Revelation 14
“Seven Angels”
Chapter 14
Revelation
By: Michael Fronczak
Bible Study Resource Center
564 Schaeffer Drive
Coldwater, Michigan 49036
mikefronczak@
Copyright © 2005, 2008
Revelation 14
McGee Introduction: This chapter contains several events. It is an interlude in which we see the Lamb on Mount Zion, hear the proclamation of the everlasting gospel, the pronouncement of judgment upon Babylon and on those who receive the mark of the Beast, then the praise for those who die in the Lord, and the preview of Armageddon.
The chapter before us constitutes an hiatus in the series of seven performers. It is obvious that this interlude could not be fitted in between the sixth and seventh performers who are the two wild Beasts. Of course, they had to be considered together, as they are like Siamese twins, and the continuity between them could not be broken. Therefore, this interlude follows the seventh performer in recognition of the logical sequence of this book, which is not a hodgepodge of visions but unfolds in a logical, chronological, and mathematical order.
There are certain performers called to our attention in this chapter (others beside the seven whom we have seen previously) in order to give us a full-orbed view of the spectacular events of the previous two chapters. As we have seen, this is the darkest day and the most horrible hour in the history of the world. It is truly hell’s holiday. Every thoughtful mind must inevitably ask the question, “How did God’s people fare during this period? Could they remain faithful to the Lord through to the end with the overwhelming odds against them?” The answer is found in this chapter before us.
The Shepherd who began with 144,000 sheep is now identified with them as the Lamb. And notice that He doesn’t have 143,999 sheep; He has 144,000 sheep—He did not lose one! He redeemed them, He sealed them, and He kept them, for He is the Great Shepherd of the sheep. These sheep are of a different fold from the one we are in today, and the Good Shepherd brought them through the Great Tribulation. That is the picture before us as we open this chapter. It is encouraging to know that the Lamb—not the two Beasts—is going to have the last word. And He is not a lamb that speaks like a dragon; He is the Lord Jesus Himself. And since He is going to have the final word, Babylon will fall—the great political capital, the great commercial capital, and the great religious capital of the world during the Great Tribulation Period. And the followers of the Beast will be judged.
Although many of Christ’s own will become martyrs during the Tribulation, they will not lose; they will win! Again I say with Calvin that I would rather be on the side that seems to be losing today but will win finally than to be on the side that seems to be winning today but is going to lose eternally. I’m glad to be on the winning side. Christ will reward those who will be martyred for Him.
In chapter 19 we will see the Lamb returning to the earth. The morning is coming. The darkness will fade away, and the Sun of Righteousness will arise with healing in His wings.[1]
So far we have seen certain groups of people in Revelation challenge God for not being firm enough in dealing with the injustices of humankind (6:9-11), and we’ve seen other groups repeatedly act in defiance of what they know to be God’s wishes (9:20-21). We’ve also seen from John’s behind-the-scenes heavenly perspective that God appears to be on a timetable people know little about. He is aware of, but not at the mercy of, both the accusations of being too soft on crime and the assumptions that he is unwilling to step in and reprimand blatant rebellion.
But we are nearing the time in the Book of Revelation when, in spite of all of God’s love, patience, grace, and mercy, he is at last going to take action on those who refuse to acknowledge him. This is no longer merely a disciplinary action, because we are told that God disciplines people he loves for their own good and spiritual growth (Heb 12:4-11). We have seen that the heavenly Father ensures that each of his “children” is provided for. Some receive “seals” and appear to be immune to harm; others are persecuted and/or put to death, yet are richly rewarded in the afterlife. But those who have nothing to do with God are about to discover his wrath – the worst that can happen when they don’t do anything to reel in their inappropriate behavior and attitudes.
This chapter forms the last section of the third interlude of the Book. Again we should note that this material is not chronological in that it does not take up the next events of the Tribulation. Rather it gives us a preview of some of the key events that lie ahead in that period of unprecedented trial. In fact, John now answers two vital questions:
1. What will become of those who refuse to receive the mark of the beast and are killed (vs. 1-5)?
2. What will happen to the beast and his servants (vs. 6-20)?
So chapter 14 prepares the way for the climatic events, which will follow from chapter 15 on. This chapter gives us both a backward glance to the beginning of the Tribulation and a forward glance to its end and the glorious reign of the Lord Jesus Christ with His saints.
