Ed W. Clark High School
S.P.I.C.E. AP World History revolves around major “themes” A great way to remember these themes (and the technique we will be using in class) is the SPICE acronym. As follows you will find a brief description of each of the SPICE themes, the sub-topics that fall under each SPICE theme and an explanation on how to best utilize SPICE in this class.Spice ThemesSub-topicsS – SOCIAL: Development & transformation of social structuresgender roles & relations, family & kinship, racial & ethnic constructions, social & economic classesP – POLITICAL: State building, expansion & conflictpolitical structures & forms of governance, empires, nations & nationalism, wars, revolts & revolutions, regional, trans-regional, & global structures/organizationsI – INTERACTIVE: interaction between humans & the environmentdemography & disease, migration, patterns of settlement, technologyC – CULTURAL: development & interaction of culturesreligions, belief systems, philosophies & ideologies, science & technology, the arts & architectureE – ECONOMIC: creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systemsagricultural & pastoral production, trade & commerce, labor systems, industrialization, capitalism & socialismSPICE will be most effective in essay writing. As we continue discussing the essay portion of the exam, these themes and sub-topics will become more clear and concise.How to use SPICEWhile reading, it is easiest to categorize facts by the SPICE sub-topics. This will help you complete your chapter overviews and your SPICE charts. You need 3 facts for each SPICE sub-topic, simply because you need 3 pieces of evidence for each body paragraph. The rule of 3 is the easiest way to organize your work. As we finish each chapter, you will have a solid review sheet for testing. Example: Using your knowledge from 7th grade US History during World War II, examine the example chart. If you have any questions, feel free to email me at brehfeldt@S – SocialP – PoliticalI – InteractiveC – CulturalE - Economic1Women went to work in the factoriesFDR is PresidentIndustrial / city livingAtomic bombGreat Depression2Segregation of racesSocial SecurityMovement westPhotographyVictory gardens3Re-rise of middle classPearl Harbor led to US entryPublic works projects Pop cultureFactory conversionsExplanation of SPICE chart:Social: The Social category deals with development and transformation of social structures. It doesn’t mean who goes out socializing and which civilizations were party animals --- you are actually looking at how society formed and separated/came together. The sub-topics of social include gender roles & relations (the roles men and women played in society and how they interacted with one another), family & kinship (what role did the family and family lineage play in society), racial & ethnic constructions (the races of the civilizations, the races they mingled with and if they organized society based on race or ethnicity), social & economic classes (the divide between social classes/status and economic classes and how society was effected by the differences).#1 – Women went to work in the factories. This fact would fall into gender roles & relations. In the U.S. in the 1940s men worked the majority of the jobs. When the U.S. joined World War II, men went to war, leaving the women “back home” to go to work. Rosie the Riveter is a great example of female workplace propaganda from WWII.#2 – Segregation of races. This fact would fall into racial & ethnic constructions. While the Civil War ended in 1865, there was still racial segregation in the United States in the 1940s, especially in the South.#3 – Re-rise of middle class. This fact would fall into social & economic classes. The Great Depression of 1929 decimated the middle class. With the wartime economy, the United States saw a re-emergence of the middle class. Political: The Political category deals with state building, expansion and conflict. It doesn’t necessarily just mean the government system in power --- you are actually looking at how governments came together and how government, or lack thereof, affected the people. The sub-topics of political include political structures & forms of governance (the type of government within the country), empires (the large territory a single government/civilization encompasses), nations & nationalism (the nations within the country and overall pride in and devotion to one’s country), wars, revolts & revolutions (war itself, or changes in the government made by force), regional, trans-regional & global structures/organizations (the organizations that join regions, states, and/or countries together for a common goal).#1 - Franklin D. Roosevelt is President – This fact would fall into political structures & forms of governance. It clearly states who is politically running the U.S. at the start of WWII. Let us not forget, however, that FDR died in office & Harry Truman took over, which could be another piece of evidence in an essay.