initiatives is increasing development pressure on the Biodiversity.

The DPWM, being the responsible governmental institution mandated to manage and conserve Biodiversity, is expected to take the lead in ensuring application of existing policies and legislation and to promote initiatives on the ground leading to sustainable management and use of biodiversity resources. Unfortunately, the Department’s capacity to capitalize on the opportunities provided by this broader framework and to leverage resources (both human and financial) for the promotion of biodiversity development is severely constrained by the Department’s internal structural and functional challenges, weak staff capacity and implementation experience as well as by limited scientific and technical knowledge and insufficient funding.

The recently approved GEF MSP (Gambia Biodiversity Management and Institutional Strengthening) would complement the Government of The Gambia’s efforts in its struggle to manage the remaining fauna and flora of the country. This project will provide the enabling condition for a rational management of the country’s biodiversity and especially in two pilot sites (the Tanji Bird Reserve and Kiang West National) for the longer term sustainable management of the protected area system.

As the most important component of this project aims to:

• construct an offices block in Tanji Bird Reserve

• rehabilitate the existing and dilapidated headquarters of the Kiang West National Park,

• Improve visitation and related infrastructures in the park and reserve,

• Organise mangrove regeneration in die back areas in the two pilot sites

• Ecotourism development ventures with the participation of local communities

This study is an important step towards assessing the potential impacts of the said project activities on the ecological and social environment of the two pilot sites. It will contribute meaningfully to propose mitigation measures on potential impacts of developments to take place during the project. Its recommendations should be incorporated in the project implementation manual for project execution purposes.

The report shall provide its objective, a description of the study, the available national environment framework and its legal, policy and administrative framework. The study report will also revisit the relevant World Bank policy, the institutional arrangement in place. It shall contain the screening process, the assessment and the potential identified impacts. It will propose mitigation measures and elaborate a genuine monitoring and reporting plan for its implementation.

2. PROJECT OBJECTIVE

The objective of the consultancy is to prepare an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) building upon existing project and Park documentations, including the existing Process Framework prepared for the project by an international consultant, as well as World Bank policy OP 4.01 principles and guidelines.

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The Consultant will work and be closely supported by the DPWM staff members (especially staff at Kiang West National Park and Tanji Bird Reserve) and the Task Team Leader at World Bank to provide information and necessary background documentation as required. The project focal point and the Directorate of the DPWM will facilitate contact between the Consultant and the staff on pilot sites.

The consultant’s main focus shall be on integration of existing materials and preparing an implementable ESMP. The consultant shall be responsible for ensuring that data and information presented in the ESMP is accurate and reliable.

Four tasks as outlined below are envisaged:

Task 1: The consultant shall familiarize himself/herself with all the available material provided by the DPWM right after signing the contract and visit both Tanji Bird Reserve and Kiang West National Park in order to (i) discuss with relevant stakeholders to determine infrastructural development plans to be implemented by the incoming project, (ii) assess the potential social and environmental impacts of the project development in each protected area (iii) assess the adequacy of the mitigation measures and environmental and social management plans to be proposed in the ESMP.

Task 2: Following the approval of the outline by the DPWM, the Consultant will proceed with the drafting of the ESMP. The Consultant shall provide the draft within four weeks of approval of the outline by the Department.

Task 3: Upon the presentation of the draft document, the Consultant presents it during a validation workshop to be organized at Abuko Headquarters, with participation of some representatives of the consulted communities/stakeholders at an agreed date.

Task 4: Within two weeks of receiving comments from participants of the validation workshop, the consultant shall finalize the ESMP. It is expected that the finalization will take into account the comments received from the DPWM staff and workshop consultation with affected people in the project area, and other stakeholders

4. ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT

The Gambia lies 15 º longitudes at equal distances from the Equator and the Tropic of Cancer. It has area of 11,300 km2 and is bounded by Senegal to the North, South and East and by the Atlantic Ocean to the West. The Country is widest at its westerly end towards the ocean about 48km across and narrows to about half this width at its eastern tip, 480 km inland. The country is bisected by the River Gambia forming the North and South Banks, with the former being less developed than the latter. Banjul, the administrative capital, is situated on an island at the estuary.

The Gambia lies in the Sahelian belt with a soudano-sahelian type of climate characterized by a long dry season from October to early June and a short rainy season from mid-June to late October. Rainfall in most parts of the country is about 1020mm ranging from 800mm in the East to 1700mm at the western end of the country. A slight warming and a decrease in rainfall have been realized in time series climate data covering the past 40 years.

Between the 1983 and 1993 censuses, population growth rate was 4.2 percent per annum. Natural growth was 2.9 percent, and inward migration 1.3 percent resulting from the influx of refugees. At present, population growth is estimated between 3 and 4 percent per annum. The population is expected to double again in the next 15 years. Therefore, economic growth has to increase to about 8.0 percent per annum for per capita GDP to double in by a rural exodus and internal migratory flows into Western Region and Greater Banjul Area.

Rapid population growth is a threat to the environment and puts pressure on the limited natural resources. About 45 percent of the population is less than 15 years old, increasing the burden of providing adequate health and education service as well as gainful employment opportunities. The incidence of malnutrition is quite high with children being the most affected group, while under-five mortality estimates at 192 per thousand and is one of the highest in the sub-region. Life expectancy at birth is compared to 55 years for the average for Africa. Malaria remains the biggest public health disease

.In the Gambia 88% of the population has access to sanitary means of excreta disposal. The percentage represents 96% in urban areas and 83% in rural areas. These figures include pit latrines, which are not regarded as ideal means of excreta disposal. If this facility is excluded, then the total population with sanitary means of excreta disposal will be 23%. In most regions, it is even less than 10% still with the exclusion of pit latrines as a sanitary means of excreta disposal the figure for those with ideal means in urban become 48% and 9% rural areas (Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey-MICS 2000).

The Increasing demand for forest products particularly fuel wood for household energy is alarming. About 6.50, 000m3 of fuel wood is consumed annually in the country. It is estimated that 97.8% of all household energy in the country depends on wood energy for boiling heating or fish smoking. Furthermore 73% of the fuel wood consumers use the traditional three-stone cooking stove: This system looses over 50% of wood energy and is regarded as highly inefficient.

