Textbook Guided Reading – Students will answer a series of ...



Mr. Sullivan Name _______________________

AP World History Date ___________________

Textbook Guided Reading POD 4 Mediterranean Democracy Period ________

Directions: Please complete these questions as a means to BEGIN studying and preparing for the upcoming POD test. It is your responsibility to complete this task by the due date. You may wish to refer to your class notes and materials, as well as your textbook for assistance in the completion of this task.

All answers should be placed on the answer worksheet below

Each Question is worth 1 point

Nota bene: The corresponding textbook page numbers are included with each question for your assistance.

|Ques|Answer |

|tion| |

|b. |southwestern Macedonia. |

|c. |the island of Crete. |

|d. |the island of Malta. |

|e. |the hills of Anatolia. |

REF: p. 88

2. Although Minoan writing is undeciphered, Minoan artifacts indicate that

|a. |they were completely isolated from the Mediterranean world. |

|b. |they had widespread trade connections. |

|c. |they disliked goods from other lands. |

|d. |most Minoans were illiterate. |

|e. |they came from Anatolia. |

REF: p. 88

3. Which civilization collapsed first?

|a. |Minoan |

|b. |Mycenaean |

|c. |Hittite |

|d. |Assyrian |

|e. |Neo-Babylonian |

REF: p. 89

4. Writing in Mycenaean Greece is done in what form?

|a. |Linear B |

|b. |Ogam |

|c. |Runes |

|d. |Cuneiform |

|e. |Oracle bones |

REF: p. 90

5. What resources did southern Greece and the Aegean have most?

|a. |Grapes, olives, and some grains |

|b. |Flax, dates, and fish |

|c. |Gold, copper, and reeds |

|d. |Corn, squash, and potatoes |

|e. |Fish, meat, and grain |

REF: p. 95

6. German businessman and archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann found shaft graves at which excavation site?

|a. |Troy. |

|b. |Mycenaea. |

|c. |Crete. |

|d. |Pylos. |

|e. |Corinth. |

REF: p. 90

7. The epic poem of Homer, The Iliad, related the story of a war between the Greeks and the Hittites, based in the city of:

|a. |Athens |

|b. |Lydia |

|c. |Hattusha |

|d. |Çatal Hüyük |

|e. |Troy |

REF: p. 91

8. The collapse of the Mycenaean civilization is indicated by all of the following except:

|a. |the disappearance of Linear B writing. |

|b. |destruction of palaces |

|c. |emergence of monotheism |

|d. |disruption of trade routes |

|e. |competition for resources. |

REF: p. 92

9. Diaspora means

|a. |faith. |

|b. |separation. |

|c. |fulfillment. |

|d. |dissatisfaction. |

|e. |scattering. |

REF: p. 102

10. Which of the following rituals did not aid the Jews in maintaining a strong cultural identity after the loss of their state?

|a. |Dietary rules |

|b. |Keeping the Sabbath |

|c. |Ritual baths |

|d. |Banning marriage with non-Jews |

|e. |The requirement that men grow beards |

REF: p. 102

11. The exile of Hebrews to Babylon in 587 B.C.E. occurred under

|a. |Cyrus the Great. |

|b. |Nebuchadnezzar. |

|c. |Ashurbanipal. |

|d. |Darius of Persia. |

|e. |a Chaldean revolt. |

REF: p. 109

12. The Phoenicians developed a system of writing based on

|a. |pictograms, which were similar to Chinese writing. |

|b. |later Egyptian hieroglyphics. |

|c. |an alphabet, in which each symbol represented a sound. |

|d. |Mesopotamian cuneiform. |

|e. |Turkish writing. |

REF: p. 103

13. What made certain Phoenician textiles unique?

|a. |Man-made fibers |

|b. |Blind stitching |

|c. |The combination of silk and cotton fabric |

|d. |Purple dye |

|e. |Their expense |

REF: p. 103

14. Carthage was founded by peoples migrating from

|a. |Rome. |

|b. |Phoenicia. |

|c. |Greece. |

|d. |Egypt. |

|e. |Arabia. |

REF: p. 106

15. The merchant aristocracy that controlled Carthage was unique because it

|a. |allowed ambitious and successful individuals and families to gain political influence. |