Seven Key Events: A “Table of Contents” to the rest of the book; a preview of “coming attractions.” While the Antichrist is setting himself up as a god in Jerusalem and seeking worship, it seems the Bible cannot wait to let us know that the kingdom and glory of the beast is as nothing when compared with that of the Lamb who will stand on Mount Zion. Some commentators fail to see that this is anticipation that John’s writing is jumping back and forth in time as the Old Testament so often does. Rev. 14 is a parenthetical passage of the book. It contains 7 parenthetical statements:
1. The 144,000 in heaven (Rev. 14:1-5)
2. The 1st messenger angel: the everlasting gospel preached to all nations (Rev. 14:6-7)
3. The 2nd messenger angel: the announcement of the fall of Babylon (Rev. 14:8)
4. The 3rd messenger angel: the announcement of the doom of beast worshipers (Rev. 14:9-11)
5. The blessed dead (Rev. 14:13)
6. Harvest: Armageddon (Rev. 14:14-20)
7. Vintage: Armageddon (Rev. 14:17-20)
Spanish proverb: “Dios tarda pero no olvida”
God delays but doesn’t forget
Van Impe: Chapter 14 deals with the seven visions, each complete in itself. They are not presented in a chronological sequence of events but rather panoramically with details following later. Let me illustrate this point. The pronouncement of doom upon Babylon, for instance, is uttered in verse 8. However, the details are presented in chapter 16, verses 17-21. With this point in mind, let's investigate.[2]
Revelation 14:1
And I looked, and, lo, a Lamb stood on the mount Sion, and with him an hundred forty and four thousand, having his Father’s name written in their foreheads.
Chuck Smith: Now back in chapter seven, we remember that these one hundred and forty-four thousand were sealed of God in their foreheads. And the angel was commanded not to hurt the earth until those could be sealed. And he saw them being sealed in their foreheads, the one hundred and forty-four thousand. That is twelve thousand from each of the tribes. So, there is no reason at all not to believe that these one hundred and forty-four thousand are the same group that we saw back in chapter seven sealed in their foreheads. Now here we are told what the seal is. The seal is the name of the Father written in their foreheads.
Missler: Not 143,999: none are missing! “I have lost none.” The Shepherd who began with 144,000 sheep is now identified with them as the Lamb. And notice that He doesn’t have 143,999 sheep; He has 144,000 sheep—He did not lose one! He redeemed them, He sealed them, and He kept them, for He is the Great Shepherd of the sheep. They have come through the Tribulation miraculously, just like the three Hebrews in Daniel 3—by the way, where was Daniel?
(John 10:27-29) 27My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me: 28And I give unto them eternal life; and they shall never perish, neither shall any man pluck them out of my hand. 29My Father, which gave them me, is greater than all; and no man is able to pluck them out of my Father’s hand.
(John 17:12) While I was with them in the world, I kept them in thy name: those that thou gavest me I have kept, and none of them is lost, but the son of perdition; that the scripture might be fulfilled.
Who preserves (even us) today? Jesus Christ. Not methods or programs: the person. When was the last time you told Him you loved Him?
Note: They are standing, with Him, on Mt. Zion. We think of heaven as remote. It could be another dimension of present existence—not necessarily removed from ours.
“standing on Mount Zion” There have been numerous theories identifying this phrase: (1) that it stands for Mt. Moriah and the literal Temple area in Jerusalem (cf. Isa. 24:23; Joel 2:32); (2) that it stands for heavenly Jerusalem (cf. Heb. 11:10, 16; 12:22–23; 13:14; Gal. 4:26); (3) that it is an apocalyptic symbol found in the non-canonical book of II Esdras 2:42–47; 13:35, 39–40; (4) that it refers to the OT passage which speaks of the end-time gathering of the people of God (cf. Ps. 48; Isa. 24:23; Joel 2:32; Micah 4:1, 7; Obadiah 17, 21); or (5) that the background, like several other passages in this section, is Ps. 2, particularly v. 6. Remember that some commentators relate each of these visions to the OT passages or Palestinian places, some to intertestamental apocalyptic literature, and others to first century Greco-Roman history. For me these visions of Jewish things beginning with chapter 6 on, are allusions to the NT people of God, the saints, the church. In this particular case, it is an allusion to the heavenly temple (cf. Heb. 8:2; 9:11, 24).[3]
A study of Zion:
Ps 2:6 “Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion.” Father’s intention to place Jesus upon the throne of David, not the Palestinians, in Jerusalem; specifically, on Mt. Zion.
30 Psalms of Zion; samples below:
Ps 20 Deliverance (of 144,000?);
48 Kings of earth gathered (woman in travail);
74 “Purchased” singers;
76 Cutting off kings of earth (double images?);
102 “Set time” is come;
110 Melchizedek; rod of strength to rule; at right hand;
132 13, 14, 17, 18 The Lord has chosen Zion;
133 Israel united (Hermon, N + Zion, S) oil = priests;
137 Babylon to be destroyed (14:8) as Lamb appears;
146 Trust not in princes; son of man;
149 Vengeance upon nations.
Summarized: Isa 2:2-4 = Micah 4:1-4.
Both names: Father + Son (Jn 14:23, “we”).
[And I looked] “And I looked, and behold” is a phrase found seven times (4:1; 6:2, 5; 7:9; 14:1, 14) and each time it turns our attention to another important element in the vision given to John. Here it is the vision of the Lamb standing on Mount Zion accompanied by the 144,000. As previously, the word “behold” is designed to arrest our attention to the remarkable things in this scene.