The past three decades have witness the ecosystem biological diversity resources being subjected to misuse and over exploitation by man. The demand by this seemingly large population on the natural resource base in terms of fuel wood supplies, construction materials, food production and other needs, put Gambia’s natural resources under great strain. The main causes of a vicious cycle of forest destruction are the annual uncontrolled bush fires in combination with other human activities in particular the practice of shifting cultivation, commercial exploitation of fuel wood and clearing of wetland catchments.

The Banjul declaration in 1977, called loudly for actions address to environmental and natural resources management issues. The Ministry’s Environment units were then establishment in 1982 to coordinate environmental matters and monitor the impact of various projects and to provide advice to Government and Non-Government Organizations. The enactment of the National Environmental Management l Act (NEMA) by Government in1987and the establishment of the National Environmental Management Council (NEMC) providing both the legal framework for environmental planning , management and decision- making. These arrangements led to very intensive and highly-participatory approach in the preparation of the GEAP, thus providing a national framework to address environmental and natural resources management concerns.

The phase I of the GEAP, from 1992 to 2001 adopted in 1992, with the creation of the National Environmental Agency (NEA) in 1993, was of pivotal importance in its commitment to a sustainable management of the country’s environment. The GEAP was now set to improve economic performance and quality of human life and restore, maintain and enhance ecological processes natural resource, and culture heritage.

The whole machinery was evaluated in 1996 and a second for phase II was carried out in 2001. The GEAP remain a viable and functional approach to sustainable development.

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT INTERVENTION SITES

A. Kiang West National Park

Established in1987, kiang west national park (KWNP) is approximately 11,526ha (115 square km) and one of the most important reservoirs of wildlife in The Gambia. Although the major part of the park is dry deciduous woodland and guinea savannah, there are extensive stretches of mangrove creeks and tidal flats. In the mangrove creeks, the West African Manatee and Nile and Dwarf Crocodiles occur. In the mangrove fringes and tidal flats the tracks of various animals such as the African Clawless Otter, Mongoose and Sitatunga are found. The park has become a park of regional distinction possessing an impressive range of fauna and avifauna (over 250 bird species check listed to date). All the major wild animals known to be permanently resident in the Gambia, in the present time, has been recorded in the park (see annex for the checklist of animal and bird species of the park), making it the foremost wildlife reserve in the country.

The park headquarter site is located in the buffer zone and eight kilometers (8km) from the nearest mangrove creeks and there will not be affected by the rehabilitation works.

B. Tanji Bird Reserve

Established in 1993, Tanji Bird Reserve together with Bijol islands is situated along the Atlantic coast, in the West Coast Region of the country, about 30 minutes drive from the tourist development area. It encompasses the Tanji River and its estuary, incorporating mangrove, dry woodland and coastal dune scrub woodland. It has a total area of 612ha (6.12square km). Along the seashore there are series of lagoons, and off shore Bijol islands which are important sites for breeding marine turtles and roosting birds. Within the reserve there are wide variety of habitat types including marine, estuarine, freshwater, coastal scrub woodland and dry woodland savannah.

Tanji Bird Reserve was established primarily for its ornithological importance which is evident from its current species list which is over 259 species from 61 different families, making it a paradise for birdwatchers. This large diversity of birds results from the range of habitats present combined with location of Tanji on the coast of West Africa. For European migrants, Tanji bird reserve is one of the first stops offshore and offers both a safe haven as well as good feeding opportunities. The offshore Bijol islands are used as a roosting site by large numbers of gulls, terns, waders and pelicans, and the shallow surrounding reef offers good feeding opportunities as well.

The headquarter is located along the Kombo Coastal road and adjacent to the newly constructed eco-tourism camp built under the UNDP project in order to enhance community participation in natural resource management and benefit sharing. The construction of the new office block will be located in the present site where the dilapidated building serving as an office is located.

5. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATION FRAMEWORK

Environmental degradation and depletion of natural resources has continuously been contributing to poverty, poor health and retarded development in the Gambia, and one of the Government’s intervention was the development of the Gambia Environmental Action Plan (GEAP) to control environmental problems in a coordinated manner. Amongst the programmes implemented to achieve the GEAP objectives is Environmental Impacts Assessment (EIA). EIA seeks to ensure projects are successful by conserving natural resources, reducing delays and costs by anticipating potential problems for timely actions, and preventing or minimizing potential adverse and harmful environmental impacts.

The legal basis for EIA/ ESMP in the Gambia falls under Part V of the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA, 1994), and provide for the EIA or ESMP procedures, requirements for environmental impact statements, auditing, monitoring of existing projects and impacts from natural phenomena. Other parts of the Act provide for accompanying arrangements necessary for EIA enforcement such as administration, actions for offences, environmental inspections, standards and pollution control (GOTG, 1994)

The schedule for NEMA lists of projects and issues that must be considered for EIA including projects related to hydrocarbon handling, mining, urban development, transportation, tourism, manufacturing and large scale agriculture amongst others.

The National Environmental Agency (NEA) coordinates, administers and supervises the EIA process with participation from government departments, the public, non-governmental organizations, technical experts and the developers’ teams. NEA advises on the EIA procedures, specific issues to consider, classifies projects and organises working groups to determine scope of studies. It also leads the review process and arranges public consultations.

An objective of EIA /ESMP in the Gambia is to aid decision-making and form integral part of information used for that purpose. EIA is important in this respect as it looks into interrelated issues which are necessary to compliment the economic, technical and social issues. Environmental protection and quality has improved as a result of EIA/ESMP which aims at preventing or controlling negative impacts, particularly irreversible ones. In the broader sense , EIA/ESMP outcomes are aimed at contributing to long-term environmental management in the Gambia in its efforts to gain sustainable development (NEA and AHT 1999a). It was introduced with the notion that “it will help conserve and protect the environment for the benefit of the present and future generations in a manner consistent with the overall goal of sustainable development”(ROTG, 1996, p 14).

