Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Desk Guide



7324725142875Washington Office242000Washington Office1885952000154940Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Desk Guide Final Draft 1.06900096000Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Desk Guide Final Draft 1.070961251143000Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u 1.0 Purpose PAGEREF _Toc460313587 \h 32.0 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc460313588 \h 3Forest Service Vision of UAS PAGEREF _Toc460313589 \h 3Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Perspective PAGEREF _Toc460313590 \h 33.0 Forest Service Policy PAGEREF _Toc460313591 \h 4Key Points PAGEREF _Toc460313592 \h 4Privacy Policy PAGEREF _Toc460313593 \h 54.0 Recreational Use of UAS on National Forest System Lands (NFS) PAGEREF _Toc460313594 \h 5Recreational or Hobby UAS PAGEREF _Toc460313595 \h 5Unauthorized UAS flown by the public PAGEREF _Toc460313596 \h 65.0 Commercial Use of UAS on National Forest System Lands (NFS) for Non-government benefit PAGEREF _Toc460313597 \h 8Commercial Use of sUAS (FAA) perspective. PAGEREF _Toc460313598 \h 8FAA Part 107 PAGEREF _Toc460313599 \h 8UAS Special Use Permit (SUP) PAGEREF _Toc460313600 \h 106.0 Public (Forest Service) Use of UAS PAGEREF _Toc460313601 \h 11Public Use of UAS FAA perspective PAGEREF _Toc460313602 \h 11Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA) PAGEREF _Toc460313603 \h 11Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) PAGEREF _Toc460313604 \h 12Acquisition of UAS PAGEREF _Toc460313605 \h 13Contracting UAS for Government Benefit PAGEREF _Toc460313606 \h 13Training and Certifications for Employee Pilots PAGEREF _Toc460313607 \h 147.0 Data and Information Technology (IT) Management PAGEREF _Toc460313608 \h 15Data and IT Management PAGEREF _Toc460313609 \h 158.0 Useful Links PAGEREF _Toc460313610 \h 16Forest Service PAGEREF _Toc460313611 \h 16US Department of Interior/ BLM/ NPS PAGEREF _Toc460313612 \h 16Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) PAGEREF _Toc460313613 \h 16Public Education Campaigns PAGEREF _Toc460313614 \h 16UAS Pilot/ Operator User Apps PAGEREF _Toc460313615 \h 169.0 ACRONYMS PAGEREF _Toc460313616 \h 17Appendix A PAGEREF _Toc460313617 \h 17UAS REQUEST PROCESS FLOW CHART PAGEREF _Toc460313618 \h 17UAS REQUEST PROCESSING FLOW PAGEREF _Toc460313619 \h 18 EMPLOYEE UAS REQUEST PAGEREF _Toc460313620 \h 19 UAS REQUEST FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES PAGEREF _Toc460313621 \h 20UAS RESOURCE PROJECT FLOW PAGEREF _Toc460313622 \h 21UAS REQUEST DESK GUIDE SCENARIOS PAGEREF _Toc460313623 \h 22Scenario #1 PAGEREF _Toc460313624 \h 22Scenario #2 PAGEREF _Toc460313625 \h 22Scenario #3 PAGEREF _Toc460313626 \h 22Scenario #4 PAGEREF _Toc460313627 \h 23Scenario #5 PAGEREF _Toc460313628 \h 23Scenario #6 PAGEREF _Toc460313629 \h 23Scenario #7 PAGEREF _Toc460313630 \h 23Scenario #8 PAGEREF _Toc460313631 \h 24Scenario #9 PAGEREF _Toc460313632 \h 24Scenario #10 PAGEREF _Toc460313633 \h 24Scenario #11 PAGEREF _Toc460313634 \h 25Scenario #12 PAGEREF _Toc460313635 \h 25Appendix B PAGEREF _Toc460313636 \h 26Washington Office Contacts PAGEREF _Toc460313637 \h 26Regional Contacts PAGEREF _Toc460313638 \h 27Northern Rockies Region (R1): PAGEREF _Toc460313639 \h 27Rocky Mountain Region (R2): PAGEREF _Toc460313640 \h 27Southwest Region (R3): PAGEREF _Toc460313641 \h 28Intermountain Region (R4): PAGEREF _Toc460313642 \h 28Pacific Southwest Region (R5): PAGEREF _Toc460313643 \h 28Pacific Northwest/Alaska Region (R6/10): PAGEREF _Toc460313644 \h 29Southern Region (R8): PAGEREF _Toc460313645 \h 30Eastern Region (R9): PAGEREF _Toc460313646 \h 30Appendix C PAGEREF _Toc460313647 \h 31GENERALLY ACCEPTED UAS CLASSIFICATIONS PAGEREF _Toc460313648 \h 31MAV (Micro (or Miniature) or NAV (Nano) Air Vehicles) PAGEREF _Toc460313649 \h 31VTOL (Vertical Take-Off & Landing) PAGEREF _Toc460313650 \h 31LASE (Low Altitude, Short-Endurance) PAGEREF _Toc460313651 \h 31LASE Close PAGEREF _Toc460313652 \h 32LALE (Low Altitude, Long Endurance) PAGEREF _Toc460313653 \h 32MALE (Medium Altitude, Long Endurance) PAGEREF _Toc460313654 \h 32HALE (High Altitude, Long Endurance) PAGEREF _Toc460313655 \h 32Figure 2. UAS Platforms PAGEREF _Toc460313656 \h 33Figure 3. UAV Nomenclature Designations PAGEREF _Toc460313657 \h 34NATIONAL UAS DESK GUIDEVersion 08/30/20161.0 PurposeThis Desk Guide has been developed to aid aviation managers and local line officers in assessing and processing requests for the use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Reference Appendix A – UAS Process Flow Chart, for guidance in determining what steps to take when UAS operations are needed and by whom – a Forest Service employee or an external entity.2.0 IntroductionUAS have the potential to augment the Forest Service’s capacity to gather information to support several natural resource management purposes, including wildfire management; disaster response; law enforcement support; forest health monitoring; research; and forest and range management. Forest Service Vision of UASThe Forest Service is an organization that adopts new technologies such as UAS with a deliberate approach in a safe and cost-effective manner when they are the right asset to help us complete our mission. The Forest Service continues to work toward safe integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) technology to accomplish agency goals and objectives. Work will continue with Federal partners, including the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), to ensure commercial and recreational/hobbyist use of UAS on National Forest System Lands (NFS) protects public safety and respects privacy. The Forest Service will continue to integrate UAS technology responsibly and within regulations while ensuring public resources, safety and privacy are protected (Forest Service Chief’s Letter 2016).Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) PerspectiveAll unmanned aircraft systems are “aircraft” as defined in the FAA’s authorizing statutes and is therefore subject to regulation by the FAA. The FAA's vision for fully integrating UAS into the National Airspace System (NAS) entails UAS operating harmoniously, side-by-side with manned aircraft, occupying the same airspace and using many of the same air traffic management systems and procedures. This vision goes beyond the accommodation practices in use today, which largely rely on operational segregation to maintain systemic safety. Realizing this vision requires collaboration across industry, government, and academia. 