|b. |was open only to a select group of people. |

|c. |monopolized power and wealth for itself. |

|d. |was the most authoritarian form of government. |

|e. |promoted trade. |

REF: p. 106

16. The foreign policy of the Carthaginian state

|a. |was neglected by the Phoenician Empire. |

|b. |was restricted by its more powerful neighbors. |

|c. |reflected an interest in protecting the sea trade. |

|d. |was constantly overturned by Greek powers. |

|e. |was based on Assyrian models. |

REF: p. 106

17. Carthaginian explorer Hanno reportedly sailed

|a. |down the West African coast. |

|b. |down the East African coast. |

|c. |around the Cape of Good Hope. |

|d. |into the Indian Ocean. |

|e. |around the world. |

REF: p. 107

18. Although Greece is described as "resource poor" in the chapter, it economically prospered

|a. |through a brisk trade in slaves. |

|b. |because of successful manufacturing. |

|c. |by using a large population as a large "service" sector. |

|d. |through access to foreign resources, markets, and ideas. |

|e. |by frequently raiding its neighbors. |

REF: p. 126

19. What grew well in the dry environment of Greece?

|a. |Wheat, barley, and oats |

|b. |Melons, figs, and dates |

|c. |Barley, dates, and grapes |

|d. |Grapes, dates, and jujubees |

|e. |Olive trees, grape vines, and barley |

REF: p. 126

20. Greece was organized into city-states called

|a. |satrapies. |

|b. |poleis. |

|c. |nomes. |

|d. |shires. |

|e. |they had no cities. |

REF: p. 128

21. Despite the adoption of their alphabet system from the Phoenicians, literacy in Greece

|a. |was limited only to the priests. |

|b. |remained elusive for several centuries, relying on oral traditions. |

|c. |was reserved for business transactions. |

|d. |was undermined by the diversity of languages in the Greek islands. |

|e. |divided between Phoenician and Linear B. |

REF: p. 128

22. After emergence from the Dark Ages, the population of Greece increased as much as five-fold. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the population increase?

|a. |increased prosperity due to trade and importation. |

|b. |change to increased agriculture instead of pastoralism. |

|c. |dramatic increases in agriculture needed more labor sources. |

|d. |change of diet to bread and vegetables. |

|e. |development of specialized craft skills. |

REF: p. 128

23. The area of the polis in which citizens would come together to ratify decisions of their leaders was called the:

|a. |acropolis. |

|b. |stoa |

|c. |Parthenon |

|d. |agora |

|e. |amphitheatre. |

REF: p. 128

24. The Greek Dark Age was a period of

|a. |dark atmospheric conditions due to the eruptions of Mount Vesuvius. |

|b. |commercial growth due to the use of dark-colored dyes in fabric. |

|c. |intellectual and commercial vitality. |

|d. |frequent disruption due to invasions. |

|e. |poverty, isolation, and depopulation. |

REF: p. 127

25. The Archaic period in Greece began

|a. |because of renewed contacts with Phoenicia. |

|b. |with the development of communication technologies. |

|c. |with the end of the Greek civil wars. |

|d. |with the translation of Linear B. |

|e. |when Alexander took over. |

REF: p. 128

26. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the recovery of the Archaic period?