This notion is shred by many researchers who argued that EIA/ESMP outcome could play a major role in attaining sustainability. It was argued that this is possible as it reflects social, economic, environmental, political and scientific factors considered in development processes. In its principle, the African Development Bank emphasized that “environmental assessment would remain one of the most important instruments for ensuring environmental sustainability and social equity at operational levels” (ADB, 2004, p V).

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND AGREEMENTS

The Gambia is a signatory to a number of international environmental conventions, agreements and treaties, inter alia: the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD), the Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar), the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), African Eurasian Migratory Water bird Agreement (AEWA) Convention on International Treaty of Endangered Species (CITIES) and African Convention on Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (Algiers Convention)

NATIONAL LEGISLATION

The Government of the Gambia’s commitment to protect and manage the country’s natural resources and environment dates back to the Banjul Declaration and the Wildlife Conservation Act of 1977, which laid down the basis for conservation and sustainable use of biological resources. The National Mission Statement, The Gambia Incorporated Vision 2020, sees “a well balanced ecosystem” as fundamental to achieving the national goal of Middle Income Country status by 2020.

The Biodiversity and Wildlife Bill (2003) establishes the procedures for the creation and management of protected areas, and is key legislation governing BMISP.

For areas that have already been gazette, such as Tanji Bird Reserve (TBR) and Kiang West National Park (KWNP), the Bill provides the framework for co-management of the reserve area by DPWM and the local population. The protected area itself is managed by a management committee whose head is appointed by the Director, DPWM (Part IV, par.33).

At the same time, the Director, DPWM, “shall encourage community participation in the form of a Local Biodiversity and Wildlife Committee in the area and its immediate surrounding”( Part IV, Para 34.1). The LBWC is empowered to (para.35) :

a) Protect the area from fire;

b) Decide, in collaboration with the Department of Parks and Wildlife Management, the type and number of licenses and permits to be issued Monitor the activities of license and permit holders in the area

c) Prevent any illegal act in the area

d) Administer the revenues collected from the area in accordance with this Act.

The Bill also authorized the National Biodiversity and Wildlife Fund (Part V). The Fund consists of (para.44): (i) the proceeds from the sale of biological produce extracted from the reserve area; (ii) fifty percent of all fees and royalties received under this Act; (iii) monies earned from projects financed from the Fund; and (iv) grants, donations and endowments received from sources within and outside The Gambia. The Director, DPWM, submits to the Honorable Minister, his or her estimate of the income and expenditure from the fund for each reserve area.

6. RELEVANT WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES

The World Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to improve decision making.

 Environmental Assessment is a process whose breadth, depth, and type of analysis depend on the nature, scale, and potential environmental impact of the proposed project.  Environmental Assessment evaluates a project's potential environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence; examines project alternatives; identifies ways of improving project selection, siting, planning, design, and implementation by preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensating for adverse environmental impacts and enhancing positive impacts; and includes the process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughout project implementation.  The World Bank favors preventive measures over mitigatory or compensatory measures, whenever feasible.

 

Environmental Assessment takes into account: the natural environment (air, water and land); human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples and physical cultural resources); and transboundary and global environmental aspects.  Environmental Assessment considers natural and social aspects in an integrated way.  It also takes into account the variations in project and country conditions; the findings of country environmental studies; national environmental action plans; the country's overall policy framework, national legislation, and institutional capabilities related to the environment and social aspects; and obligations of the country, pertaining to project activities, under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements.  The Bank does not finance project activities that would contravene such country obligations, as identified during the Environmental Assessment. It is initiated as early as possible in project processing and is integrated closely with the economic, financial, institutional, social, and technical analyses of a proposed project.

 

The Bank advises the borrower on the Bank's Environmental Assessment requirements.  The Bank reviews the findings and recommendations of the Environmental Assessment to determine whether they provide an adequate basis for processing the project for Bank financing.  When the borrower has completed or partially completed Environmental Assessment work prior to the Bank's involvement in a project, the Bank reviews the EA to ensure its consistency with this policy.  The Bank may, if appropriate, require additional EA work, including public consultation and disclosure.

 

 

Environmental and Social Assessment Instruments

 Depending on the project, a range of instruments can be used to satisfy the Bank's EA requirement:  environmental and social impact assessment (EIA), regional or sectoral EA, environmental and social audit, hazard or risk assessment, and environmental and social management plan (ESMP).  

This project after screening was ranked as category B. It was then agreed to conduct an ESMP to suit the need for Environmental and social Assessment prior to the implementation of the Gambia Biodiversity Management & Institutional Strengthening Project.

 

Environmental Screening

 The Bank undertakes environmental and social screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate extent and type of Environmental and Social Assessment.  The Bank classifies the proposed project into one of four categories, depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its potential social and environmental impacts. The Gambia Biodiversity Management & Institutional Strengthening (GBMIS) proposed project is designed to have significant positive environmental and social impacts, through Strengthened field effectiveness of biodiversity and protected areas management; promoting long term sustainable financing vision; and strengthening institutional capacity for PAs and biodiversity management. It is classified as Category B, because investments in construction and/or rehabilitation of physical structures (i.e., offices, information enters in Kiang West and Tanji, waterholes, trails etc) and provision of matching grants for community sub-projects in and around these two protected areas may pose negative impacts. These impacts are expected to minimal, site-specific and easily manageable.

Institutional Capacity

The Government of the Gambia has adequate legal or technical capacity to carry out key Environmental and Social Assessment -related functions (such as review of ESIA, environmental and social monitoring, inspections, or management of mitigatory measures) for the proposed project; the proposed project in its operational Manual, has included components to meaningfully implement the recommendations herein found and agreed.

 

Public Consultation

The ESMP was prepared following a broad-based consultation framework, involving all relevant stakeholders. During the Environmental and Social Management planning (ESMP) process, the Department of Parks and Wildlife Management together with the consultant consulted the project-affected groups and relevant partners – including Ministry of Environment, in particular the National Environmental Agency, Representatives from the Coastal and Marine Environment Working Group - about the project's social and environmental aspects and their views form an integral part of the document. Consultations are expected to continue during and after implementation for better monitoring of project activities and impacts.

