REDEFINING BEUR CINEMA: CONSTITUTING SUBJECTIVITY …

REDEFINING BEUR CINEMA: CONSTITUTING SUBJECTIVITY THROUGH FILM

by Yahya Laayouni Licence, English Literature, Mohammed ibn Abdellah University, 2000 DESA, Mohammed ibn Abdellah University, 2003

Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Kenneth P. Dietrich Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment

of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy

University of Pittsburgh 2012

UNIVERITY OF PITTSBURGH DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

This dissertation was presented by

Yahya Laayouni It was defended on

April 10th 2012 and approved by Todd Reeser, Associate Professor, French and Italian Mohammed Bamyeh, Professor, Sociology Neil Doshi, Assistant Professor, French and Italian Dissertation Co-advisor: Giuseppina Mecchia, Associate Professor, French and Italian Dissertation Co-advisor: Randall Halle, Klaus W. Jonas Professor, German

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Copyright ? by Yahya Laayouni 2012

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REDEFINING BEUR CINEMA: CONSTITUTING SUBJECTIVITY THROUGH FILM Yahya Laayouni Ph.D.

University of Pittsburgh, 2012

This dissertation focuses on Beurs' modes of identification in France as depicted in film. The term "Beur" is not used as an identity based on birth or citizenship but rather as a sociocultural construct that serves as an analytical tool to dismantle the notion of Frenchness. This study, thus, investigates how cinema reflects on the experience of the Beurs through filmic narrative. The aim is to trace the changing lives of the Beurs as they have been reconstructed in movies since the early eighties. This process is both synchronic and diachronic. Synchronic as it engages in the analysis of films with respect to their historical context and diachronic as it will permit the distilling of the commonalities between these films to lead to the conception of Beur cinema as a film genre.

The theoretical premises of this study are founded on existential phenomenology; particularly Paul Ricoeur's concept of narrative identity and Merleau-Ponty's notion of corporeality. As decolonized postcolonial subjects, the Beurs' presence in France has become more visible than other groups, and their impact on French society is undeniable. Their corporeality is not conceptually configured but physically manifested as their subjectivities are visually constructed. The corpus of films in this study illustrates how Beur narrative identities are "decolonizing" the French nation.

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The first chapter traces back the emergence of the term "Beur" and discusses its linguistic derivation and metaphoric dimension. A discussion of Beur cinema as a genre constitutes the second chapter. The third chapter engages in an analysis of Beur comedy and the experiences of Beur characters as reflected through the narrative and the film techniques. The fourth and final chapter concentrates on gender in Beur films. It compares the image of the female Beur and that of the Beur gay respectively to that of the Arab nude and the "jeune arabe" of colonial postcards, and shows how these old colonial stereotypes still drive French perceptions today.

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