|a. |The cure of various infectious diseases |

|b. |Population increase |

|c. |Improved diet |

|d. |Growth of urban centers |

|e. |Specialization of labor |

REF: p. 128

27. Greek poleis or city-states developed because of

|a. |mistrust between competing groups. |

|b. |Greek geography, especially mountains, which separated populations. |

|c. |aggressive outside cultures. |

|d. |previous patterns of political organization. |

|e. |the need for quickly deployable troops. |

REF: p. 128

28. Close-formed ranks of soldiers, called up in times of war, were called

|a. |hyksos. |

|b. |phalanx. |

|c. |hoplites. |

|d. |helots. |

|e. |phrateries. |

REF: p. 129

29. Coins were significant in all of the following ways except

|a. |they allowed easy exchange of goods and services. |

|b. |they allowed for easy recordkeeping. |

|c. |they were used to pay the professional soldiers. |

|d. |they allowed for rapid transactions. |

|e. |they allowed for easy storage of wealth. |

REF: p. 130

30. One of the prime benefits of colonization around the Mediterranean for the Greeks was:

|a. |diversification of resources. |

|b. |alleviation of surplus population. |

|c. |cultural exchange. |

|d. |establishing a Hellenic hegemony. |

|e. |opportunities for increasing personal wealth. |

REF: p. 130

31. The emerging middle classes in Greece were constituted by which group of people?

|a. |debt slaves and peasant farmers |

|b. |craftsmen and merchants |

|c. |hoplites and teachers. |

|d. |slave traders and fishermen |

|e. |none of these |

REF: p. 130

32. An oligarchy is a society in which

|a. |all landowners participate politically. |

|b. |all adult males are allowed to vote. |

|c. |a hereditary elite controls the power. |

|d. |a monarch has total control. |

|e. |the wealthy members of society have political power. |

REF: p. 130

33. The Greek concept of democracy included political participation by

|a. |all free, native-born, adult males. |

|b. |both men and women. |

|c. |military officers only. |

|d. |a council of priests. |

|e. |all Greeks. |

REF: p. 130

34. The Greek gods and goddesses were seen as

|a. |distant and removed from the affairs of humankind. |

|b. |frightening and greedy for harsh sacrifices. |

|c. |superhuman and immortal, but otherwise anthropomorphic. |

|d. |role models of wisdom and morality. |

|e. |purely fictitious, as the Greeks relied on natural philosophy. |

REF: p. 130

35. The Greeks believed that their gods gave advice through

|a. |their sacred literary texts. |

|b. |oracles. |

|c. |the king, who was directly related to God. |

|d. |shamans. |

|e. |movements of the stars and planets. |

REF: p. 131

36. Worship of gods at state sponsored festivals was seen as

|a. |an expression of civic identity. |

|b. |a matter of personal piety. |

|c. |a requirement of good citizens. |

|d. |an opportunity to venerate one's ancestors. |

|e. |part of the democratic process. |

REF: p. 130

37. The Archaic Greek development of humanism, a lasting feature of Western civilization, was

|a. |a valuing of the uniqueness, rights, and talents of individuals. |

|b. |a short-lived attempt to treat humans as God. |

|c. |the political concept that the king was designated by God. |

|d. |the subjugation of individuals' rights and will for the good of the state. |

|e. |the idea that humans descended from primate ancestors. |

REF: p. 131

38. Greek philosophers emphasized which perspective of viewing the world?

|a. |devotion to nature-based gods who were not anthropomorphic. |

|b. |rejection of polytheism. |

|c. |rational explanations for the world around them rather than reliance on the supernatural. |

|d. |a skeptical view of science as the exclusive answers to all questions. |

|e. |complete atheism. |

REF: p. 132

39. An example of the sophistication of the Greek thinkers was the development of the theory that the world is composed of

|a. |ether. |

|b. |humours. |

|c. |elements. |

|d. |vapors. |

|e. |atoms. |

REF: p. 132

40. The father of history in the Western tradition is

|a. |Pericles. |

|b. |Herodotus. |

|c. |Theseus. |

|d. |Prometheus. |

|e. |Darius. |

REF: p. 132

41. Sparta became a highly militarized society primarily because

|a. |they feared an uprising by the helots. |

|b. |they sought to recreate the far-flung empire of the Assyrians. |

|c. |repeated raids by Athens forced Spartans to adopt defensive measures. |

|d. |significant mineral wealth, which allowed them to support a large army. |

|e. |Spartan society was dominated by a class of academics devoted to studying and developing military strategy. |

REF: p. 132

42. Spartan foreign policy was

|a. |cautious and isolated |

|b. |xenophobic. |

|c. |diverse and tolerant. |

|d. |devoted to maintaining peace with their neighbors. |

|e. |none of these. |

REF: p. 132

43. The sixth century b.c.e. Athenian politician who divided the polis into four political classes was:

|a. |Pisistratus |

|b. |Phidipedes |

|c. |Solon |

|d. |Cyrus |

|e. |Draco |

REF: p. 133

44. The final battle of the Persian wars that defeated Xerxes was at which site?

|a. |Thermopylae |

|b. |Marathon |

|c. |Ionia |

|d. |Plataea |

|e. |Salamis |

REF: p. 134

45. What can be considered the symbol of Athenian naval success?

|a. |The gunboat |

|b. |The trireme |

|c. |The astrolabe |

|d. |The rowers |

|e. |The lateen sail |

REF: p. 135

46. The Persian defeat in the wars with Greece was due to all of the following except

|a. |difficulty supplying the army from Persia. |

|b. |allowing the Persian navy to be drawn into the narrow waters off Salamis. |

|c. |domestic political turmoil. |

|d. |the rout of Persian forces at the Battle of Plataea. |

|e. |the Persian underestimation of the Greeks' will to fight for their homeland. |