Disclosure

After approval by the Safeguard Specialists on the project team, the ESMP will be disclosed in-country and at World Bank InfoShop, prior to appraisal.

Implementation

During project implementation, the implementing agency (DPWM) will report on:

(a) Compliance with measures agreed with the Bank on the basis of the findings and results of the ESMP as set out in the project documents; (b) The status of mitigatory measures; and (c) The findings of monitoring programs.

The Bank bases supervision of the project's social and environmental aspects on the findings and recommendations of the ESMP, including measures set out in the legal agreements and other project documents.

7. IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT

The project as a priority intervention of the government to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of biodiversity and protected areas management in The Gambia falls within the mandate of the line Ministry of Forestry and the Environment (MOFEN) and will be implemented through the existing institutional arrangements for the implementation of the national environment and social management and development programmes.

The overall coordination and execution of the Project will be the responsibility of DPWM, as the focal point for biodiversity. DPWM will set up a Project Management Unit (PMU) comprised of a Project Coordinator (Government staff, unless otherwise), Procurement Officer, Monitoring and Evaluation Officer, Accountant, Admin Assistant and some field support staff. The PMU together with the protected areas unit of DPWM will coordinate and oversee the implementation of sub-projects in villages around pilot sites. Activities will be executed in collaboration with local government partners, NGOs, and beneficiaries, largely through existing institutional coordination forums including DDC, VDC, MDFT, CBOs, TACs and other relevant stakeholders.

The PMU will have overall responsibility for the operational implementation of the project. In specific terms this will, inter alias include:

i) Designing the TOR’s and the Request for quotation for the construction and renovation consultancy taking into consideration the findings of this study.

ii) Recruiting construction firm eligible to build the offices IN TBR and renovate premises in KWNP and advice the builder on the findings and recommendations of this study.

iii) Assisting local communities adjacent to pilot sites in the identification, elaboration and implementation of Sub projects for community livelihood.

iv) Organizing, assisting and building capacity of stakeholders in addressing issues highlighted in this study that may have negative impacts on community livelihood.

v) Liaising with other relevant stakeholders in the monitoring of Works and sub-projects implementation and evaluate their impacts and mitigation as identified in this study.

vi) Developing a strong marketing strategy for eco-tourism development in and around pilot sites which takes into consideration the recommendations of this study in mitigating potential impacts of tourism development in Pilot sites.

vii) Preparing annual work plan and budget including procurement schedule,

viii) Implementing monitoring and evaluation plan of this study and use evaluation findings to adopt corrective measures if necessary,

Internal Review: The PSC will ensure that the monitoring and evaluation plan of this study is implemented and recommendations adhered to.

|PART A: INSTITUTIONAL & ADMINISTRATIVE |

|Country |The Gambia |

|Project title |The Gambia Biodiversity Management and Institutional Strengthening Project |

|Scope of project and activity |This is Medium Size Project and its scope entails strengthening of DPWM, construction and rehabilitation of |

| |infrastructures of two PA and community sustainable livelihood sub-projects |

|Institutional arrangements |WB |Project Management |Local Counterpart and/or Recipient |

|(Name and contacts) |(Project Team Leader) | | |

| |Liba Feldblyum |Permanent Secretary, Ministry of |Department of Parks and Wildlife Management |

| | |Forestry & Environment | |

| | | | |

|Implementation arrangements |Safeguard Supervision |Local Counterpart Supervision |Local Inspectorate |Contactor |

|(Name and contacts) | | |Supervision | |

|SITE DESCRIPTION |

|Name of site |Tanji Bird Reserve and Kiang West National Park |

|Describe site location |Located in the Gambia and part of the protected areas network |Attachment 1: Site Map [ ]Y [ ] N (see annex |

| |system of the government under the management of the DPWM. |3) |

|Who owns the land? |The state/ Government and managed by the DPWM |

|Geographic description | |

|LEGISLATION |

|Identify national & local legislation & |EIA/ ESMP - Procedures of the NEMA act of the National Environment Agency |

|permits that apply to project activity | |

|PUBLIC CONSULTATION |

|Identify when / where the public |The identification, planning, management consultations started during the design of the project proposal. The|

|consultation process took place |consultant together with senior staff of the DPWM went on site visits in Tanji and Dumbuto to meet and |

| |discuss with stakeholders. (list of meeting participants attached as annex 2.) |

|INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING |

|Will there be any capacity building? |[` X ] N or [ ]Y if Yes, Attachment 2 includes the capacity building program |

8. ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL SCREENING, ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT

|PART B: ENVIRONMENTAL /SOCIAL SCREENING |

|Will the site activity |Activity and potential issues and/or impacts |Status |Additional references |

|include/involve any of | | | |

|the following potential | | | |

|issues and/or impacts: | | | |

| | Building rehabilitation |[x ] Yes [ ] No |See Section B below |

| |Site specific vehicular traffic | | |

| |Increase in dust and noise from demolition and/or construction | | |

| |Construction waste | | |

| | New construction |[x ] Yes [ ] No |See Section B below |

| |Excavation impacts and soil erosion | | |

| |Increase sediment loads in receiving waters | | |

| |Site specific vehicular traffic | | |

| |Increase in dust and noise from demolition and/or construction | | |

| |Construction waste | | |

| | Individual wastewater treatment system |[ ] Yes [x ] No |See Section C below |

| |Effluent and / or discharges into receiving waters | | |

| | Historic building(s) and districts |[ ] Yes [x ] No |See Section D below |

| |Risk of damage to known/unknown historical or archaeological sites | | |

| | Acquisition of land[1] |[ ] Yes [x ] No |See Section E below |

| |Encroachment on private property | | |

| |Relocation of project affected persons | | |

| |Involuntary resettlement | | |

| |Impacts on livelihood incomes | | |

| |Hazardous or toxic materials[2] |[ ] Yes [x ] No |See Section F below |

| |Removal and disposal of toxic and/or hazardous demolition and / or | | |

| |construction waste | | |

| |Storage of machine oils and lubricants | | |

| |Impacts on forests and/or protected areas |[ ] Yes [x ] No |See Section G below |

