DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY ...

DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT D: BUDGETARY AFFAIRS

The Results and Efficiency of Railway Infrastructure Financing within the EU

STUDY

Abstract

Upon request by the Committee on Budgetary Control (CONT) this study analyses the results, efficiency and effectiveness of the EU investment in rail infrastructure with a special focus on cross border rail projects. Beginning with a discussion of the reasons for the moderate success of EU railway policy it investigates four case studies with a focus on effectiveness of funding schemes and success of removing bottlenecks, particularly at border crossings, to improve attractiveness of the railway mode. Recommendations are given for a more efficient joint development of a European rail network by the Member States and the EU and a further development of funding schemes tailored to railways.

IP/B/TRAN/FWC/2010-006/LOT4/C1/SC8 PE 552.308

30/09/2015 EN

This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Budgetary Control. It designated Mr Markus Pieper, MEP, to follow the study.

AUTHORS

Mr Claus DOLL, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI Mr Werner ROTHENGATTER, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Mr Wolfgang SCHADE, M-Five GmbH Mobility, Futures, Innovation, Economics

RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR

Ms Vera MILICEVIC Policy Department D: Budgetary Affairs European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: vera.milicevic@ep.europa.eu

LINGUISTIC VERSIONS

Original: EN Translation: FR, DE

ABOUT THE EDITOR

Policy Departments provide in-house and external expertise to support European Parliament's committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation and exercising democratic scrutiny over EU policies. To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its newsletter please write to: poldep-budg@europarl.europa.eu

Manuscript completed in October 2015. Brussels, ? European Union, 2015.

This document is available on the Internet at:

DISCLAIMER

The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament.

Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy.

The Results and Efficiency of Railway Infrastructure Financing within the EU ____________________________________________________________________________________________

CONTENTS

CONTENTS

3

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

7

LIST OF TABLES

11

LIST OF MAPS

11

LIST OF FIGURES

11

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

13

1. INTRODUCTION

19

2. EUROPEAN RAILWAY POLICY

21

2.1. Railway Market organisation and competition policy

22

2.2. Variety and Regulation of Technical Standards

24

2.3. Infrastructure Investment Policy

26

2.4. Policy Achievements

27

3. EUROPEAN RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING

31

3.1. European Funding Options for rail projects

32

3.1.1. National Funding

32

3.1.2. EU Funding of transport infrastructure

34

3.1.2.2 EIB-Loans and Loan Guarantee Instrument for TEN-T Projects (LGTT)

36

3.1.2.3 EU Project bonds

36

3.1.2.4 Developing new schemes for European Infrastructure Projects

37

3.2. Past EU Railway funding 2000 ? 2006 and 2007 ? 2013

39

3.2.1. Expenditures in the funding period 2000 ? 2006

39

3.2.2. Expenditures in the funding period 2007 ? 2013

43

3.3. TEN-T and CEF funds for 2014 to 2020

48

3.4. The role of EFSI and CEF

51

4. CASE STUDIES

53

4.1. Case Study Selection and Design

53

4.2. PP11: ?resund fixed link

54

4.2.1. Transport impacts and bottlenecks

54

4.2.2. Impact assessment and funding

55

4.2.3. Regional and cross-border impacts

55

4.2.4. Conclusions

55

4.3. PP2: The pbkal northern european high speed netWOrk

55

3

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