3.0 Forest Service PolicyThe Forest Service has determined that Unmanned Aircraft Systems are aircraft and the Chief has designated Fire and Aviation Management as the point of contact responsible within the Forest Service for all UAS operations. Forest Service manual (FSM) 5700 is where policy governing aviation can be found. Referenced Forest Service policy - FSM 5710.35, FSM 5712.4, FSM 5713.43, FSM 5713.7, FSM 5718.1, Forest Service National Aviation Safety and Management Plan Referenced interagency policy -Interagency Standards for Fire and Fire Aviation Operations (Red Book) Below are the most applicable policy references: Key PointsAn approved agreement/Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) specific to UAS operations is required to utilize Federal Partner/ Cooperator aircraft on Forest Service system land and for Forest Service benefit.All UAS operations, activities, concerns, or requests shall be coordinated through the Regional Aviation Officer (RAO). This includes resource (non-incident) and incident operations and any clarification of hobby or recreational use of remote controlled aircraft on National Forest System Lands (NFS).An approved Project Aviation Safety Plan (PASP) is required for all resource (non-incident) aviation missions.Any Forest Service leased, contracted, or owned UAS will require a Certificate of Authorization (COA) from the FAA before operation. COAs will be coordinated through the Forest Service Technical Contact as identified in the National Aviation Safety and Management Plan. Use of other agency UAS which have approved COAs will require prior approval from the Washington Office Assistant Director, Aviation. Aircraft and pilot approval for cooperator UAS will adhere to existing cooperator aircraft and pilot approval policy in FSM 5712.4 and 5713.43Cooperators, pilot associations and volunteer aviation groups or individuals may offer to fly unmanned aviation missions (e.g., aerial surveys, fire reconnaissance, and infrared missions) at no charge to fire Incident Management Teams. We cannot accept these services unless they meet FAA and Forest Service policy. Under current policy, UAS are considered “mechanized” equipment and consequently cannot take off from, or land in, congressionally designated Wilderness Areas.All aircraft (to include UAS) purchase, lease, or acquisition must follow Forest Service procurement policy and procedures. UAS flights under Forest Service operational control must adhere to Forest Service policy and regulations regarding their use. Guidance can be found in FSM 5713.7, the Forest Service National Aviation Safety and Management Plan and at Management Teams must notify the Forest Service administrator prior to use of UAS. A modification to the Delegation of Authority should be considered. Personally owned UAS or model aircraft may not be used by federal agencies or their employees for interagency fire and resource (non-resource) use. Privacy PolicyThe Forest Service maintains policies to address privacy concerns for both employees and the public. These policies will be reviewed to ensure public privacy guidelines associated with recreational UAS use in developed recreational complexes, such as campgrounds, are adequate. The Forest Service use of UAS does not inherently increase chances of person privacy being violated, but it does raise the visibility of privacy concerns. Forest Service use of UAS will only be for authorized purposes and will be in alignment with Forest Service policy (Forest Service Chief’s Letter 2016).The Forest Service is required to comply with?all current applicable Federal privacy laws, regulations, and guidance??and must establish and apply data safeguards.? Protecting Personally Identifiable Information (PII) is the one of the Forest Service’s primary focuses.? The Forest Service has devised, and adheres to, a?Code of Fair Information Privacy Principles?the?agency’s web policy; disclosure of data collection and minimization practices; and independent audits.?4.0 Recreational Use of UAS on National Forest System Lands (NFS)Chapters 4 through 6 will help explain in more detail FAA UAS Civil Use, the differences between the FAA categories of use and how they may apply to the decision making process while giving some common terminology. Recreational or Hobby UASRecreational or hobby UAS use is flying for enjoyment and not for work, business purposes, or for compensation or hire. Members of the public may fly UAS for hobby or recreation in many places on National Forest System lands. However, there are areas on National Forest System lands where UAS can’t be flown by Federal law and in accordance with FAA guidelines.By law, the areas where UAS can’t be operated from include Wilderness Areas and areas with Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) in place, such as wildfires. The areas where they shouldn’t be flown in accordance with FAA safety guidelines include: Campgrounds and trailheads Forest Service helibases, airtanker bases, and other aircraft facilities including backcountry airstrips Areas where aircraft are performing wildfire suppression or other natural resource management missions, such as aerial surveys for forest health protectionThere are two ways for recreational or hobby UAS fliers to operate in the national airspace system in accordance with the law and/or FAA regulations. Each of the two options has specific requirements that the UAS operator must follow. The decision as to which option to follow is up to the individual operator. Option #1. Fly in accordance with the Special Rule for Model Aircraft (Public Law 112-95 Section 336). Under this rule, operators must:Fly for hobby or recreational purposes onlyFollow a community-based set of safety guidelines such as the Academy of Model Aeronautics (AMA)Fly the UAS within visual line-of-sightGive way to manned aircraftProvide prior notification to the airport and air traffic control tower, if one is present, when flying within 5 miles of an airport. Refer to the FAA’s Know before you fly app: UAS that weigh no more than 55 lbs. unless certified by a community-based organizationRegister the aircraft Option #2. Fly in accordance with the FAA's Small UAS Rule (Part 107). This requires operators to:Obtain a remote pilot certificate or be under the direct supervision of someone who holds such a certificate.Register the aircraft as a non-modeler Follow all the operating rules in accordance with the regulationUnauthorized UAS flown by the publicThere have been multiple reports of UAS flown in areas or in situations that pose a concern to safety, for example, near airports. The Forest Service is aware UAS flown by non-participating pilots over project or fire areas is not only a possibility, but has been a reality. With unauthorized UAS flown by the public near agency missions, the potential for increased risk to manned aircraft and personnel on the ground is realized. For unauthorized UAS in a Non-Wildland Fire situation: a) Contact the local law enforcement, aviation manager and line officer. Document concern and check for Wilderness area. The FAA has developed additional guidance for Law Enforcement