REF: p. 134

47. The three great Greek classical philosophers are

|a. |Eurypides, Pericles, and Darius. |

|b. |Diogenes, Euclid, and Ptolemy. |

|c. |Achilles, Hippocrates, and Sappho. |

|d. |Aeneid, Antigone, and Aristophanes. |

|e. |Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. |

REF: p. 136

48. The transition to a literary, rather than orally based, culture is notable in the works of

|a. |Socrates. |

|b. |Aristophanes. |

|c. |Plato. |

|d. |Euripides. |

|e. |Aristotle. |

REF: p. 136

49. How does the Peloponnesian War reveal an inherent flaw in Greek society?

|a. |The hoplites were unreliable because of their exclusion from politics. |

|b. |The independent poleis fostered rivalry and mistrust among neighbors. |

|c. |The poor in Greece suffered more severe hardship than in other world societies. |

|d. |The Greeks refused to abandon their policy of nonviolence. |

|e. |The rivalry between helots and hoplites caused a breakdown of democracy. |

REF: p. 138

50. The staple drink of both the elite and common people in the ancient world was

|a. |water |

|b. |milk |

|c. |beer |

|d. |wine |

|e. |coffee |

REF: p. 138

51. Philip II planned to invade which area before his untimely death?

|a. |Carthage |

|b. |Assyria |

|c. |Israel |

|d. |Persia |

|e. |Rome |

REF: p. 140

52. Which of the following is not among the policies used by Alexander the Great to control his vast empire?

|a. |He encouraged intermarriage to foreign women. |

|b. |He maintained the framework of Persian administration. |

|c. |He adopted Persian customs. |

|d. |He established Greek-style cities. |

|e. |He promoted local militias. |

REF: p. 140

53. When Alexander the Great died, his vast empire

|a. |fragmented into many separate states. |

|b. |continued to be administered as a unified entity by his successors. |

|c. |reverted to its former Persian rulers. |

|d. |was broken up into three Macedonian dynasties. |

|e. |was conquered by Indians from the Indus River. |

REF: p. 140

54. Which of the following were not "cosmopolitan" features of Hellenistic societies?

|a. |Libraries and universities |

|b. |The cultivation of new scholarship |

|c. |The cultivation of art and literature |

|d. |Scientific discoveries |

|e. |Homogeneous societies |

REF: p. 141

55. The Seleucid kingdom, after the death of Alexander, retained which portion of the empire?

|a. |Persian |

|b. |Macedonian |

|c. |Egyptian |

|d. |Greek |

|e. |Indian |

REF: p. 141

56. The term Hellenistic Age refers to the

|a. |influence of Asian culture on Greece. |

|b. |political and cultural influence of Greece over foreign subjects in North Africa and western Asia. |

|c. |Macedonian Empire during Alexander's reign. |

|d. |peaceful period within Greece itself. |

|e. |successful rule of Helen of Troy. |

REF: p. 144

57. The first Romans to reach China's court of Emperor Huan were envoys of which emperor?

|a. |Julius Caesar |

|b. |Augustus Caesar |

|c. |Marcus Aurelius |

|d. |Nero |

|e. |Commodus. |

REF: p. 149

58. The economic wealth of the early Roman state was based on

|a. |farming. |

|b. |mercantilism. |

|c. |mining. |

|d. |fishing. |

|e. |the military. |

REF: p. 150

59. The center of political action in the Roman Republic was

|a. |the Council of Nobles. |

|b. |annually elected civic officials. |

|c. |the Senate. |

|d. |the Plebeian Council. |

|e. |the Congress of Monarchs. |

REF: p. 150

60. In Roman society

|a. |the father's word was law in his household. |

|b. |women inherited property. |

|c. |the first-born son ruled over his brothers. |

|d. |daughters were not allowed to speak at family gatherings. |

|e. |there was complete segregation of the sexes. |

REF: p. 151

61. Which statement is true about Roman women?

|a. |They were equal to Roman men. |

|b. |They had no say in family matters. |

|c. |They exercised influence over husbands and sons. |

|d. |They were required to provide ten years of military service. |

|e. |They were powerless and virtually slaves in their own homes. |

REF: p. 153

62. How did the early Romans view the natural world?

|a. |As a cosmic credit and debit sheet on which one's actions determined one's destiny. |

