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HALLOWEENBy Prof. K. CasimirEverything you are going to say, must be in your speech outline!General Purpose: To informSpecific Purpose: To inform my audience about the (history) origin, progression and current celebration of HalloweenCentral Idea: Halloween is one of the funniest festivals in America and it is worth knowing its interesting, origin, history, progression and current celebrationINTRODUCTION Show this video first! (Video : 2 mins: Prelude)Attention Getter—Suspense or ask question: what do you know about Halloween? Have you ever heard of it? Furthermore, have you ever celebrated it yourself? Relevance to Audience:- Halloween is one of the oldest and second most popular holidays in the US. Halloween is on October 31st. celebrated annually throughout the US. Although many celebrate this holiday annually, many don’t know the origin, myth, fact and history pertaining to this holiday. While some may view this holiday as a time for fun, wild parties, to wear their favorite costumes and trick or treat, many others sees this as a time for evils spirit, witchcraft, superstitious, gobbling and must be avoided. Needless to say,Why Listen: If you are English major or learning English for professional or personal enrichment, you ought to know and understand this holiday better.Establish credibility – Although this is not one of my favorite holidays, as an American, I feel honored to share with you what this holiday represents. Furthermore, I have done some research to make this talk update and interesting to you. Preview Statement – So today, I will talk about the (history) origin, progression and the current celebration of Halloween in the US Internal Preview: Firstly, let’s look into the origin of Halloween.BODY Halloween has a very peculiar beginningA . Halloween has been around for more than 2000 years ago by Europeans all over the world 1. In Italy, they had a goddess of fruits & gardens, named Pomona and a Pomona Harvest Festival was held on Nov1st in her honor. In Brittan, the druid had a harvest festival on October 31 in honor of the Sun God. They would have many superstitious practices, like animal sacrifices, along with huge bon fire on top of hills and thank the God of Sun for a fruitful harvest for the next year and to keep evil spirit away before the new year, which was on Nov 1. The Druid believed that the Lord of death or darkness was Samhaim . Samhain means summer’s end or November 1 , It was also a harvest festival marking the beginning and end of a new year, They believed on that Samhain would force all bad people who died many years ago to live in the body of animal until October 31. Then on the night of October 31st, Samhaim would take these souls back to Druid heaven with him. So, the night of the 31st was a very frightening time because they believed that the prince of death and darkness was in control. As a result, bon fires were used to keep people safe, alive and warn. Around the fire, people would then tell Ghost stories about weird events that had taken place in their lives and family members. B. After Rom invaded Britain in 55 BC, several things took place:1. The Pomona harvest festival also became a tradition in Britain on the 31st of October, and the first of November associated with increasing fear and superstition by the Druid. 2. 400 years later, after Christianity came to Ireland, St Patrick taught the druids believing in Jesus Christ would free them from their fear of the power of Samhaim or Satan. 3. Later on, the Catholic Church replaced the Druid religion. So, Pope Boniface IV proposed May 13th as “All Saints Day” in the 7th century, but in 834 BC, Pope Gregory III changed that day to November 1st . It was called all Hallow’s Day or All Saints ’ Day to commemorate the catholic saints (meaning the faithful departed believers) and October 31st as all Hallows’ Eve, so called All Soul Day or as commonly known today, “Halloween.C. The druid did not adapt to that change so quickly. They still believed the spirit of the dead were still moving around doing supernatural things to play trick on October 31st on human kind. 1. The created Jack o Lantern to keep evil spirits, Ghost, witches away. Jack was an Irish man who did not make it to heaven because of his stinginess with money. However, while in hell he played trick on the devil and was kick out of heaven to earth carrying a lantern. On October 31st Irish children will find a big potatoes or turnip, hollowed out, with holes and lit a little candle inside of it going house to house begging for food on the night of the village festivalThey would dress up in wild costumes and mask similar to witches, ghost and Evil spirits of death so that they would not be recognized and go around begging for soul cake-especially made for that night. They also observed the nut crack night. This is where teen boy and girls would gather together nuts and build bon fire and sit around it and then toss nuts in the bon fire, which would crack open and ready to eat. As you can see, the celebration back then was mostly based on fear.Internal preview and summary: So far, you have learned about the origin of Halloween, let’s explore its progression Halloween has a very peculiar progressionA . Traditional Halloween did not start in the US until the early Irish immigrants’ settlement in 1848 during the potatoes’ famine in Europe. they found the pumpkin which was a large sized vegetable to be better replacement for the potatoes and the turnip for the jack o lantern They still worn the Costumes and mask –could be any character of one’s chosen. They would decorate their houses with skeleton, scarecrow, spider webs, ghost and black cats….