personnel: a Non-Participating UAS Intrusion on Wildland fireThrough a Memorandum, the NWCG has established a standard for mitigating the threat of UAS over wildland fire incidents. A UAS Incursion Protocol for Wildland Firefighters has been developed to assist fire line personnel when an incursion occurs.Safety Alerts:UAS Intrusions Impacting Incident Air OperationsConflicts with Civilian UAS and Hobbyist/ Remote Controlled AircraftKey Points:UAS are like any other hazard. “If you see something, say something”.Fire personnel should report all unauthorized UAS, or drone, activity via the SAFECOM system. UAS information (color, size, altitude, flight pattern) should be reported if known. All UAS Incursions should be reported to FAA.Unless a temporary flight restriction (TFR) is in place, it may be possible for the drone activity to be “legal”. If anticipating extended air operations, requesting a TFR is recommended. If you encounter a person operating a UAS over your incident, a simple request for them to stop should be made. If they fail to comply, law enforcement should be notified. Safety of personnel should be assessed in any operator contact.Dispatch centers should report UAS incursions to the nearest Air Traffic Control Center.Safety of flight should be primary over any fire aircraft locating the operator.Incident operations personnel make risk-based decisions on every mission. The decision to conduct any mission depends on the assessment of a variety of risk factors including (but not limited to) wind, topography, and visibility. Mitigating risks associated with a UAS intrusion is no different. Every tactical situation is unique and respective plans/procedures may require modification based on those differences. Your number one defense is to be proactive and educate the public on what they don’t know. Complimentary to that is establishing procedures designed to manage it when it occurs. Implementing a TFR restricts non-participating aircraft and improves safety for flight crews and other incident personnel.5.0 Commercial Use of UAS on National Forest System Lands (NFS) for Non-government benefitCommercial use of UAS on Forest Service land is allowed. Individuals and organizations that want to fly a UAS on National Forest System Lands for business purposes are covered under FAA Civil Operations Part 107 (Non-Governmental). This includes news media, film and video production mercial Use of sUAS (FAA) perspective. Any Unmanned Aircraft flying for work, business purposes, or for compensation or hire is considered commercial use. There are three ways to fly a UAS for work, business, or non-recreational reasons: Following the requirements in the Small UAS rule (Part 107)Obtain Waiver(s) to the specific aspect of Part 107 to operate outside of OR Obtain a separate 333 exemption with a COA (the blanket 400’ AGL or below COA could be used)The Forest Service has requirements to be met for commercial vendors operating on NFS lands. Please refer to UAS Special Use Permit section on page 13 for a broader discussion on Special Use Permits. FAA Part 107The FAA issued a final rule adding Part 107, effective August 29, 2016, integrating civil sUAS into the National Airspace System. Part 107 allows sUAS operations for many different non-hobby and non-recreational purposes without requiring airworthiness certification, exemption, or a Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA). These rules address the classification of sUAS, certification of sUAS remote pilots, and sUAS operational limitations. This advisory circular (AC), AC 107-2 provides guidance for conducting sUAS operations in the NAS in accordance with Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR).Under Part 107, civil sUAS operators both private and commercial have two requirements to demonstrate FAA compliance:Aircraft registration andRemote Pilot Certificate with a sUAS rating. (See Figure 1 below)However, any civil sUAS missions flown for Forest Service work or benefit are considered Public use and therefore FAA Part 107 and Forest Service regulations apply. Figure 1. The rules for operating an unmanned aircraft depend on why you want to flyThe FAA rules for operating an unmanned aircraftFly for FunFly for WorkPilot RequirementsNo pilot requirementsMust have Remote Pilot Airman CertificateMust be 16 years oldMust pass TSA vetting Aircraft RequirementsMust be registered if over 0.55 lbs.Must be less than 55 lbs.Must be registered if over 0.55 lbs. (online)Must undergo pre-flight check to ensure UAS is in condition for safe operation Location Requirements5 miles from airports without prior notification to airport and air traffic controlClass G airspace*Operating RulesMust ALWAYS yield right of way to manned aircraftMust keep the aircraft in sight (visual line-of-sight)UAS must be under 55 lbs.Must follow community-based safety guidelinesMust notify airport and air traffic control tower before flying within 5 miles of an airport Must keep the aircraft in sight (visual line-of-sight)*Must fly under 400 feet*Must fly during the day*Must fly at or below 100 mph*Must yield right of way to manned aircraft*Must NOT fly over people*Must NOT fly from a moving vehicle* Example ApplicationsEducational or recreational flying onlyFlying for commercial use (e.g. providing aerial surveying or photography services)Flying incidental to a business (e.g. doing roof inspections or real estate photography) Legal or Regulatory BasisPublic Law 112-95, Section 336 – Special Rule for Model AircraftFAA Interpretation of the Special Rule for Model Aircraft Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulation (14 CFR) Part 107*These rules are subject to waiver.UAS Special Use Permit (SUP)For commercial UAS operators conducting their own business not for the Forest Service, but on NFS lands, there would not be a UAS specific SUP issued. UAS are tools or equipment of the trade just like canoes, horses, or dozers, therefore the Forest Service is not creating a use code for UAS’s. Use of UAS as tools would be authorized under permits such as outfitter/guide or utility line and incorporated into an Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Plan (See FSH 2709.11 CHP 10 - APPLICATION AND AUTHORIZATION PROCESSING, Exhibit 02 Appropriate Use Code Authority). ??The operator of a UAS for business on NFS lands will need to have a permit for the activity that requires the use of a UAS. So if they are filming and using a UAS to film, they will need a film permit in general.Here are a few examples when the use of UAS could be incorporated into an O&M Plan:A ski resort uses UAS to provide a video service to skiersA power company uses UAS to inspect power lines that run through the forest A marina uses UAS to capture imagery of new dock and building construction An outfitter uses UAS to capture their client’s “experience” A commercial