| |Encroachment on designated forests, buffer and /or protected areas | | |

| |Disturbance of locally protected animal habitat | | |

| |Handling / management of medical waste |[ ] Yes [x ] No |See Section H below |

| |Clinical waste, sharps, pharmaceutical products (cytoxic and hazardous | | |

| |chemical waste), radioactive waste, organic domestic waste, non-organic | | |

| |domestic waste | | |

| |On site or off-site disposal of medical waste | | |

| |Traffic and Pedestrian Safety |[ ] Yes [ x] No |See Section I below |

| |Site specific vehicular traffic | | |

| |Site is in a populated area | | |

|ACTIVITY |PARAMETER |GOOD PRACTICES MITIGATION MEASURES CHECKLIST |

|A. General Conditions |Notification and Worker Safety | The local construction and environment inspectorates and communities have been notified of upcoming activities |

| | |The public has been notified of the works through appropriate notification in the media and/or at publicly accessible sites (including the |

| | |site of the works) |

| | |All legally required permits (to include not limited to land use, resource use, dumping, sanitary inspection permit) have been acquired for|

| | |construction and/or rehabilitation |

| | |All work will be carried out in a safe and disciplined manner designed to minimize impacts on neighboring residents and environment. |

| | |Workers’ PPE will comply with international good practice (always hardhats, as needed masks and safety glasses, harnesses and safety boots)|

| | |Appropriate signposting of the sites will inform workers of key rules and regulations to follow. |

|B. General |Air Quality |During interior demolition use debris-chutes above the first floor |

|Rehabilitation and /or | |Keep demolition debris in controlled area and spray with water mist to reduce debris dust |

|Construction Activities | |Suppress dust during pneumatic drilling/wall destruction by ongoing water spraying and/or installing dust screen enclosures at site |

| | |Keep surrounding environment (side walks, roads) free of debris to minimize dust |

| | |There will be no open burning of construction / waste material at the site |

| | |There will be no excessive idling of construction vehicles at sites |

| |Noise |Construction noise will be limited to restricted times agreed to in the permit |

| | |During operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment should be closed, and equipment |

| | |placed as far away from residential areas as possible |

| |Water Quality |The site will establish appropriate erosion and sediment control measures such as e.g. hay bales and / or silt fences to prevent sediment |

| | |from moving off site and causing excessive turbidity in nearby streams and rivers. |

| |Waste management |Waste collection and disposal pathways and sites will be identified for all major waste types expected from demolition and construction |

| | |activities. |

| | |Mineral construction and demolition wastes will be separated from general refuse, organic, liquid and chemical wastes by on-site sorting |

| | |and stored in appropriate containers. |

| | |Construction waste will be collected and disposed properly by licensed collectors |

| | |The records of waste disposal will be maintained as proof for proper management as designed. |

| | |Whenever feasible the contractor will reuse and recycle appropriate and viable materials (except asbestos) |

|C. Individual wastewater|Water Quality |The approach to handling sanitary wastes and wastewater from building sites (installation or reconstruction) must be approved by the local |

|treatment system | |authorities |

| | |Before being discharged into receiving waters, effluents from individual wastewater systems must be treated in order to meet the minimal |

| | |quality criteria set out by national guidelines on effluent quality and wastewater treatment |

| | |Monitoring of new wastewater systems (before/after) will be carried out |

|D. Historic building(s) |Cultural Heritage |If the building is a designated historic structure, very close to such a structure, or located in a designated historic district, notify |

| | |and obtain approval/permits from local authorities and address all construction activities in line with local and national legislation |

| | |Ensure that provisions are put in place so that artifacts or other possible “chance finds” encountered in excavation or construction are |

| | |noted, officials contacted, and works activities delayed or modified to account for such finds. |

|E. Acquisition of land |Land Acquisition Plan/Framework |If expropriation of land was not expected and is required, or if loss of access to income of legal or illegal users of land was not |

| | |expected but may occur, that the bank task Team Leader is consulted. |

| | |The approved Land Acquisition Plan/Framework (if required by the project) will be implemented |

|F. Toxic Materials |Asbestos management |If asbestos is located on the project site, mark clearly as hazardous material |

| | |When possible the asbestos will be appropriately contained and sealed to minimize exposure |

| | |The asbestos prior to removal (if removal is necessary) will be treated with a wetting agent to minimize asbestos dust |

| | |Asbestos will be handled and disposed by skilled & experienced professionals |

| | |If asbestos material is be stored temporarily, the wastes should be securely enclosed inside closed containments and marked appropriately |

| | |The removed asbestos will not be reused |

| |Toxic / hazardous waste management |Temporarily storage on site of all hazardous or toxic substances will be in safe containers labeled with details of composition, properties|

| | |and handling information |

| | |The containers of hazardous substances should be placed in an leak-proof container to prevent spillage and leaching |

| | |The wastes are transported by specially licensed carriers and disposed in a licensed facility. |

| | |Paints with toxic ingredients or solvents or lead-based paints will not be used |

|G. Affects forests |Protection |All recognized natural habitats and protected areas in the immediate vicinity of the activity will not be damaged or exploited, all staff |

|and/or protected areas | |will be strictly prohibited from hunting, foraging, logging or other damaging activities. |

| | |For large trees in the vicinity of the activity, mark and cordon off with a fence large tress and protect root system and avoid any damage |

| | |to the trees |

| | |Adjacent wetlands and streams will be protected, from construction site run-off, with appropriate erosion and sediment control feature to |

| | |include by not limited to hay bales, silt fences |

| | |There will be no unlicensed borrow pits, quarries or waste dumps in adjacent areas, especially not in protected areas. |

|H. Disposal of medical |Infrastructure for medical waste |In compliance with national regulations the contractor will insure that newly constructed and/or rehabilitated health care facilities |

|waste |management |include sufficient infrastructure for medical waste handling and disposal; this includes and not limited to: |

