AUSTRALIAN SMALL BUSINESS KEY STATISTICS AND …
AUSTRALIAN SMALL BUSINESS KEY STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS
DECEMBER 2012
? Commonwealth of Australia 2012 ISBN 978-1-922125-91-0 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education, GPO Box 9839, Canberra ACT 2601.
This publication has been prepared by the Industry Policy and Analysis Branch in the Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education. It is available on the department's website.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education would like to thank Professor Per Davidsson, Dr. Scott Gordon, Associate Professor Paul Steffens and their colleagues from the Australian Centre for Entrepreneurship Research for their contribution to this publication. For more information on CAUSEE, related research, or the Australian Centre for Entrepreneurship Research visit: bus.qut.edu.au/research/ace This report was prepared by Megan Clark, Melissa Eaton, David Meek, Emily Pye and Razib Tuhin. Assistance was provided by Richard Snabel, Nils de Jager, Arthur Lau, Ronesh Chandra, Anthony Scoble and Damien Ellwood. Also, a special thank you to everyone who commented and/or provided feedback.
CONTACT
For inquiries about this report or to obtain a copy, contact the Manager, Economic Conditions Section, economics@.au
DISCLAIMER
The material in this publication is collected by the Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education (DIISRTE) from various external sources, for information purposes only. This material is made available on the understanding that DIISRTE is not engaged in rendering professional advice. This material contains no warranties or representations. DIISRTE does not guarantee and accepts no liability whatsoever arising from or connected to, the accuracy, reliability, currency or completeness of any material contained in this publication. This material may include the views or recommendations of third parties, which do not necessarily reflect the views of DIISRTE.
CONTENTS
Definitions
vii
Introduction
1
Chapter 1: Early Stage Start-Ups: Evidence from the
Comprehensive Australian Study of Entrepreneurial Emergence (CAUSEE)
4
Numbers and types of start-up attempts
4
Survival, employment and growth
6
Characteristics of new venture founders
9
Exports and other international activities
11
Business confidence and the global financial crisis
12
Finance
13
Innovation and e-commerce
15
Chapter 2: Small businesses in the economy
20
Industry value added--private sector
20
How many people do small businesses employ in the private sector?
23
Small business exports
25
Chapter 3: Number of small businesses in Australia
28
Business numbers by size
28
Small business numbers by industry sector
29
Chapter 4: Selected business characteristics
31
Business structure and arrangements
31
Business markets and competition
33
Business finance
34
Skills
34
Business performance
35
Chapter 5: Number of small businesses by region
36
Business numbers by state
36
Chapter 6: Business entries and exits
40
Small business entries and exits
40
"Survival" rates
42
Chapter 7: Independent contractors and other business operators
44
Demographics
44
Work pattern
45
Industry and occupation of main job
47
AUSTRALIAN SMALL BUSINESS KEY STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS n Contents
iii
Chapter 8: Business conditions and confidence
49
Small and medium business conditions
49
Small and medium business confidence
52
Employment
53
Profits
54
Chapter 9: Small business bank lending
56
Trends in small business access to finance
57
Trends in interest rates on business loans
61
Chapter 10: Innovation, collaboration, research and development
63
Innovative activity
63
Barriers to innovation
64
Business performance where collaboration agreements are in place
64
Research & development
66
Chapter 11: e-commerce
68
Business use of the internet
68
SME investment in e-commerce
70
Social media
71
Appendix A--Statistical definitions and explanatory notes
72
Appendix B--Actively trading small businesses by region
76
Actively trading small businesses by electoral division
76
Actively trading small businesses by local government area
78
Appendix C--Text descriptions of figures
86
Bibliography
98
FIGURES
Figure 1: Cumulative firm outcomes after 36 months
7
Figure 2: Outcome distribution by type of nascent firm (Product/Service)
after 36 months
8
Figure 3: Employment in nascent and young firms
9
Figure 4: Founder gender distribution from a firm-level perspective
10
Figure 5: Nascent and young firms' participation in imports and exports over time 11
Figure 6: Seeking and receiving external funding (nascent firms only)
14
Figure 7: Estimated total novelty of nascent and young firms over time
16
Figure 8: Actual/expected share of sales generated online
17
Figure 9: Contribution to private sector industry value added by business size,
2010?11
20
Figure 10: Industry contribution to small business private sector industry
value added, 2010?11
21
iv
AUSTRALIAN SMALL BUSINESS KEY STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS n Contents
Figure 11: Share of private sector employment by business size, at end June 2011 23
Figure 12: Share of small business employment by industry, at end June 2011
23
Figure 13: Number of goods exporters by business size, 2006?07 to 2010?11
25
Figure 14: Share and annual change in the number of small business goods
exporters by industry, 2010?11
26
Figure 15: Share and annual change in the value of small business goods
exports by industry, 2010?11