film crew uses UAS to gather imagery on NFS lands for a movieHere are a few examples of non-FS people using UAS in their work on NFS lands that would NOT be considered special use. In these cases, discussions with the appropriate contracting officers, permit administrators, Specialists and Line Officers to understand the overarching limits is warranted. There is policy in place to handle the use of aircraft in these situations:A timber sale contractor utilizes UAS to gather information for themselves or monitor a timber sale Mining inspections Ranchers monitoring sheep allotments Contractor monitoring construction of a new district office building One of the keys is to get your Special Use Permit administrators involved early in determining what the requirements are for any given situation. If a commercial operator wishes to acquire a Special Use Permit and operate a UAS within the provisions of Part 107, the following items would demonstrate FAA compliance;Aircraft registration and aRemote pilot certificate with a Small UAS ratingIf they wished to operate outside of the provisions of Part 107, the following items would demonstrate FAA compliance:Aircraft registration and aRemote Pilot certificate with a Small UAS rating and a Waiver(s) to the specific aspect of Part 107 to operate outside of OR a 333 exemption and COA (There is a 400’ AGL and below blanket COA that could be used with the separate 333 exemption) 6.0 Public (Forest Service) Use of UAS Current, Forest Service policy, FSM 5713.7 states UAS must be considered the same as manned aircraft, in terms of acquisition, approval and carding of pilots and aircraft, inspections, maintenance, avionics, training, and operations.Public Use of UAS FAA perspectiveAny Unmanned Aircraft owned or operated by the United States Government, contracted or leased by the government, state/local agencies and qualifying universities are considered public use. The FAA is tasked with ensuring safety in the National Airspace System (NAS). Airspace regulations are in place for Federal agencies who conduct aviation under “public aircraft operations”. FAA regulations require Federal agencies to have airspace approval through their Certificate of Waiver/Authorization (COA) process. Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA)For public agencies such as the Forest Service and DOI the FAA issues a Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA) that permits public agencies and organizations to operate a particular aircraft, for a particular purpose, in a particular area. The COA allows an operator to use a defined block of airspace and includes special safety provisions unique to the proposed operation. COAs usually are issued for a specific period – up to two years in many cases. In order to obtain a COA, an operator must demonstrate that the UAV is airworthy and would not be a threat to the public or to other aircraft. The COAs enable the Forest Service to fly UAVs in a certain area, rather than by flight. Therefore, once the Forest Service obtains a COA, it can operate a UAV multiple times within a certain geographic area. The FAA works with agencies to develop specific conditions to ensure the safety of operations, such as limiting use to low population areas. For federal fires, the DOI or the Forest Service would be the lead agency for obtaining a COA depending on the jurisdiction of the fire. In the event of a multi-jurisdiction incident the DOI UAS specialist, the USFS UAS advisory group chair, or State or local representative will determine who should obtain the COA.Although Part 107 has provisions that allow public aircraft operations without a COA, Forest Service policy requires one to be in place. Memorandum of Agreement (MOA)The Forest Service has entered into discussions with the FAA to provide access to the National Airspace System (NAS) through two Memorandums of Agreement rather than having to go through the full COA process. The first Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between the USDA Forest Service and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) sets forth provisions that will allow Forest Service-operated small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) increased access to Class G airspace for public aircraft operations. The purpose of the MOA is to allow USFS to access the National Airspace System (NAS) through the Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA) via Notification process for sUAS operations. The policies, procedures, and operations prescribed in the MOA apply to Forest Service sUAS (55 lbs. or less) operations in Class G airspace (at or below 1200 ft. Above Ground Level (AGL)), authorized through COA via Notification procedures. Once the agreement is fully in place, requests for utilization of the MOA should be submitted to the National UAS Program Manager in coordination with the appropriate Regional Aviation Officer.The second MOA will allow the Forest Service increased access to airspace within an established Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR). This agreement includes a provision for beyond visual line of sight operations under an emergency COA (eCOA). Once this agreement is fully in place, requests for utilization of the MOA should be submitted to the National UAS Program Manager in coordination with the appropriate Regional Aviation Officer and Incident Management Team. *Although the MOAs might be in place, there are FAA requirements to be met as well as Forest Service policy. The National UAS Program Manager is the designated point of contact for all Forest Service COAs, including COA by notification and eCOAs. Acquisition of UASAs aircraft, UAS must be contracted, leased or purchased under Federal Aircraft Regulation standards. The Forest Service uses the commercial industry for a vast majority of our aviation services, with some cooperator and Forest Service fleet aircraft for specialized missions. This balance promotes commerce and innovation while providing cost efficiencies to the Forest Service. The expectation is that UAS will follow suit with the majority of UAS utilization coming from commercial industry, with some cooperator and fleet UAS for specialized missions. The Forest Service is working to develop an overarching Aviation Business Case for sUAS. When in place, local units with a proper justification will be able to work with the Washington Office Fire and Aviation Management staff on purchasing and contracting sUAS (Forest Service Chief’s Letter 2016).The following is referenced from Forest Service Manual 5718.1 Aircraft Acquisition: All decisions to acquire or lease aircraft (including UAS) will be approved by the Washington Office, Director of Fire and Aviation Management1. A completed Office of Management and Budget, OMB Circular A-11, Part 7, Aviation Business Case will be submitted to the Director, FAM, for any new aircraft acquisition or investments (including contract and leasing). The Capital Programming Guide, V2.0, Supplement to: OMB Circular A-11, Part 7 or the Aircraft Capital Asset Planning Desk Guide, may be used as a guide.2. An Aviation Business Cases will be reviewed annually by the Washington Office P&BA as part of the annual budget cycle. 