| | |Special facilities for segregated healthcare waste (including soiled instruments “sharps”, and human tissue or fluids) from other waste |

| | |disposal: |

| | |Clinical waste: yellow bags and containers |

| | |Sharps – Special puncture resistant containers/boxes |

| | |Domestic waste (non-organic): black bags and containers |

| | |Appropriate storage facilities for medical waste are in place; and |

| | |If the activity includes facility-based treatment, appropriate disposal options are in place and operational |

|I Traffic and Pedestrian|Direct or indirect hazards to public |In compliance with national regulations the contractor will insure that the construction site is properly secured and construction related |

|Safety |traffic and pedestrians by construction |traffic regulated. This includes but is not limited to |

| |activities |Signposting, warning signs, barriers and traffic diversions: site will be clearly visible and the public warned of all potential hazards |

| | |Traffic management system and staff training, especially for site access and near-site heavy traffic. Provision of safe passages and |

| | |crossings for pedestrians where construction traffic interferes. |

| | |Adjustment of working hours to local traffic patterns, e.g. avoiding major transport activities during rush hours or times of livestock |

| | |movement |

| | |Active traffic management by trained and visible staff at the site, if required for safe and convenient passage for the public. |

| | |Ensuring safe and continuous access to office facilities, shops and residences during renovation activities, if the buildings stay open for|

| | |the public. |

9. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS

Infrastructural development activity generally implies impact on the environment especially physical infrastructural development in an ecologically important area like a protected area may generate some potential impact(s) on the landscape and the ecology of the species there-in. However, on the basis of our findings in the ESMP, there will be no construction/rehabilitation on either biotic communities or the natural landscape.

Construction/Rehabilitation Impacts

It is imperative to clear vegetation to expand the current headquarter site in Tanji Bird Reserve. The following minor impacts are identified:

• The number of office space needed, if not planned properly can bear serious impact on the vegetation. An area should be cleared for accommodation purposes.

• Waste disposal (solid debris of construction and the branches of the shrubs and young trees) might be an issue if not coordinated accordingly by the project proponent and or the beneficiaries. The disposal of branches and shrubs should be well coordinated to avoid illegal fuelwood collection in Tanji Bird Reserve.

• The replaced construction materials for rehabilitation in the Kiang West National Park should be disposed accordingly or re-used in other development initiatives elsewhere in the park.

• The use of machinery in clearing and construction may have impact on the natural landscape by bringing dust and noise.

• Ecotourism infrastructures development: noise and visual pollution, overcrowding can be serious challenges to protected area managers especially in Tanji Bird Reserve because of its rather small size compared to KWNP.

• Tourism marketing is expected to attract lot of visitors and thereby increase pollution and disturbances to wildlife in the park and reserve. Looking at the fragility of the Bijol Islands, this can be a serious concern.

Sub-Projects Impacts

From the discussions with the local communities in Tanji as well as in Kiang West, some kinds of sub-projects are already identified during project document preparation. Bee keeping and eco-tourism were identified as potential sub-projects in and around Tanji Bird Reserve whilst Bee keeping and gardening were proposed for communities living around the Kiang West National Park.

Even though the threats anticipated in both areas were minor, solid mitigation measures were considered against any eventuality. The traditional use of fire for honey harvesting can have potential impacts on the vegetation. For gardening activities, the use of fertilizer, pesticides, lands clearing are the most likely activities that can impact on the biodiversity around the Protected Area.

Ecotourism Development Impacts

The project is envisaging developing the tourist attraction in the two pilot sites. A strong marketing strategy will be devised, and Tanji may not only benefit because of its proximity to the hotel industry but also with the two offshore Bijol Islands. These two areas are important breeding, wintering and feeding grounds for numerous migratory species of birds as well as marine turtles. The project envisages to build on the existing boat trip and to organise regular sightseeing activities from Brufut Beach to the Bijol Islands. The potential increase in number of the visiting tourists should be well managed in order to discourage overcrowding and littering, especially during the breeding season on Bijol Islands in Tanji Bird Reserve.

Beekeeping Development Impacts

The issue of beekeeping within the protected area and the surrounding is as well an income generating source and like the eco tourism sub-project, it helps job creation with a commensurable benefit in the pollination of flowers by the bee workers. This sub-project in the case of Tanji is supposed to go along with a demarcating acajou tree strand around the protected area as buffer zone enrichment. The traditional method of harvesting that requires the use of fire is to be prohibited.

Gardening Development Impacts

As a routine specificity in Kiang West, no major impact was mentioned in the concern of this activity. The field is flat which limits run-off and there is no need for tree felling to acquire space.

10. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT APPROACH

As some form of environmental damage may occur possibly by contractors during construction/rehabilitation activities since both will be done in a protected area. The process may involve vegetation clearing, dust, waste disposal, vehicular movement in transportation of materials and workers etc, necessary mitigation measures would constitute an integral part of the design and implementation including the contracts binding the contractors to carry out the environmental obligations in management of both the construction and rehabilitation projects.

Mitigation Measures during Construction/Rehabilitation

• The area required for construction of an office space in Tanji Bird Reserve is agreed to cover 35meters x 15meters and the shape should be in semi-circular so as to minimize damage on the vegetation. The visitor /resources center is planned to be in front of the offices and the design should be considered during the preparation of the works and construction RFP document.

• Planting of same or related species of trees and shrubs cleared/felled at building site to other areas of the PA to compensate for the lost of those species and/ or to off-set carbon sink

• All cleared/felled trees and shrubs in Trail and Guard/Ranger post constructions will be compensated else where in the Protected areas.

• The cleared plants and shrubs will be given to Site Management Committee which will be sold at a reasonable price to the community for fuelwood and the proceeds will be safe in their account for future management purposes.

• In KWNP, the removed construction materials will be re-used in other development initiatives by the staff of the reserve.

• The general colour choice is green on all exterior walls and decorations while brown/cream will be used for the interior

• No soil erosion is anticipated at both sites

• The contractor should strictly follow the guidelines of National Environmental Management Council’s guidelines on waste disposal and recycling with minimal or no impact on the ecology of the sites.

