Notes for Looking at Philosophy
Chapter Seven: Pragmatism, the Analytic Tradition, and the Phenomenological Tradition and Its Aftermath (the 20th century)
. After reading this chapter, you should be familiar with the following concepts/terms (several of which appear in earlier chapters and may be review for you):
1) pragmatism
2) semiology
3) Cartesian
4) Empiricism
5) Metaphysical
6) Correspondence theory
7) Coherence theory
8) Rationalism
9) Idealism
10) Epistemology
11) Ockham’s razor
12) Law of the excluded middle
13) Synthesis
14) Logical positivism
15) Analytic
16) Synthetic
17) Incorrigibility
18) Atomic facts
19) Linguistic
20) Reductionism
21) Holism
22) Quantum mechanics
23) Phenomenology
24) Etymologies
25) Neologism
26) Absurd (in the philosophical sense of the word)
27) Signifier and signified
28) Structuralism
29) Functionalism
30) Psychoanalysis
31) Metonymy
32) Deconstruction (in the philosophical sense of the word)
33) Phallocentrism
34) Patriarchy
35) misogyny
36) pre-oedipal
37) Existentialism
You should pay attention to the beliefs and contributions of the following figures/schools of thought:
1) William James
2) John Dewey
3) George Edward Moore
4) Bertrand Russell
5) Ludwig Wittgenstein
6) William Quine
7) Edmund Husserl
8) Martin Heidegger
9) Jean-Paul Sartre (you will also be reading Sartre’s plays in Senior Seminar)
10) Ferdinand de Saussure
11) Claude Levi-Strauss
12) Jacques Lacan
13) Jacques Derrida
14) Luce Irigaray
You should be able to answer the following questions/respond to the following prompts:
1) Analyze the three following assertions, first using William James’ pragmatic theory of meaning and then his theory of truth:
a. The world is flat.
b. Reality is only a dream.
c. After your death, your soul will be directed to either heaven or hell, depending on God’s judgment of your life.
2) What in general is the pragmatists’ idea of useless thought? What kind of thinking is useful?
3) According to the logical positivists, all assertions are either analytic, synthetic, or nonsense. What function does this thesis have for the logical positivists? What is the main weakness of the logical positivists’ thesis?
4) What would the logical positivists like about Quine’s philosophy? What would they dislike?
5) Attack or defend Quine’s “indeterminacy of translation” thesis.
6) What does Heidegger mean when he “calls us back to a remembrance of Being”? What stands in the way of our responding to this call, according to Heidegger?
7) Sartre on the topic of our relations to other people.
8) Explain how Saussure’s linguistic theory influenced Lacan’s version of psychoanalysis and Derrida’s deconstruction.
Plus anything from our handouts.
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