3. Aviation Business Cases for all Forest Service aircraft must be formally re-validated every five years by the unit responsible for their operation and use and re-submitted to the Director, FAM for approval. Consult with your Unit Aviation Officer or the Regional Aviation Staff to assist in selecting and ordering the aircraft best suited for the mission. Contracting UAS for Government BenefitThe FAA established an avenue for commercial UAS operators to become certified, which will allow the Forest Service to contract for UAS services. The Aviation Contracting Desk Reference document provides information on the process for contracting all aircraft, including UAS. The appropriate Regional Aviation Officer should be coordinated with in assessing project requirements and contract specifications. Training and Certifications for Employee PilotsThe Forest Service has had a history of using FAA certifications as a baseline and increasing skills and standards through additional training and experience for pilot certification. The same philosophy can be expected for employee pilots to operate sUAS. Current policy makes no distinction between unmanned aircraft systems pilots and manned aircraft pilots. Until policy can be updated, anyone who wishes to fly any sUAS for the Forest Service must meet the pilot requirement found in FSH 5709.16. All aircraft and pilots employed by the USFS shall be approved by the WO Fire and Aviation staff in accordance with Forest Service policy. Employee pilot training and certification standards appropriate for small UAS will be developed through coordination with interagency partners, industry research, SMS principles and agency discussion. The UAS Desk Guide will be updated once new pilot training and certification standards can be established in policy.The FAA requirement for operating a sUAS is the following:A person operating a sUAS must either hold a remote pilot airman certificate with a sUAS rating or be under the direct supervision of a person who does hold a remote pilot certificate (remote pilot in command)Pass an initial aeronautical knowledge test at an FAA-approved knowledge testing center; orHold a part 61 pilot certificate other than student pilot, and complete a flight review within the previous 24 months, and complete a sUAS online training course provided by the FAA.Be vetted by the Transportation Security AdministrationBe at least 16 years old7.0 Data and Information Technology (IT) ManagementData and IT ManagementCurrent regulatory guidance informs the acquisition and management of IT assets and the governance of data collected. As our technical infrastructure grows to support full integration of UAS, revisions and additional protocols will be introduced. This includes new or revised policies, regulations, processes, and procedures. Special consideration is being given to address privacy concerns and the practical management of personal and sensitive information gathered through UAS operations. Aviation regulations governing airspace, certifications, acquisition, reporting and tracking will be adhered to when collecting data (Forest Service Chief’s Letter 2016). Units wishing to utilize UAS must have a plan in place for how they are going to collect, process, and disseminate data gathered by a UAS. The Geospatial Management Organization (GMO) has a portal intended for Forest Service users to facilitate conversations and to share ideas about geospatial and related information management/ IT technology issues. The Forest Service will not purchase, lease or contract for any UAS platform where the data is not secure and can be controlled by the agency. Examples of data security include telemetry data of the aircraft, control link between pilot and aircraft, imagery captured during flight and raw data not included in the final product. Coordination with the Chief Information Office (CIO) should occur to ensure appropriate data security and data regulations are met. 8.0 Useful LinksForest ServiceInteragency fire use of UAS: 2016 Interagency Standards for Fire and Aviation Operations (Redbook), Chapter 16UAS Forest Service policy: and policy guidance: Placer Bridge Project video: Department of Interior/ BLM/ NPS Information on DOI’s UAS policy, privacy, agreements, training and contacts: Information on BLM’s UAS policy: Information on NPS’s UAS policy: Aviation Administration (FAA)Information on UAS: on current TFR’s: Safety Hotline: Education CampaignsExternal FS website for the public: for recreational UAS users: for Responsible UAS use: public outreach and PSA: FAA’s “Know Before you Fly”: UAS Pilot/ Operator User Apps ACRONYMSBLM – Bureau of Land Management AMA – Academy of Model AeronauticsCOA – Certificate of Authorization TFR – Temporary Flight RestrictioneCOA – emergency Certificate of AuthorizationMOU – Memorandum of UnderstandingDOI – Department of InteriorMOA – Memorandum of AgreementFAA – Federal Aviation AdministrationUAS – Unmanned Aircraft SystemNAMP – National Aviation Management PlansUAS – Small Unmanned Aircraft SystemUAO – Unit Aviation OfficersUAV – Small Unmanned Aerial VehicleRAO – Regional Aviation OfficerSUP - Special Use PermitRASM – Regional Aviation Safety ManagerNFS – National Forest System LandsNIFC – National Interagency Fire CenterAGL – Above Ground LevelNAS – National Airspace SystemAppendix AUAS REQUEST PROCESS FLOW CHARTA UAS Request Process Flow Chart follows which includes links to various UAS scenarios. Enter the Flow Chart at the upper left of page 1 and answer the question “Who needs or desires to operate a UAS – A Forest Service employee or an external entity?” Follow the path, answering each question in turn, until you reach a terminus and a Scenario reference. By pressing the CTRL key and clicking on the Scenario number, you will skip to that scenario for further information. UAS REQUEST PROCESSING FLOW46577258890Direct the requestor to FAA Advisory Circular 91-57 and provide Forest Service UAS Policy and Requirements (See Scenario #3)00Direct the requestor to FAA Advisory Circular 91-57 and provide Forest Service UAS Policy and Requirements (See Scenario #3)1962785-635Is the proposed UAS use intended for only recreational purposes (not to accomplish any work, research, data gathering, or profit)?00Is the proposed UAS use intended for only recreational purposes (not to accomplish any work, research, data gathering, or profit)?