27
Figure 16: Distribution of total business numbers by business size, June 2011
28
Figure 17: Distribution of businesses, including small business sub-categories,
by size, June 2011
29
Figure 18: Small business numbers by state, 2010?11
37
Figure 19: Breakdown of small businesses within each industry by state, 2010?11 38
Figure 20: Small business survival rates by state/territory, between June 2007 to
June 2011
43
Figure 21: Survival rates by industry and business size, between June 2007 to
June 2011
43
Figure 22: Gender distribution of independent contractors and other business
operators, November 2011
44
Figure 23: Business conditions, five years to the June quarter 2012
51
Figure 24: Business confidence, five years to the June quarter 2012
52
Figure 25: Business employment conditions, five years to the June quarter 2012
54
Figure 26: Business profits, five years to the June quarter 2012
55
Figure 27: Selected financial aggregates
58
Figure 28: Value of outstanding bank lending by size of business loan
59
Figure 29: New bank credit approvals by size of business loan
60
Figure 30: Value of outstanding bank loans that were less than $2 million, by industry 61
Figure 31: Spread between business lending rates
61
Figure 32: RBA small business indicator rate vs. the RBA cash rate target
62
Figure 33: Barriers to innovation, 2010?11
64
Figure 34: Business expenditure on research and development by business size
(current prices)
66
Figure 35: Annual growth in business expenditure on research and development by
business size, 2007?08 to 2010?11
67
Figure 36: Value of BERD by business size in selected industries,
2009?10 and 2010?11
67
Figure 37: Geographic locations of customers of small and medium businesses
69
Figure 38: When will investment be recovered?
70
AUSTRALIAN SMALL BUSINESS KEY STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS n Contents
v
TABLES
Table 1: Location of start-ups
6
Table 2: Per cent of nascent and young firms using different sources of funding
14
Table 3: Industry value added by sector and business size, 2010?11
22
Table 4: Employment by sector and business size, at end June 2011
24
Table 5: Business numbers by industry sector, as at June 2011
30
Table 6: Percentage of foreign ownership, by employment size, as at 30 June 2011 31
Table 7: Collaborative arrangements, by employment size, 2010?11
32
Table 8: Employee working arrangements, by employment size, 2010?11
32
Table 9: Geographic markets in which businesses sold goods or services,
by employment size
33
Table 10: Business performance assessment, by extent of focus, by type of measure,
2010?11
35
Table 11: Estimated number of small businesses by main state of
operation and industry
36
Table 12: Percentage of small businesses within each state by industry, 2010?11
39
Table 13: Business entries and exits by employment size, 2010?11
41
Table 14: Business "survival" rates by employment size, between June 2007 to
June 2011
42
Table 15: Distribution of independent contractors and other business operators
by age groups and country of birth, November 2011
45
Table 16: Distribution of independent contractors and other business operators
by work patterns, November 2011
46
Table 17: Distribution of independent contractors and other business operators
by industry and occupation, November 2011
47
Table 18: Distribution of independent contractors and other business operators
by occupation, November 2011
48
Table 19: Summary of innovative activity in Australia by business size, 2010?11
63
Table 20: Range of products or services offered by collaborative agreements 2008?09 65
Table 21: Productivity by collaborative agreements 2008?09
65
Table 22: Profitability by collaborative agreements 2008?09
65
Table 23: Summary of information technology in Australian businesses,
2009?10 to 2010?11
68
vi
AUSTRALIAN SMALL BUSINESS KEY STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS n Contents
DEFINITIONS
For statistical purposes, the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) defines a small business as an actively trading business with 0?19 employees. Micro businesses are small businesses with 0?4 employees. Actively trading businesses are businesses that have an ABN and are actively remitting in respect of a GST role.
The ABS defines a medium business as an actively trading business with 20?199 employees, and a large business as an actively trading business with 200 or more employees.
The employment size ranges are based on "headcount", rather than a measure of full-time equivalent persons. A distinction can also be made between employing and non-employing businesses, where employing businesses have an active Income Tax Withholding (ITW) role.
No single definition of a small business will suit all the needs of government or the private sector. This is reflected in the many different ways a small business can be defined. The two most common ways of defining an Australian small business are by annual turnover or the number of employees (or a combination of the two).
Unless otherwise stated, the statistics contained in this publication are based on the ABS definition of business size outlined above.
Further definitions and explanatory notes are reported in the statistical tables at Appendix A.
AUSTRALIAN SMALL BUSINESS KEY STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS n Definitions
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AUSTRALIAN SMALL BUSINESS KEY STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS n
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