|b. |As a body of natural laws understandable by humans. |

|c. |As a shadow world of paradise. |

|d. |As filled with numerous invisible shapeless forces called numina. |

|e. |As created by a single God. |

REF: p. 153

63. The covenant of protection between the gods and the Romans was called:

|a. |pax romana |

|b. |lex cannulaia |

|c. |pax deorum |

|d. |articus fidele |

|e. |dvoeverie |

REF: p. 153

64. Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor to Roman expansion?

|a. |aggressive fans of war in Rome. |

|b. |the short term of office of the Consuls in the senate |

|c. |the desire to acquire buffer zones protecting them from attack by enemies. |

|d. |the mandate to impose their religion on neighboring regions. |

|e. |the presence of a large, well maintained army. |

REF: p. 153

65. A significant difference in Roman expansion versus Greek was that Romans:

|a. |did not have a standardized language. |

|b. |extended citizenship in degrees to most conquered populations. |

|c. |did not impose taxes. |

|d. |conquered only to obtain slaves. |

|e. |had no system of government in place in the new territories. |

REF: p. 154

66. For a period of over 60 years, Rome fought a war of expansion with which people?

|a. |Lebanon. |

|b. |Israel. |

|c. |Carthage. |

|d. |Persia. |

|e. |Scythians. |

REF: p. 154

67. Two protracted and bloody wars against the Carthaginians were important because

|a. |Rome won control of the western Mediterranean. |

|b. |they limited Rome's southern expansion. |

|c. |it was the first time Rome had ever lost a war. |

|d. |Roman slaves were freed. |

|e. |they joined forces with the Carthaginians to create the Cartho-Roman Empire. |

REF: p. 154

68. During the Republic, Romans managed their imperial territories by

|a. |brutal domination and conquest, enslaving local populations. |

|b. |establishing a system of satrapies and using local leaders to enforce Roman power. |

|c. |nonoccupation and little interaction other than tax collection. |

|d. |establishing a provincial administration and sending a Roman senator to oversee matters. |

|e. |dispatching the army to occupy the area and bring the locals into line. |

REF: p. 154

69. As the numbers of independent farmers declined in the later Republic, Italian landowners increasingly turned to

|a. |tenant farmers. |

|b. |inexpensive slaves. |

|c. |agricultural wage laborers. |

|d. |female and child labor. |

|e. |letting their land lie fallow. |

REF: p. 155

70. What factor caused a decrease in small farms in the Late Roman Republic?

|a. |Wars that devastated land and made farming difficult |

|b. |An economy primarily based on trade with the East |

|c. |The growth of latifundia and a shift to nonstaple crops |

|d. |Increased urbanization in the centralized Republic |

|e. |Deforestation |

REF: p. 155

71. The emperor responsible for the reorganization of the Roman government after 31 B.C.E. was

|a. |Julius Caesar. |

|b. |Caligula. |

|c. |Nero. |

|d. |Claudius. |

|e. |Octavian. |

REF: p. 155

72. The main reason for the decline of the Roman Republic was

|a. |an impoverished population. |

|b. |political decentralization. |

|c. |military leaders with armies loyal to them rather than to the state. |

|d. |ongoing wars in trying to expand to an empire. |

|e. |the subversive effect of increasingly popular monotheistic religions. |

REF: p. 155

73. Under the Principate, Roman law

|a. |was limited to the Twelve Tables. |

|b. |came largely from the emperor himself. |

|c. |was based on the Twelve Tables and supplemented by decrees from the Senate and bills from the Assemblies. |

|d. |was codified by public vote. |

|e. |were gathered from local traditions and evaluated by jurists to compile the lex romana. |