-3333750Who needs or desires to operate a UAS – a Forest Service employee or an external entity?00Who needs or desires to operate a UAS – a Forest Service employee or an external entity?396621031750YES00YES37471356340010858502984500285749929654500685799248920009524254000006924675107315Create or Modify Cooperative Agreement to include UAS data. (See Scenario #7)00Create or Modify Cooperative Agreement to include UAS data. (See Scenario #7)2937510111760NO00NO6461760314960YES00YES465582026035Does the Forest Service have any interest in the product that may be produced by the UAS mission (video, still photos, digital data, etc.)?00Does the Forest Service have any interest in the product that may be produced by the UAS mission (video, still photos, digital data, etc.)?4032885316865YES00YES1962150175260Is the external entity a cooperator (other Federal, State or Local Government) or a potential cooperator?00Is the external entity a cooperator (other Federal, State or Local Government) or a potential cooperator?30480035560External Entity00External Entity6353175289559003790950299084006924675284480SEESpecial Use Permit Process00SEESpecial Use Permit Process2930525270510NO00NO28670245270500592454929083000-285750123825Forest Service Employee00Forest Service Employee61341006286500573087573025NO00NO6972300225425Create or Modify an MOA or MOU (if applicable) to include UAS data. (See Scenario #1)00Create or Modify an MOA or MOU (if applicable) to include UAS data. (See Scenario #1)6490335270510YES00YES470344534925Does the Forest Service have any interest in the product that may be produced by the UAS mission (video, still photos, digital data, etc.)?00Does the Forest Service have any interest in the product that may be produced by the UAS mission (video, still photos, digital data, etc.)?4054475150495YES00YES2009775141605Is the external entity a University?00Is the external entity a University?76191905000384238514096900289559953975006398260-1271002937510168910NO00NO1838325193675The UAS operation is a commercial (not recreational) endeavor.See UAS Request for Commercial use 00The UAS operation is a commercial (not recreational) endeavor.See UAS Request for Commercial use -483870156210Next page – EMPLOYEE UAS REQUEST00Next page – EMPLOYEE UAS REQUEST5619750266065006969760315595SEESpecial Use Permit Process00SEESpecial Use Permit Process5619750125730NO00NO3371845016500335279952500 EMPLOYEE UAS REQUEST26860505085715Forest Service UAS program manager for additional information(Scenario #5, #9 and #10)00Forest Service UAS program manager for additional information(Scenario #5, #9 and #10)68389503280410No additional options at this time00No additional options at this time46005753690620Does the employee desire to use a Forest Serviced-owned UAS? 00Does the employee desire to use a Forest Serviced-owned UAS? -952504433570Does the employee personally own, desire to purchase (buy), or has already purchased with government funds a UAS for Forest Service use? 00Does the employee personally own, desire to purchase (buy), or has already purchased with government funds a UAS for Forest Service use? 52197004633595UAS Contract Process(See Scenario #8)020000UAS Contract Process(See Scenario #8)61474353550920NO00NO61398153963035YES00YES69342004195445Government owned, government operated(Scenario #6)020000Government owned, government operated(Scenario #6)608647542621200060864753852544001543050522414500150431528422600015049509759950016230603312795NO00NO22148804030345Does the employee desire to contract the use of a UAS? 00Does the employee desire to contract the use of a UAS? 39757353787140NO00NO384810046431200040157404363085YES00YES384810041001940016160754917440YES00YES16230604331970NO00NO15240004605019007905754088765YES00YES714375396684500657224251904500-952503023235Is a UAS the most efficient and the least risk for accomplishing the work?00Is a UAS the most efficient and the least risk for accomplishing the work?7143752631440YES00YES647700117602000-952501670050Has a cost/benefit analysis and a risk assessment been conducted?00Has a cost/benefit analysis and a risk assessment been conducted?7131051297305YES00YES30098991176020002143125175895Develop and evaluate alternatives. Is there a better alternative than utilizing an aircraft?00Develop and evaluate alternatives. Is there a better alternative than utilizing an aircraft?3971925709294001428750709294004265930335915YES00YES1616075342900NO00NO150495023380690018135602196465NO00NO150495017278350028162251614805NO00NO4924425166370Plan alternate means of accomplishing the work.020000Plan alternate means of accomplishing the work.180975024352250021431252511425Conduct a cost/benefit analysis and a risk assessment.00Conduct a cost/benefit analysis and a risk assessment.-95250224790Has the employee considered alternative methods to accomplish the work?00Has the employee considered alternative methods to accomplish the work?3333750552450Refer the commercial operator to:the FAA website for Part 107 rulesthe local District Ranger for a Special Use Permit ApplicationOnce the operator receives authority from the FAA, direct them to coordinate efforts to de-conflict airspace by providing a contact name and number to the local dispatch center.(Scenario #2 and #4)00Refer the commercial operator to:the FAA website for Part 107 rulesthe local District Ranger for a Special Use Permit ApplicationOnce the operator receives authority from the FAA, direct them to coordinate efforts to de-conflict airspace by providing a contact name and number to the local dispatch center.(Scenario #2 and #4)-190500552450Is the primary purpose for the commercial UAS operation to provide information to the Forest Service?00Is the primary purpose for the commercial UAS operation to provide information to the Forest Service? UAS REQUEST FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES264795023113900274701015875NO00NO7086602228850078486065405YES00YES15392407683500-154305132080Does the Forest Service have any interest in the product that may be produced by the UAS mission (video, still photos, digital data, etc.)?00Does the Forest Service have any interest in the product that may be produced by the UAS mission (video, still photos, digital data, etc.)