• No incident of fires during constructions/ rehabilitation. Fire safety measures will be put in place at both sites.

• Both sites are (i.e. construction and rehabilitation) are not on a migratory route/corridor, nesting sites, sacred site and/ or does not involve eviction or housing issues. The project will not proceed beyond the existing Process Framework.

• Use of machinery and other equipment in the construction process would be minimized as possible to avoid any potential negative impact on the natural landscape and the ecology of the associated species

Mitigations of Social Impacts

Important mitigating measures against the eventual social impacts have been highlighted during the gathering with the communities over the mentioned sub-projects.

Eco-tourism

1- The design of the marketing strategy to be implemented during the project will highlight procedures to be used to increase potential visitors in the PA’s. In the eventuality to avoid overcrowding on the sites, the tourism development must consider option in controlling entry numbers by increasing fees, early booking and other means to discourage large number of visitors in the areas at any giving time.

2- During breeding period on the Bijol Islands, the number of visits will be minimized in order to avoid possible and frequent human disturbances.

3- As an island with protection measures, it is suggested the demarcation of its limits to enhance quietude which is conducive to wildlife proliferation

4- Eco-guides will frequently liaise with park managers to adequately satisfy the visitors need but also efficiently safeguard the resources.

Beekeeping

1- The project is expected to provide bee-keeping equipments to discourage traditional method of honey harvesting which tend to use fire during operations.

2- Smoking sites will be identified to prevent or limit fire usage in the area

Gardening

1- The use of fertilizer, pesticides and other relevant chemicals will be discouraged and farmers will be trained in the framework of the sub-project implementation to use organic fertilizers.

2- Environmentally and socially friendly products are given priority in the treatment of the trials during the implementation of sub-projects on community gardening.

3- It will be strictly prohibited to use chemicals on the already harvested products

11. MONITORING AND REPORTING

|PART C | |

|Masaneh Camara |Kiang West Nat.Park |

|Lamin Bajo |Kiang West Nat.Park |

|Pa Musa Darbo |Kiang West Nat.Park |

|Gibril Darboe |Kiang West Nat.Park |

|Ebrima Signateh |Kiang West Nat.Park |

|Fa Bakary Sora |Kiang West Nat.Park |

|Baba Touray |Kiang West Nat.Park |

|Saikou Bajo |Kiang West Nat.Park |

|Lamin Njie |Kiang West Nat.Park |

|Sukutou Darboe |Kiang West Nat.Park |

|Masaneh Njie |Kiang West Nat.Park |

|Sutay Njie |Kuly Kunda |

|Khady Sanyang |Batelling |

|Oulaymata Sanyang |Batelling |

|Molifa Touray |Bajana |

|Fa Kebba Drammeh |Jally |

|Siyabatou Samateh |Jally |

|Bafoday Moji Njie |Kully Kunda |

|Nyanko Manjang |Dumbutu |

|Jarra Darboe |Dumbutu |

|Modou Jallow |Kully Kunda VDC |

|Fatou Bajo |Bajana |

|Biray Drammeh |Jally |

|Buramanding Samateh |Jally |

|Suteh Sanneh |Tanji Bird Reserve |

|Nima Njie |Tanji Bird Reserve |

|Fatou Cissey |Tanji Bird Reserve |

|Jerreh Njie |Tanji Bird Reserve |

|Lamin Manneh |Tanji Bird Reserve |

|Jamanty Badjie |Tanji Bird Reserve |

|Wandifa Jaiteh |Tanji Councilor of Elders |

|Malamin Bojang |Tanji SMC Chairman |

|Binta Darboe |Madyana SMC |

|Ismaila Jarju |G/Town |

|Fakebba Kolley |Tanji village rep. |

|Amaranding Gaye |Brufut |

|Buba M. Manneh |Brufut /SMC |

|Bajamba Bojang |Brufut |

|Ousman Sanneh |Brufut |

|Marian Narkwah |G/Town. |

|Sara Dugan |Ghana Town |

Annex: 3: BIRD OF KIANG WEST NATIONAL PARK

Great white egret – Pelecanus onocrtalus Pink backed pelican- Pelecanus rufescens

Hammer kop – Scopus umbretta Geeat cormorent – Phalacrocorax carb

Lag tailed cormorat – Phalacrocorax africanus African darter- Anhinga rufa

Black crowned night hero – nycticorax nycticorax Cattle egret – Bubulcus lbis

Squacca heron – Ardeola ralloides Striated heron – Butorides striatus

Black egret – egretta ardesiaca Intermediate egret – egretta intermedia

Western eeef heron – egretta gularies Little egret – egtellagarzetta

Great white egret – egretta alba Black headed hero n– Ardea melanocephala

Grey heron – Ardea cinerea Goliath heron – Ardea goliath

Purple heron – Ardea pururea Woolly necked storic – ciconia episcopus

Yellow billed stork – mycteria lbis African spoon bill – platalea alba

European spoon bill – Platalealeucorodia Greater flamingo – Phoenicopterus ruber

Knob billed duck – sarkidiornis melanotos Spur winged goose – Plectropterus gamensis

White faced whistling duck – Dendrocygna viduata Sacred lbis – Threkiornis aethiopicus

Osprey – Pandion haliaetus African harrier hawk – Polyboroides typus

Palmnut vulture – Gypohierax angolensis Pied crow – corvus albus

Hooded vulture – necrosyretes monachus Ruppell’s griffon vulture – gyps rueppellii

White backed vulture – Gyps africanus White headed vulture – Trigonoceps occipitalis

Martial eagle – Polemaetes bellicosus Crowned eagle – Stephanoaetes coronates

African fish eagle – Haliaeetus vocifer Tawny eagle – Aquita rapax

Wahlberg’s eagle – Aquila wahlbergi African hawk eagle – Hieraaetus spilogaster

Booted eagle – Hieraaetus pennatus Long crested eagle – Lophaetus occipitalis

Bateleur eagle – Terathopius ecoudatus Brown snake eagle – circaetus cinereus Western banded snake eagle – Circaetus cineraseens Short toed eagle – Circaetus gallicus

