English wMrs. Cottam
Source AIn Long Beach, CA, after two years of a district-wide K-8 mandatory uniform policy, reports of assault and battery in the district's schools decreased by 34%, assault with a deadly weapon dropped by 50%, fighting incidents went down by 51%, sex offenses were cut by 74%, robbery dropped by 65%, possession of weapons (or weapon "look-alikes") decreased by 52%, possession of drugs went down by 69%, and vandalism was lowered by 18%.?[64]?M. Sue Stanley, "School Uniforms and Safety,"?Education and Urban Society, Aug. 1996Source B17145009842500Source CA 2012 peer-reviewed study found that one year after Sparks Middle School in Nevada instituted a uniform policy, school police data showed a 63% drop in police log reports, and decreases were also noted in gang activity, student fights, graffiti, property damage, and battery.?[25]?A 2010 peer-reviewed study found that schools with uniform policies had 12% fewer firearm-related incidents and 15% fewer drug-related incidents than schools without uniforms.Seunghee Han, "A Mandatory Uniform Policy in Urban Schools: Findings from the School Survey on Crime and Safety: 2003-04,"?International Journal of Education Policy and Leadership, 2010Source D182880016446500Source EA bulletin published by the National Association of Secondary School Principals stated that "When all students are wearing the same outfit, they are less concerned about how they look and how they fit in with their peers; thus, they can concentrate on their schoolwork."Peter Caruso, "Individuality vs. Conformity: The Issue behind School Uniforms,"?NASSP?(National Association of Secondary School Principals)?Bulletin, Sep. 1996Source F17145004064000Source G148590016446500Source: graham-briggs-school-outfitters.co.uk (accessed Aug. 5, 2014)Source HSource ISource: US Department of Education, NCES, ECS, NAESP, University of Florida Date: July 11, 2014School Uniform StatisticsDataPercent of all public and private schools that have a uniform policy23 %Annual school uniform sales$1,300,000,000Average annual cost to parents for school uniforms$249Cities with the highest use of uniforms in their public schools?New Orleans95 %Cleveland85 %Chicago80 %Boston65 %Miami60 %Cincinnati50 %The following is a survey of Parents and Teachers regarding the implemented use of school uniforms. The percent represents those who marked "Agree" or "Strongly Agree"Survey QuestionParentsTeachersPolicy has hindered self expression and creativity34 %5 %Policy has hindered individual student’s personal liberty36 %0 %Has promoted a sense of security41 %86 %Has increased school pride and has created a sense of community42 %80 %The school uniform has been financially beneficial for my household49 %86 %Has addressed the peer pressure issue of "fitting in" by wearing specific brands47 %90 %Has promoted positive student behavior37 %95 %Policy has minimized disruption and distractions38 %81 %Has eliminated competition among students36 %52 %School uniforms have improved the learning environment35 %81 %The Board should extend the school uniform policy indefinitely42 %81 %Long Beach, CA implemented uniforms in 1995 and reported the following resultsLong Beach Uniform StatisticsDataOverall, the crime rate dropped by91 %School suspensions dropped by90 %Sex offenses were reduced by96 %Incidents of vandalism went down69 %Assaults in grades K-8 decreased by85 %Norfolk, VA implemented uniforms in 1995 and reported the following resultsLong Beach Uniform StatisticsDataLeaving class without permission dropped by47 %Throwing objects dropped by68 %Fighting dropped bySource JA poll administered by the Harford County, MD school system in 2007 found that "teachers and administrators were overwhelmingly in favor" of introducing school uniforms. The poll also found that 58% of parents wanted a mandatory uniform policy instatedMadison Park, "School Uniforms Poll Bares Generation Gap," , Dec. 23, 2007Source KTroy Shuman, a senior in Harford County, MD, said the introduction of a mandatory uniform policy to his school would be "teaching conformity and squelching individual thought. Just think of prisons and gangs. The ultimate socializer to crush rebellion is conformity in appearance. If a school system starts at clothes, where does it end?"?Madison Park, "School Uniforms Poll Bares Generation Gap," ,Source LA national 2013 survey of 517 US school leaders found that 94% of those surveyed believe "one of the main benefits to parents is that school uniforms are more cost-effective than regular apparel," and 77% estimated the average annual cost of school uniforms per child to be $150 or less.National Association of Elementary School Principals, "National Survey of School Leaders Reveals 2013 School Uniform Trends," , July 30, 2013Source M07620000Native American children in uniform at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, circa 1890.Source: Jon Allen Reyhner, "Indian Boarding Schools," (accessed Aug. 5, 2014)Source N8001001644650042nd US President Bill Clinton delivering his 1996 State of the Union address, during which he announced his support of school uniforms.Source: Jack Cafferty, "How Much Do State of the Union Speeches Matter?," , Jan. 27, 2010Source O1257300825500Two boys from the elite English school Eton, dressed in formal school uniforms, are observed by working-class London boys in 1937.Source: Greg Sandow, "Vacation Thoughts — Formal Dress," , Sep. 13, 2008 ................
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