?1596390142875NO00NO787400139065YES00YES6953256477000-152400208280Is the proposed UAS mission for Fire Suppression/Prescribed Fire Use?00Is the proposed UAS mission for Fire Suppression/Prescribed Fire Use?28479758890See UAS Resource Project Workflow 00See UAS Resource Project Workflow 164211021590NO00NO1543050952400787400180340YES00YES69532510604500-152400249555The IC should refer the offer to the NIAC IAFUASS (National Interagency Aviation Committee Interagency Aviation Fire UAS Subcommittee) via the Forest Service aviation manager. (Scenario #11)00The IC should refer the offer to the NIAC IAFUASS (National Interagency Aviation Committee Interagency Aviation Fire UAS Subcommittee) via the Forest Service aviation manager. (Scenario #11) UAS RESOURCE PROJECT FLOW1676400125730004001770528320004160520678180Appropriate Platform00Appropriate Platform-559435676275Local Unit Request00Local Unit Request4992370412115No00No50057051000125Yes00Yes429323531654750054584603107055No00No54584605074920Agency Public Affairs00Agency Public Affairs26104854918710 Aviation Dispatch Coordination00 Aviation Dispatch Coordination11341104918710Field Deployment00Field Deployment2200910514730900-4165605838190Data Collection/ Flight Ops00Data Collection/ Flight Ops15424155838190Data Management00Data Management-474345477329500-3117854932045Is It Safe To Fly?00Is It Safe To Fly?154305404876000-2717804232910No00No15430455352950035439355847715Image Analysis00Image Analysis725805606678900260921560667900053619405847715Deliver Products to Field00Deliver Products to Field4610735607631400-3422655528945Yes00Yes1053465673735Unit or Zone Aviation Manager Review00Unit or Zone Aviation Manager Review5073659023350040030405078095Logistics/Flight Scheduling00Logistics/Flight Scheduling50698405303520002540212915500209867531489650017018003046095No00No3677285514731000782955514731000212026590233400366712590233500534225554292500-6045202386965Project TerminatesCOA/MOA ApplicationFAAApprovalProject TerminatesData Collection DesignRAO ApprovalForest Service ApprovalNoNoYesYesFOREST SERVICE/ FAAMOAYes00Project TerminatesCOA/MOA ApplicationFAAApprovalProject TerminatesData Collection DesignRAO ApprovalForest Service ApprovalNoNoYesYesFOREST SERVICE/ FAAMOAYes5814060236220Traditional Remote Sensing Project Planning00Traditional Remote Sensing Project Planning260032528575RAO Review00RAO Review-628650295910Project Aviation Safety PlanUnit or Zone Aviation Manager Approval Line Officer ApprovalSpectrum Approval, if neededProject Planning00Project Aviation Safety PlanUnit or Zone Aviation Manager Approval Line Officer ApprovalSpectrum Approval, if neededProject Planning UAS REQUEST DESK GUIDE SCENARIOSScenario #1A university calls the Unit Manager and proposes they conduct a UAS project using Forest Service grant money and the data will be used by the Forest Service. There is an agreement in place. They have a COA in place, they own their own UAS.FOREST SERVICE OUTCOME – This is permitted if supported by unit review of the existing Agreement referenced in this scenario to ensure it addresses the Forest Service/departmental requirements of a UAS mission and defines/declares that the University shall maintain operational control. A Special Use Permit in not required if an Agreement/MOU and COA exist.Scenario #2Someone wants to conduct a commercial film project over National Forest System Land that involves a UAS. The Forest Service has no involvement in the operation and does not need any share of the product.FOREST SERVICE OUTCOME – A Special Use Permit would be required in general. The UAS operator would submit their request through the permit administrator. The company would need to provide documentation that all FAA requirements are met before a film permit is issued. The film company utilizing UAS may operate under Part 107 after August 29, 2016 or continue to operate under pre-existing 333 Exemptions or COA’s established prior to August 29, 2016 up to their expiration date.Scenario #3A private individual contacts the Unit Manager with a request to operate a recreational/hobby/personal use UAS on National Forest System Land. FOREST SERVICE OUTCOME – This is permitted under recreational use or under Part 107 – see Recreational or Hobby sUAS use on page 8 of this guide. Direct the requestor to FAA Advisory Circular 91-57 and provide Forest Service UAS policy and requirements .Scenario #4A company, who has a contract with the Forest Service to conduct land reclamation on National Forest System Land, wants to use a recreational UAS to gather data on the site to accomplish the contract. FOREST SERVICE OUTCOME – The use of UAS by this contractor would need to be addressed in the contract for land reclamation as would any use of aircraft. The use of UAS would need to be reviewed and authorized by the Regional Aviation Officer.Scenario #5A Forest Service employee has a personally owned UAS which they want to use in their job. They do not want payment or reimbursement for the use of their UAS. FOREST SERVICE OUTCOME – This does not meet the definition of Recreational Purpose and therefore the operation cannot be conducted under FAA recreational UAS standards. Under current Forest Service policy, this operation is not authorized.Scenario #6A Forest Service employee needs to conduct an aerial inspection for Forest Service use. A Forest Service-owned UAS is available. FOREST SERVICE OUTCOME – Government owned, government operated is not currently available – use of cooperator aircraft with DOI could be considered.Scenario #7A Forest Service employee needs to conduct an aerial inspection for Forest Service use. A UAS is available from a government cooperator. FOREST SERVICE OUTCOME – An agreement needs to be in place to use the government cooperator’s aircraft and pilot. Proper planning and approvals internal to the Forest Service will be required prior to implementation. Scenario #8A Forest Service employee wants to set up a contract to gather data with a contractor owned and operated UAS. FOREST SERVICE OUTCOME – Once the UAS Aviation Business Case is finalized, the aircraft contracting process should be followed as provided in the Aviation Contracting Desk Reference document. Scenario #9A Forest Service employee wants to purchase (buy, possess, and hold title to) a UAS with Forest Service funds to use in conducting their job. FOREST SERVICE OUTCOME – Once the UAS Aviation Business Case is finalized, employees need to contact their Regional Aviation Officer to begin the discussion. A process for approving and purchasing UAS at the local levels has not been developed, but is expected before the ABC is finalized. Scenario #10A Forest Service employee has purchased (bought, possesses, and holds title to) a UAS with Forest Service funds to use in conducting their job. FOREST SERVICE OUTCOME – All UAS purchases must be approved by the Washington Office, Director of Fire and Aviation Management. Refer to Page 15, Acquisition of UAS. Return UAS immediately for a refund. If this is not possible, contact your Regional Aviation Officer (RAO/SAM) for procedures to sequester the UAS. Do NOT operate the UAS. Scenario #11An incident commander is approached by a UAS operator offering to use a UAS to gather fire information. The information may be useful in managing the fire.FOREST SERVICE OUTCOME – The IC should refer the offer to the NIAC IAFUASS (National Interagency Aviation Committee Interagency Aviation Fire UAS Subcommittee) via the Forest Service aviation manager. Scenario #12A regional aviation officer or Forest Service administrator ask a UAS vendor for a demonstration flight to show them what their UAS is capable of and what it