#2 – Social Security. This fact falls under regional, trans-regional, & global structures /organizations. Social Security was created in the U.S. as a social welfare program to take money from working citizens and “save” it until said citizen was retirement age, at which point he/she could begin receiving the money saved. #3 – Pearl Harbor led to US entry. This fact falls under wars, revolts & revolutions. The bombing of Pearl Harbor was the catalyst that led to the United States declaring war against Japan. Being Japan’s ally, Germany then declared war on the United States. This launched the U.S. into a wartime economy, and led to both conscription (the draft), and fighting a war on 2 continents.Interactive: The interactive category examines interaction between humans and the environment. This is literally how humans interact with, adapt to, and change the world around them. The sub-topics of interactive include demography & disease (the people living in the area & the diseases that are there), migration (where people move & why they move around), patterns of settlement (where people settle & why they settle in those places), technology (the technology that both helps & hinder people’s ability to live in a given location). #1 – Industrial / city living – This fact falls under patterns of settlement. People who worked in the factories generally lived in lower income areas of the cities. This started with the Industrial Revolution and continued through WWII in the U.S. Post-WWII we see a mass migration to the suburbs with the hope of getting away from the dirty, overcrowded city streets. #2 – Movement west – This fact falls under the sub-topic migration. With the Great Depression, many farmers in the Mid-Western region of the U.S. lost their farms. A lot had only one option, move west and start over. #3 – Public Works Projects – This fact falls under the sub-topic technology. FDR put a variety of public works projects into place to get people back to work after the Great Depression. Among these included the Hoover Dam, which helped store water for the growing Las Vegas area and allowed settlement post WWII.Cultural: The cultural theme explores development and interaction of cultures. This is how people interact with those that could be different and exploring the differences between people. The sub-topics of culture include religions (who/what/why the people of that culture believe in the defined spiritual being(s) of their religion), belief systems (faith based on beliefs, but not necessarily organized into a religion, ie. doesn’t necessarily have a spiritual being/entity), philosophies & ideologies (knowledge of reality, and beliefs that may represent social, political and economic views for the good of society), science & technology (the discoveries and inventions and the people that created them), the arts & architecture (civilizations can be defined by their art and architectural styles; this includes but is not limited to writing, theater, music, etc.)#1- The Atomic Bomb. This fact falls under the sub-topic science & technology. The creation of the atomic bomb was a scientific marvel; its use, however, was a dark stain on U.S. history, although Harry Truman admitted that he knew use of the bomb was critical in ending the war. #2 – Photography. This fact falls under the sub-topic arts & architecture. Photography captures moments on film; it captured the entire war for the U.S., the good and the bad. It has cemented itself into history as an important medium for recording memories and is considered an art form.#3 – Pop Culture. This fact falls under philosophies & ideologies. The introduction of pop culture into mainstream U.S.A. changed the way people looked at American culture. The thought process behind pop culture, as well as success in the war, catapulted Western ideology globally.Economic: The economic theme looks at the creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems. This is how countries, empires, etc. were built. It is all about the cash and how countries a)got it & b)lost it! The sub-topics of economics include agricultural & pastoral production (planting crops & herding animals), trade & commerce (buying & selling stuff), labor systems (the people that work to buy & sell the stuff), industrialization (mechanizing the building of the stuff being bought/sold), capitalism & socialism (private business vs. government-owned businesses). #1 – Great Depression – This fact falls under a variety of economic sub-topics: agricultural & pastoral production AND trade & commerce. The Great Depression was the catalyst of the downfall of global trade. The U.S. Great Depression sparked a worldwide depression that led to decreased trade, food shortages, and a lot of really depressed people (hence the name).#2 – Victory Gardens – This fact falls under agricultural & pastoral production. Citizens planted gardens to supplement their own food supplies so that larger farms could send crops overseas to the soldiers fighting in the war.#3 – Factory Conversions – This fact falls under trade & commerce, labor systems, & industrialization. The conversions of factories to wartime production helped get people back to work after the Great Depression and allowed factories and their employees to start making money. The more money people make, the more they spend (in theory) which stimulates the economy. ................
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