(you name it! ) to commemorate that day.3. They did “Trick or Treat,” which means “give us something to eat. Or we’ll pay you a rick on you”. So, people would go house to house, saying “trick or treat.” B. Furthermore, diverse practices were done that night. For instance,1. Children would go around in their costumes house to house, caring the jack o lantern for trick or treat.2. They would eat special autumn desert, pumpkin pie, corn candy, pumpkin candy, apple candy, caramel apple, sweet corn, and so on…3. Children would make Halloween decoration like witches, ghost ect… with black and orange paper, cut scary figuring or design as decorativeC. In addition, there were many symbols associated with fear, death, evil spirit and witchcraft on Halloween night. Even with the influence of Christianity, the scrutiny of fear was still present and these beliefs still exist today. For example:1. Bats-were seen as agents of death and blood.2. The witches and the broomstick and pointed hat riding through the sky on a broomstick were seen as agent of death, gloom and evil practices.3. Ware wolves and black cats riding away into the sky on the back of a witch’s broom were seen as the spirit of the witch. A sign of bad luck or death!Skeleton and scarecrows was used to scare evil spirit away.Let’s watch this together…VIDEO ON THE Haunted HISTORY OF HALLOWEEN FOR 3 MINS.Internal summary and internal preview: So far, you have learned that Halloween has a very dark origin, and frightful progression, now let’s look into its current celebration. Yes indeed, not only has Halloween a peculiar origin, and progression, it also has a very peculiar celebrationHalloween has a very peculiar celebrationA . As a Holliday, Halloween is now celebrated on October 31, not as a national holiday (because everyone still work during the day), but as a holiday with the notion to pretend to believe in old religious superstitions.1. The TRADITIONAL CELELBRATION focuses on the superstitions side of Halloween as well as having much fun. So, on that night:a. Children would go out for treat or treat in their favorite costumes. Nowadays, people dress up based on their personal favorite characters or heroes not just as Ghost or skeletal or witches only.b. children and adult would have - costume parties, and competing for prizes on the best costumes. People would have fun time laughing, dancing, eating together (desert like candy apples, caramel corn, sweet corn, pumping pie) , exchanging cards with one another and so on... and playing games (like, mummy wrapping, board games, bobbing apple and yes, even divination) on that night.c. People are still addicted to the notion of fear; therefore haunted housing attractions still play a major role in this celebration. People would decorate their houses, days in advance with different themes and all kinds of decorative (you name it!): like tomb stones, ghost, witches, bats, black cats, zombies, and scarecrows and so on…in addition to visiting haunted housing attractions. Let’s look at this video right now.Video on Fear: 2: 36 mins.2. The ALTERNATIVE CELERATION focuses on honoring God and being safe while having fun at the same time and doing something good for others.a. Christian families would have their children dress up in Christian character or costume and go to church parties that night: putting on singing, dancing, and acting shows to honor God, have fun and still have lots of candies to go home with on that night.b. Some others would go to church to pray, fast and have church services on that night.c. Still others would go out for trick or treating but use the opportunity it to help other less fortunate children-this is the so called “UNICEF Halloween.” The UNICEF Halloween is a fundraising program used to support UNICEF,HYPERLINK "" \l "cite_note-Britannica-71"[71]?a United Nations Program that provides humanitarian aid to children in developing countries. B. As a result, of all of these current practices, Halloween has become a highly commercialized celebration1. Make -up artist and costumes designers are very specialized these days a 2. The advertisement in store and on television are extensive3. In addition, multiple specialized stores are erected and tailored just for Halloween only. . C. Not only that, Halloween is becoming an expensive celebration. With the commercializing of Halloween, also comes an expensive market.1. The Costumes and mask or make ups are getting more sophisticated and expensive. The decorations are extensive, specialized and costly.2. Card exchange is becoming more and more prevalent. Now, it is a common practice for people would to send special Halloween Cards to one another on Halloween day as part of the celebration- In as much, the NYC Village Halloween Parade takes a lot of preparation and manpower and fund. SO all of these aspects and more make Halloween an expensive celebration. Listen to this! VIDEO ON THE VILLAGE PARADE 2:36 MINS. Internal Summary: To sum up, you have learned so far, about Halloween‘s origin, progression and current celebration CONCLUSION Yes, you have learned about one of funniest, second oldest & popular Holliday in the US. Now you know what Halloween is all about. You know about its peculiar history and current celebration. I would say, life’ too short! If you are ever invited to a Halloween party, just run along and enjoy yourself! Celebrating Halloween is a matter of preference. Whether you choose to celebrate it the traditional way or the alternative way-either way, have fun with it! Thanks for listening!BIBLIOGRAPHY ( APA)Taylor, H (1995). Special Days, Special Ways: Western Holidays Customs & Culture Beijing, China: Peking University Press. Pages 417-422Collis, H.( 1971) 101 American Customs USA: Passport book PressRogers, N. (2003).?Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night. Cambridge: Oxford University Press. p.?22. ................
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