REF: p. 157

74. One of the factors that most helped the growth of commerce was:

|a. |urbanization |

|b. |the growth of latifundia. |

|c. |the implementation of the "pax romana" or roman peace. |

|d. |incorporation of slaves into the common market. |

|e. |the spread of Christianity. |

REF: p. 159

75. One of the most enduring consequences of the Roman Empire has been the

|a. |persistence of the Roman system of mathematics. |

|b. |suppression of many barbarian groups. |

|c. |tradition of peaceful regime change. |

|d. |Romanization of the western Mediterranean. |

|e. |military innovations that revolutionized warfare. |

REF: p. 159

76. Before 212 C.E., many people living outside Italy became Roman citizens

|a. |as soon as the Roman legions conquered them. |

|b. |only if they swore allegiance to Rome. |

|c. |if they were wealthy enough to buy citizenship. |

|d. |after serving lengthy terms of military service. |

|e. |by living in Rome for a year and a day. |

REF: p. 159

77. The circumstance surrounding Jesus' ministry and acclamation by his followers as the messiah was

|a. |the collapse of the Roman Empire. |

|b. |the Roman occupation of Judaea. |

|c. |the Roman war with the Celts. |

|d. |widespread unrest caused by slave rebellions. |

|e. |the barbarian invasion of Rome. |

REF: p. 160

78. How is the career of Paul an example of the "cosmopolitan" nature of the Roman Empire?

|a. |He limited his proselytizing to urban areas. |

|b. |He only converted Romans to Christianity. |

|c. |He refused to debase himself by using anything Roman. |

|d. |He was able to use the benefits of Roman citizenship, roads, and cities to spread Christianity. |

|e. |He found that both Jews and Christians readily accepted his views of Jesus as the messiah. |

REF: p. 160

79. Why was becoming Christian considered an act of disloyalty in the Roman Empire?

|a. |Rome had a strong monotheistic tradition. |

|b. |Christians could not worship the emperor as a deity. |

|c. |Rome required all citizens to learn about all world religions. |

|d. |Christian theology demanded that all people live in a Christian utopia. |

|e. |One of Christianity's aims was to overthrow dictators. |

REF: p. 161

80. Who were NOT among the earliest converts to Christianity?

|a. |women |

|b. |the poor |

|c. |slaves |

|d. |urban merchants. |

|e. |all of these. |

REF: p. 160

81. The engineering expertise of the Romans is seen in all of these except:

|a. |aqueducts. |

|b. |roads |

|c. |fortifications |

|d. |gothic cathedrals |

|e. |arches |

REF: p. 161

82. Starting with the reign of Augustus, the Roman army was reorganized and redeployed to

|a. |face the threat from the Parthian Empire. |

|b. |shift from an offensive to a defensive strategy. |

|c. |fight several civil wars against other Romans. |

|d. |allow non-Romans into the military. |

|e. |invade Russia. |

REF: p. 163

83. The most visible symptom of Rome's "third-century crisis" was the

|a. |neglect of the military. |

|b. |sack of Rome by Germanic tribes. |

|c. |burning of Rome by Emperor Nero. |

|d. |frequent change of rulers. |

|e. |loss of territory. |

REF: p. 163

84. What was the reason for the economic decline in the third century c.e.?

|a. |massive crop failures. |

|b. |invasions of the Huns. |

|c. |debasing of coinage by the emperors. |

|d. |the transition to a wage economy. |

|e. |inability to efficiently collect taxes within the empire. |

REF: p. 163

85. Who reformed Rome in the third century C.E. and saved it from decline?

|a. |Diocletian |

|b. |Tiberius |

|c. |Constantine |

|d. |Brucellosis |

|e. |Claudius |

REF: p. 163

86. The conversion to Christianity of which Roman emperor ushered in a time of tolerance, acceptance, and eventual dominance of Christianity?

|a. |Diocletian |

|b. |Tiberius |

|c. |Constantine |

|d. |Brucellosis |

|e. |Claudius |

REF: p. 164

87. What city became the new imperial capital of the Roman Empire in 324 C.E.?

|a. |Damascus |

|b. |Alexandria |

|c. |Athens |

|d. |Carthage |

|e. |Constantinople |

REF: p. 164

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