can do.FOREST SERVICE OUTCOME - This is an administrative request and not a special use. No special use permits are required. We should, however ask ourselves if there is a need for the demo to occur on NFS lands and if we can justify giving one vendor an opportunity over another. Ensure the vendor meets all FAA requirements. If a UAS demonstration is a “trade show” or sales event for the public then a SUP would be required. If such a request is received, these types of events should be directed to non-NFS lands. Appendix BWashington Office ContactsJami Anzalone, Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Program Manager (Detail)jamianzalone@fs.fed.usWork (505) 346-3844 Cell (505) 362-7024Art Hinaman, Assistant Director Aviation awhinaman@fs.fed.usWork (202) 205-1505Cell (202) 697-1272Brad Quayle, Rapid Disturbance Assessment and Services (RDAS) Programbquayle@fs.fed.usWork (801) 975-3737Cell (801) 440-6945INTERAGENCY AVIATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE DIRECTORY Regional ContactsNorthern Rockies Region (R1):Maggie Doherty, Regional Aviation Officer, Deputy Director Fire Aviationmdoherty@fs.fed.usWork (406) 329-4903Cell (406) 370-3340Robert Roth, Regional Aviation Safety Managerbroth@fs.fed.usWork (406) 329-3235Cell (406) 370-3376Rocky Mountain Region (R2):Jim McMahill, Regional Aviation Officeramesmcmahill@fs.fed.usWork (303) 275-5740Cell (303) 886-2124Kent Hamilton, Regional Aviation Safety Manager (Acting)johnkhamilton@fs.fed.usWork (801) 349-0929Appendix BREGIONAL CONTACTSSouthwest Region (R3):Kris Damsguaard, Regional Aviation Officerkdamsgaard@fs.fed.usWork (505) 842-3359Cell (505) 503-0675Intermountain Region (R4):Samuel Ramsay, Regional Aviation Officersramsay@fs.fed.usWork (801) 620-1890Cell (801) 745-7867Andrew Kinsbury, Regional Aviation Safety Managerandrewjkingsbury@fs.fed.usWork (801) 620-1898Cell (808) 291-9305Pacific Southwest Region (R5):Jeff Power, Regional Aviation Officerjmpower@fs.fed.usWork (916) 640-1031Cell (916) 207-8623Yolanda Saldana, Regional Aviation Safety Managerysaldana@fs.fed.usWork (916) 640-1031Cell (530) 638-6378Appendix BREGIONAL CONTACTSPacific Northwest/Alaska Region (R6/10):Arron Schoolcraft, Regional Aviation Officer aschoolcraft@fs.fed.usWork (503) 808-2359Cell (202) 302-4518Gary Boyd, Regional Aviation Safety Managergboyd@fs.fed.usWork (541) 504-7263Cell (406) 370-9707Kurt Kleiner, BLM State Aviation Manager, WA & ORkkleiner@Work (503) 808-6593Cell (971) 338-3091John Kaikkonen, Assistant Division Managerjohn.kaikkonen@dnr.Fire Control & Aviation, Washington DNRWork (360) 902-1754Neal Laugle, State Aviation Unit ManagerNeal.D.Laugle@Oregon Department of ForestryWork (503) 945-7508 PNW Interagency Aviation Contact ListAppendix BREGIONAL CONTACTSSouthern Region (R8):Lynne Howard, Assistant Director Aviationlynnehoward@fs.fed.usWork (770) 237-0119Cell (678) 622-0489Jimmy Keyes, Regional Aviation Safety Manager??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? jameskeyes@fs.fed.us??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Work (404) 780-0590??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Cell (404) 780-0590Eastern Region (R9):Robert Madill, Regional Aviation Officerrmadill@fs.fed.usWork (414) 297-3744Cell (414) 207-2224Nick Hough, Regional Aviation Safety Managergeorgenhough@fs.fed.usWork (414) 297-3165Cell (414) 208-7570 Appendix CGENERALLY ACCEPTED UAS CLASSIFICATIONSClassification of UAS Platforms [?]Classification of UAS platforms for civil scientific uses has generally followed existing military descriptions of the platforms based upon characteristics such as size, flight endurance, and capabilities (Figure 1 and 2). The generally accepted class nomenclature in the civilian realm is as follows: MAV (Micro (or Miniature) or NAV (Nano) Air Vehicles) These are so called because of their size, which typically enables military versions of these aircraft to be transported within individual soldiers’ backpacks. These aircraft tend to operate at very low altitudes (<330 m), with size limitations on battery capacity leading to short flight times in the vicinity of ca. 5–30 min. VTOL (Vertical Take-Off & Landing) These aircraft require no takeoff or landing run, and are therefore typically chosen in situations where limitations of terrain require this specialized capability. Aircraft of this type operate at varying altitudes depending on their mission profile, but predominantly fly at low altitudes. High power requirements for hovering flight limit the flight durations for VTOLs, except in the largest sizes where increased lifting capabilities accommodate large fuel capacity. LASE (Low Altitude, Short-Endurance)These systems, also known as sUAS, small unmanned aircraft systems, also obviate the need for runways with aircraft optimized for easy field deployment/recovery and transport. The aircraft component of these systems typically weighs ca. 2–5 kg, with wingspans <3 m to enable launching from miniature catapult systems, or by hand. Compromises between weight and capability tend to reduce endurance and communication ranges to 1–2 h and within a few km of ground stations. APPENDIX CGENERALLY ACCEPTED UAS CLASSIFICATIONSLASE CloseThis category describes small UAS whose aircraft do require runways, but whose larger size and weight confer increased capabilities. These systems operate at up to ca. 1,500 m altitude and may remain aloft for multiple hours, although these limits have been substantially exceeded by specially-modified “record-breaker” aircraft. LALE (Low Altitude, Long Endurance) Typically at the upper end of the “sUAS” weight designation by the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA; see below), these UAS may carry payloads of several kg at altitudes of a few thousand meters for extended periods. MALE (Medium Altitude, Long Endurance)These aircraft are typically much larger than low-altitude classes of UAVs, operating at altitudes up to ca. 9,000 m on flights hundreds of km from their ground stations lasting many hours. HALE (High Altitude, Long Endurance)These are the largest and most complex of the UAS, with aircraft larger than many general-aviation manned aircraft. These UAVs may fly at altitudes of 20,000 m or more on missions that extend thousands of km. Some HALE aircraft have flight durations over 30 h, and have set records for altitude and flight duration.? Adam C. Watts, Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Remote Sensing and Scientific Research: Classification and Consideration of UseFigure 2. UAS PlatformsImage courtesy of the Forest ServiceFigure 3. UAV Nomenclature DesignationsImage courtesy of US Department of Homeland Security [?]? Polski, P. DHS View of Unmanned Aerial Needs. In Proceedings of AIAA 3rd Unmanned Unlimited Technical Conference, Chical, IL, USA 20-23 Sept. 2004 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download