Chapter 17 – From Gene to Protein
Chapter 17 – From Gene to ProteinDescribe how the genotype of an organism is turned into the phenotype.When the genetic material was first being isolated and studied, there was a controversy about it being protein or DNA (as discussed in Chapter 16). Those that backed protein as the genetic material almost got it right. Discuss what the connection was between the two molecules that was missed.Discuss THREE ways that the mRNA used in protein synthesis differs from the original RNA transcript. What is the apparent function of each of the alterations or modifications?The enantiomer form of a candidate drug from the Eli Lilly Co. was found to cause deletions of two base pairs at various intervals in the DNA of test animals. Explain to the stockholders why the drug should or should not be put into commercial production (details at the molecular level are important in your answer).A new candidate drug produced by Eli Lilly damages a transcription factor molecule. Describe the probable outcome of this damage and speculate on what results it might have on the organism.Another Eli Lilly candidate drug impairs the function of the large unit of the prokaryotic ribosome. Discuss if this drug would have any potential use in controlling bacterial diseases and if it would be expected to be dangerous to humans.Describe a mechanism used to route the production of a protein for exportation out of a cell.Assume that one backbone of a DNA molecule has the sequence given below. A-T-G-G-G-G-G-C-G-A-T-A-T-T-T-T-A-T-C-C-G-A-C-GFor this sequence:give the expected sequence of the other DNA backbone.give the RNA sequence transcribed from the original DNA backbone.give the Amino Acid sequence of the protein built from the original DNA backbone. Contrast and compare the following mutations in terms of the genetic code:Nonsense mutationSense mutationMissense mutationImagine that an accident has exposed you to a mutagen. However, the medical report indicates that only your germ cells (not your somatic cells) have been affected by the exposure. Speculate on how this might or might not change your future.Discuss TWO mechanisms or process that ensure the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.12. Suppose that a burst of X-rays have caused a sequence change in the TATA box of a particular gene. Speculate on what affect this might this on the transcription and translation of the gene?13. Discuss why the definition of “what is a gene” has recently been expanded to non- protein molecules. ................
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