Managing Your Hazardous Waste

Managing Your Hazardous Waste

A GUIDE FOR SMALL BUSINESSES IN NEW YORK

FOR REGULATIONS EFFECTIVE APRIL 2020

Andrew M. Cuomo, Governor | Basil Seggos, Commissioner

Table of Contents

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 4

Determining Whether Hazardous Waste Regulations Apply to You ..................................................... 5 Defining Hazardous Waste ................................................................................................................... 5 Finding Your Generator Category ......................................................................................................... 6 ? Table 1: Typical Hazardous Waste Generated by Small Businesses ........................................... 7

What Hazardous Waste Do You Count to Determine Your Generator Category?................................ 8 DO Count... ........................................................................................................................................... 8 DO NOT Count... ................................................................................................................................... 8 Exemptions, Exclusions, and C7 Notifications ...................................................................................... 9 ? Table 2: Common Exemptions and Exclusions............................................................................. 9

Universal Wastes ...................................................................................................................................... 10

Used Oil...................................................................................................................................................... 11 Used Oil Handlers ............................................................................................................................... 11 Storage ................................................................................................................................................ 12 Oil Leaks and Spills ............................................................................................................................. 12 Prohibitions.......................................................................................................................................... 13

Summary of Requirements for Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generators............................ 13

Summary of Requirements for Small Quantity Generators.................................................................. 14 Obtaining an EPA Identification Number............................................................................................. 14 Managing Hazardous Waste On-Site.................................................................................................. 15 ? Accumulating Your Waste ........................................................................................................... 15 ? Treating Your Waste to Meet the Land Disposal Restrictions..................................................... 15 ? Preventing Accidents................................................................................................................... 17 ? Responding to Emergencies ....................................................................................................... 17 Worksheet 1: Emergency Response Information ............................................................................... 18 Worksheet 2: Emergency Response Procedures ............................................................................... 19 Shipping Waste Off-Site ...................................................................................................................... 20 ? Choosing a Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facility ............................................................... 20 Preparing Waste Shipments ............................................................................................................... 20 Preparing Hazardous Waste Manifests............................................................................................... 20 Land Disposal Restriction Reporting Requirements ........................................................................... 21 Export Notification ............................................................................................................................... 21 Closure ................................................................................................................................................ 21

Choosing a Transporter, TSDF/Recycler, or Waste Management Company...................................... 24

Summary of Requirements for Large Quantity Generators.................................................................. 25 ? Table 3: Large Quantity Generator Requirements Summary...................................................... 25

Where to Get More Help ........................................................................................................................... 26 DEC Resources................................................................................................................................... 26 EPA Resources ................................................................................................................................... 26

MANAGING YOUR HAZARDOUS WASTE | A GUIDE FOR SMALL BUSINESSES IN NEW YORK

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? U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ....................................................................................... 27 Other Federal Resource Centers ........................................................................................................ 28

? U.S. Department of Transportation ............................................................................................. 28 Worksheet 3: SQG Facility Checklist .................................................................................................. 28

Abbreviations and Definitions ................................................................................................................. 29

Table 4: Generator Requirements ........................................................................................................... 33

CESQG Best Management Practices ...................................................................................................... 34

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MANAGING YOUR HAZARDOUS WASTE | A GUIDE FOR SMALL BUSINESSES IN NEW YORK

Introduction

Does your business generate hazardous waste? Many small businesses do. If you need help understanding which state hazardous waste management regulations apply to your business, this handbook is for you. It has been prepared by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and customized by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) to help small business owners and operators understand how best to comply with the New York hazardous waste management regulations.

Words or phrases that appear in bold blue text throughout this guide are defined in the "abbreviations and definitions" section, starting on page 29.

This handbook provides an overview of the regulations to give you a basic understanding of your responsibilities when generating and managing hazardous waste (HW). It should not be used as a substitute for the actual requirements. The New York State hazardous waste regulations are located in Title 6 of the New York State Codes, Rules and Regulations (NYCRR) Parts 370 to 374 and 376 (govt.). If you need assistance understanding the regulations, you can contact the DEC Division of Materials Management. For DEC contact information, visit dec.about/556.html or see the contact table on page 26.

