Civil War – From Bull Run to Antietam



Civil War – From Bull Run to Antietam

After the Southern States seceded from the Union, the Confederates shifted their capital from Montgomery, Alabama to Richmond, Virginia. By July, some 35,000 northern volunteers were training in Washington, DC just 100 miles away from the Confederate Capital. Many Northerners believed the capturing of the Confederate capital would bring a quick end to the war.

The First battle of Bull Run

General Irvin McDowell Commander of the Union Troops in the North was not yet ready to fight but was still order to take the town of Manassas Virginia. For what reason was General McDowell not prepared to fight?

1.___________________________

The Union Army took 4 days to march to the 25 miles to Manassas. Why did it take the Union soldiers so long? 2._______________________________________

As the Union Army moved to Manassas they were easy for the Confederate General Beauregard to track. Why? 3._____________________________________________

In your opinion what does this say about how people viewed the Civil War, Explain. 4.____________________________________________________

Because of McDowell’s delays what did this allow General Beauregard to do? 5._________________________________

What is significant about the method General Beauregard used to mobilize his reinforcements? 6._______________________________________________

After hours of hard fighting, the Union appeared to be winning, The slow advance of the Union Forces pushed back the Confederate soldiers until what happened? 7._____________________________________________.

What nickname will General Thomas Jackson gain as a result? 8._________________________________________

As the afternoon wore on the Union Forces began to fall back. When a trainload of Confederate reinforcements arrived the Union retreat fell apart. What happened as the Union troops began running north for the safety of Washington DC? 9.______________________________________________________________________

10. How many Casualties did the Union forces take in comparison to the Confederate forces? _____________________________________________________________

Based on additional reading in the book, what were the Aims of the South? 10._________________________________________________________

Aims of the North? 11.____________________________________________________

Preparing for War

After the Battle of Bull Run both sides realized that winning the war would not be done easily. As a result Congress quickly authorized President Lincoln to do what? 11.______________________________________________________

What was the worry in the Confederacy? 12.______________________________________________________

Strengths and Weaknesses

What advantages did the North have over the South?

13.________________________________

Why is this important? 14._____________________________________

15.________________________________

Why is this important? 16._____________________________________

17.________________________________

18.________________________________

19.________________________________

20.________________________________

What Advantages did the South have over the North?

21.________________________________________

22.________________________________________

23._______________________________________

Military Strategies

Union Military Strategies

Who was the individual responsible for devising the Union war strategy? 24.____________________________________

The Union plan called for blockades of Southern Coastal ports as well as taking control of the Mississippi River. The plan was mocked by the Northern newspapers who referred to it as 25._______________________________________

Through this plan it was believed what could happen? 26._______________________________________________________

Confederate War Strategy

What was the South’s basic war plan? 27._______________________________________________

What did the South hope the Union would do?

28._______________________________________________

What did the Southern Strategy call for?

29._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Summarize the South’s Plan in terms of how they hoped to pressure England or France to coming to their aid.

30._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “If you two like fighting better than business, I shall deal at the other shop”

How did both parts of the South’s plan either go the other direction OR backfire?

31._____________________________________________________________________-_______________________________________________________________________

Tactics and Technology

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During the Civil War new technologies will show up on the battlefield. Despite these new technologies how had military tactics changed? 32.________________________________________________

How had rifles improved? 33. _____________________________________________

What was the advantage of these newer rifles? 34._________________________________________________

How had Artillery improved? 35._____________________________________________

What was the significant result of the Civil War in terms of emerging battlefield technologies and the tactics used by the military? 36.__________________________________________

War in the West

What southern states were involved in the “War in the West”? 37.________ ___________ ___________ _____________

Who commanded the Union forces in the West and where was his Army based at? 38._____________________________________________________________

Forts Henry and Donelson

In feburary of 1862 Grant advanced along the TN river with more than 15,000 troops and several Gunboats. Describe the Gunboats 39._ _____________________________

After Fort Henry and Ft. Donelson fell to Grant’s forces what major southern City fell shortly after to another Union Army? 39._____________________________________

The Battle of Shiloh

What was the significance of Corinth MS? 40.______________________________

Who was the Confederate General who opposed Grant at the Battle of Shiloh? 41._______________________

42. Summarize the battle of Shiloh, who won? _________________________________

How many casualties did the Union Army take as a result of the Battle of Shiloh? 43. ____________

How many casualties did the Confederate Army take as a result of the Battle of Shiloh? 44.___________

45. What idea was shattered as a result of the Battle of Shiloh? _____________________________

Action on the Mississippi

46. In what year did David Farragut force the surrender of New Orleans, Bat on Rouge, Louisiana, and Natchez Mississippi? ____________

47. On what date did the Union Army capture Memphis TN? ____________

48. By the end of 1862 what two areas along the Mississippi stood in the way of the Union Forces controlling the entire Mississippi valley? ____________________ __________________

War in the East

While the Union Army marched through the western Confederate states, Union warships maintained a blockade of Virginia’s coast.

49. In March 1862 what new weapon did the Confederates unleash on the Union blockade? ________________________________

50. Describe this new Weapon________________________________________

51. What is the names of the Confederate weapon as well as the Union version of this weapon? __________________ ________________________

52. What was the result of these two weapons? __________________________________

52. In the end what was the fate of both? ____________________________________________________

Peninsular Campaign

In March of 1862 Union General McClellan order his army out of the Potomac under orders of President Lincoln and moved them along the coast to a place south east of the Confederate capital of Virginia. A fight ensued, after a period of delay by McClellan, at Seven Pines.

53. What was the outcome of the battle of Seven Pines?___________________________

54. What was in McClellan’s nature that prevented him from being able to land a decisive victory?______________________________________________

The South Attacks

After the battle of Seven Pines McClellan’s forces still threatened Richmond, VA. During this time Robert E. Lee decided to split his forces and send half of them north with Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson.

55. What was the purpose of sending Jackson’s forces north? _______________________________________________________________________

56. What did President Lincoln do as a result of Jackson’s action?__________________________________________________________________

57. What was the end result of Lee’s plan? (Be Specific)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Second Battle of Bull Run

Now that McClellan had failed to take Richmond, VA President Lincoln asked Union General John Pope to take control of McClellan’s Army and move on Washington.

58. What did lee know he had to do with General Pope’s army?________________________________________________________________

The resulting battle known as “The Second Battle of Bull Run” was fought in nearly the exactly location as the first.

59. What was the end result of the 2nd Battle of Bull Run? _____________________________________________________________

The Battle of Antietam

After the defeat of Pope’s Army and with Richmond VA no longer threatened what did General Lee decide to do? 60. ______________________________________________

61. Why did General Lee feel this was the best course of action? _______________________________________________________________________

62. As a result of this decision to what region did General Lee send his troops?________________________________________________________

63. What the immediate result of Lee’s decision and actions? _______________________________________________________________

64. What was the end result of the battle of Antietam? _________________________________________________________________

65. What is significant of the battle of Antietam? (Give Specifics)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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