Black kite – milvus migrans Bat hawk – mackeiramphus alcinus

Grass hopper buzzard – Butastur rufipennis Black shouldered kite – eklanus caeruleus

African swallow tailed kite – chelictinia riocourii Montagu’s harrier – Circus pygargus

Pallid harier – Circus macrourus Eurasian marsh harrier – Circus aeruginosus

Dark chonting gos hawk – melierax metabates Gabargoshawk-micronisusgabar

Shikra - accipter badius Lizard buzzard-kaupifal comonogrammicus

Peregrinefalcon –falcon peregrinus Lanner falcon-falcon biarmicus

African hobby – falcon cuvierii Euresian hobby -falcon subbuteo

Red necked falcon -falcon chicquera Grey kestrel –falcon ardosiaceus

Double spurred francolin –francolinus bicakaratus Stone partindge –ptilopechus petrosus

Helneted guinea fowl –numide meleagris Common quail –coturnix coturnix

Four banded sand grouse –pterocles quadricinctus Black creke –amaurornis flavirostris

African jacana –actophilornis africanus African fin foot podica sensgalensis

Black bellied bustard –eupodotis melanogaster Bronze winged courser –rhinoptilus chalcopterus

Temminck’s courser –cursonus temminckii Spotted thick –knee burhinus capensis

Senegal thick knee burhinus senegalensis Black headed plover -vanellus teclus

Spurwinged plover –vanellus spenosus Wattle polver -vanellus senegallus

Greny plover –pluvialis squatarole Little ringed plover -charadrus dubius

Ringed plover -charadrius hiaticule Kittli ts’s plover –charabrius pecuarius

Whimbrel –numenius phaeopus Black tailed godwit –limosa limosa

Bar tailed godwit –limosa lapponica Common green shank –tringa nebularia

Marsh sand piper –tringa stagnatilis Common sand piper –actilis hypoleucos

Wood sand piper –tringa glareola Commno red hank –tringa tolanus

Pied avocet –recurvirostra avosetta Black winged stilt –himaltopus himantopus

Ruddy turnstone –arenaria interpress Little stint –calidris minuta

Sanderhing –calidris alba Curlew sand piper –calidris ferruginea

Grey headed gull – larus cirrocephalus Sleender billed gull - larus genei

Lesser black back gull – larus fuscus Caspian tern – sterna caspia

Royal tern – sterna maxima crested tern – sterna bengalenis

Sandwich tern – sterna sandvicensis Gull billed tern – gellochelidon nilotica

White wingedblack – childonias leucopterus Black tern – Chlidonias niger

Little tern – Sterna albifrons Laughing dove – streptopelia sengalenise

Back billed wood dove – turtur abyssinicus Speckled pigeon – columba guinea

Bruece’s green pigeon- Treron waalia Namaqua dove - oena capensi

Red eyed dove- Streptopelia semitorquata African mourning dove- streptopelia decipiens

TANJI BIRD CHECKLIST

Great white egret – Pelecanus onocrtalus Pink backed pelican- Pelecanus rufescens

Hammer kop – Scopus umbretta Great cormorant – Phalacrocorax carb

Long tailed cormorant – Phalacrocorax africanus African darter- Anhinga rufa

Black crowned night hero n– nycticorax nycticorax Cattle egret – Bubulcus lbis

Squacca heron – Ardeola ralloides Striated heron – Butorides striatus

Black egret – egretta ardesiaca Intermediate egret – egretta intermedia

Western reeef heron – egretta gularies Little egret – egtellagarzetta

Great white egret – egretta alba Black headed hero n– Ardea melanocephala

Grey heron – Ardea cinerea Osprey - pandion haliaetus

Wilson’s sorn peterl – oceanites British storm petrel – hydrobates pelagicur

Great cormorant- phalacrocorax carbo Kentish plover –charadrius alexandrius

White fronted plover – charadrius marginatus Eurasian curlew – numenius arguata

Eurasian oyster catcher – hedmatopus ostrelegus Ruff – philomachus pugnax

Red knot – calidris canutus Dunlin – calidris alpina

Artic skua – strecorarius parasiticus Audouin’s gull – largs audouinii

Kelp gull – larus dominicanus Yellow legged gull – larus cachinnans

Bridle tern

Animal checklist in Kiang West National Park

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFC NAME

1. Leopard Panthera pardus

2. Spotted Hyena Crouta crocuta

3. Bush Buck Antelope Tragelaphus s. S criputs

4. Guienea Baboon Papio papio

5. Patas Monkey Erythrocebus badius temminckii

6. Gambian Mongoose Mugos gambians

7. Senegal bushbaby Galago senegalensis

8. Common Warthog Phacochoerus africanus

9. Maxwell’s Duker Cephalopus maxwellii

10. Callithix Monkey Chloro cebus sabaeus

11. Cape clawles otler Anoyx capenses

12. West African manatee Trichechus senegalensis

13. Nile crocodile Varanus n. niloticus

14. Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus

15. Common Genet Genetta genetta

16. African Civet Civetticitis civetla

17. Roan Antelope ` Hippotragus equinus

18. Sitatunga Tragelaphus spekii

19. Common Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops truncatus

20. Forest Genet Genetta Parduna

21. Spotled genet

22. Ardvaak olgeteropus afer

23. Hedgehog Ecinaceus alliventus

24. Red colobus Monkey Piliocolobus badieus temminckii

25. Banded mongoose Mungos mongo

26. Hare lebus saxatilis

27. Striped grond squirrel Euxeruserythropus

28. Gambia sun squirrel Heliosciurus gambianus

29. Striped grond squirrel Euvenis erythropus

30. Gambia sun squirrel Heliosciurus gambianus

Annex 4: site maps

[pic]

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[1] Land acquisitions includes displacement of people, change of livelihood encroachment on private property this is to land that is purchased/transferred and affects people who are living and/or squatters and/or operate a business (kiosks) on land that is being acquired.

[2] Toxic / hazardous material includes and is not limited to asbestos, toxic paints, removal of lead paint, etc.

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E2600

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