DEC defines three categories of hazardous waste generators based upon the quantity of hazardous waste they generate per calendar month (see generator table on page 33):

1. Conditionally exempt small quantity generators (CESQGs) ? generate less than or equal to 100 kilograms (kg) or 220 pounds (lb) of non-acute hazardous waste, and less than or equal to 1 kg (2.2 lb) of acute hazardous waste, and less than or equal to 100 kg (220 lb) of residue from cleanup of acute hazardous waste per calendar month. CESQGs may accumulate up to 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) of hazardous waste and up to 1 kg (2.2 lb) of acute hazardous waste on-site at any one time. Accumulation of greater quantities of hazardous waste will increase a generator's category.

2. Small quantity generators (SQGs) ? generate between 100 and 1,000 kg (220 and 2,200 lb) non-acute hazardous waste, and less than or equal to 1 kg (2.2 lb) of acute hazardous waste, and less than or equal to 100 kg (220 lb) of residue from cleanup of acute hazardous waste per calendar month. SQGs may accumulate up to 6,000 kg (13,200 lb) of hazardous waste and up to 1 kg (2.2 lb) of acute hazardous waste on-site for up to 180 days from the accumulation start date.

3. Large quantity generators (LQGs) ? generate more than 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) non-acute hazardous waste per month, or more than 1 kg (2.2 lb) of acute hazardous waste, or more than 100 kg (220 lb) of residue from cleanup of acute hazardous waste per calendar month. There is no limit to the amount of non-acute and acute hazardous waste that an LQG may have on-site; however, they may only accumulate hazardous waste on-site for up to 90 days from the accumulation start date. Any generator who accumulates more than 1 kg (2.2 lb) of acute hazardous waste at any time is also an LQG.

Each category of generator must comply with the hazardous waste rules specific to that category. This handbook is intended primarily to help SQGs and CESQGs (businesses that generate a small quantities of hazardous waste) learn about the regulations that apply to them.

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This handbook only explains the New York State requirements for hazardous waste management. As an implementing agency, DEC is authorized by the EPA to administer the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) program in lieu of the EPA. The RCRA Subtitle C regulations address the management of hazardous wastes.

The New York State hazardous waste regulations are largely based on the federal hazardous waste regulations. Most of the New York State hazardous waste regulations follow the federal requirements and definitions, but New York does have some more stringent requirements. If you are operating in New York, you must comply with these more stringent regulations.

Some generators hire a waste management company to address all hazardous waste management obligations. Remember, even if working with an outside firm, you are ultimately responsible and liable for the proper management of your hazardous waste throughout its life cycle from cradle to grave (i.e., from the point that the waste is created to the point that it is no longer hazardous, is made into a new product, or is properly disposed).

Determining Whether Hazardous Waste Regulations Apply to You

New York State hazardous waste management regulations apply to most businesses and institutions that generate hazardous waste. To determine if these regulations apply to your business, you must first determine if you generate hazardous waste.

First Steps

Determine if you generate hazardous waste. Count the amount of hazardous waste that you produce per month. Determine your generator category to learn the requirements that apply to you.

Defining Hazardous Waste

A waste is any solid, liquid, or contained gaseous material that is discarded by being disposed of, burned or incinerated, or recycled. (There are some exceptions for recycled materials.) A waste can be the byproduct of a manufacturing process or simply a commercial product that you use in your business--such as a cleaning fluid or battery acid-- that is being disposed of. Even materials that are recyclable or can be reused in some way (such as solvents that are sent for reclamation) may be considered waste. Hazardous waste can be one of two types:

Listed wastes: Your waste is considered hazardous if it appears on one of five lists in state regulation 6 NYCRR 371.4. Currently, more than 500 wastes are listed using a four-character code of one letter and three numbers. Wastes are listed as hazardous because they are known to be harmful to human health and the environment when not managed properly. Some common listed hazardous wastes are spent solvents (F001?F005) and sludge from the treatment of electroplating wastewaters (F006). Even when managed properly, some listed wastes are so dangerous that they can be fatal to humans even in low doses; these are called acute hazardous wastes. Examples of acute hazardous wastes include nicotine (e.g., vaping liquids), certain industrial chemicals (e.g., cyanides), and certain discarded pesticides. New York also regulates wastes containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in concentrations of 50 parts per million (ppm) or greater as hazardous wastes.

MANAGING YOUR HAZARDOUS WASTE | A GUIDE FOR SMALL BUSINESSES IN NEW YORK

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