[mount Sion] This Mt. Sion may be the heavenly one:
1. This scene is heavenly (Rev. 14:1-5) or another dimension.
2. The man-child or the 144,000 will have been taken to heaven (Rev. 12:5)
3. Earthly Mt. Zion is not mentioned in Revelation
4. The Lamb is never pictured on earth in Revelation (note, ♣ Rev. 5:6)
5. All raptured people go to the heavenly Mt. Sion (Hebrews 11:10,13-16; John 14:1-3; Rev. 21-22)
6. That there is an heavenly Mt. Sion is clear from Romans 11:26; Hebrews 12:22-23
7. Christ will come out of Sion to earth at His second coming (Romans 11:26)
[Zion] only mention in Rev; captured from Jebusites by David (2 Sam 5). The city Jerusalem. This year: 3,000th anniversary. Zech 12: “A cup of trembling;... a burdensome stone...” (Even now, Satan’s focus!) Even Islam ignored it; until Israel regained it.
“Mount Zion” Five of the seven references to Mt. Zion in the N.T. quote O.T. passages. There Mt. Zion is a poetic name for Jerusalem as the site of Israel’s temple. There too Mt. Zion is the location to which the Messiah will gather the redeemed (cf. Ps. 48:1; Isa. 24:23; Joel 2:32; Obadiah. 17; Micah 4:1, 7; Zech. 14:10). Jewish apocalyptic writings also placed the Messiah on Mt. Zion. The imagery seems to stress Christ calling His own to Him where He can protect and bless them.
There is disagreement whether this Mt. Zion is a heavenly landmark (see Heb. 11:10; 12:22-23), or the literal Mt. Zion on earth. Some prefer to think of this as the earthly scene, a picture of the coming kingdom. For one thing, John hears “a voice from heaven” in v. 2, which may suggest to some that he is on earth.
Walvoord : “J.B. Smith joins with Bengel and Hengstenberg in interpreting Mount Zion as the figurative expression referring to heaven, finding a similar usage in Heb 12:22. Smith holds that the expression “mount Sion” always refers to the heavenly Jerusalem whereas “Sion” without “mount” always refers to the earthly city.[4]
To interpret this as a heavenly city, however, involves numerous problems, which Smith and others do not take into consideration. If this group is the same as the 144,000 of chapter 7, they are specifically said to be sealed and kept safely through the tribulation. In this case, they move on into the millennial earth without going to the third heaven, since this is the meaning of the seal (cf. 7:3). Further, the argument that the 144,000 must be in heaven as they hear the song before the throne may be disputed. There is no statement to the effect that they hear the song, only the declaration that they alone can learn it.
The reasons for making Mount Zion a heavenly city in this passage are therefore lacking a sure foundation. Preferable is the view that this is a prophetic vision of the ultimate triumph of the Lamb following His second coming, when He joins the 144,000 on Mount Zion at the beginning of His millennial reign.”
This is one of three “raptures” that happen in Revelation:
1. The Rapture of the Church (Revelation 4:1-2)
2. The Rapture of the two witnesses (Revelation 11)
3. The Rapture of the 144,000 Jews from the 12 tribes (Revelation 14:1-2)
Note: that these Jews are called the “firstfruits unto God and to the Lamb! (14:4. God is married to Israel, as Christ is married to the church. The Tribulation is to work out God’s purpose for the Hebrew people. The 144,000 are God’s first fruits.
Van Impe: The Lamb, as we already know, is the Lord Jesus Christ. John the Baptist called him by this name as he saw the Lord walking upon earth saying, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh sway the sin of the world (John 1:29). Also, John sees the Tribulation saints overcoming Satan by the blood of the Lamb (Revelation 12:11). This same Lamb and His bride are the honored participants at a marriage feast conducted in chapter 19, verse 7 which states: Let us be glad and rejoice, and give honour to him: for the marriage of the Lamb is come, and his wife hath made herself ready. The wedding occurs in heaven but the feast probably takes place on earth as the Lamb returns to Mount Sion (or Zion) for His millennial reign as King of kings and Lord of lords. This would fulfill scores of Old Testament prophecies.
Did you know that Zion, or Jerusalem, is the place God seems to love most? Today's anti-Zionists should take heed. They are opposing the Almighty himself as they rebel against His city and His people because-I repeat-Jerusalem is closest to God's heart. For the Lord hath chosen Zion; he hath desired it for his habitation. This is my rest for ever: here will I dwell, for I have desired it (Psalm 132:13,14). While the first verse of chapter 14 is the only place where Zion is mentioned in the Book of Revelation, it nevertheless authenticates an unlimited number of Old Testament passages that point to Jerusalem as the headquarters of Christ's earthly kingdom. Seemingly, God is saying through this text, "I know that millions are following the Antichrist. I see that the false prophet is scoring many victories as he, through lying wonders and deceits, turns the hearts of multitudes to the super-deceivers. However, 666 is the number of man. It is the number of incompleteness. It will soon end." Why? I have set my king upon my holy hill of Zion [or Jerusalem] (Psalm 2:6). God adds, "Though horrendous judgments are about to fall, look up! Your redemption draws nigh. My son, the Lamb, is about to come forth and take His proper position on earth as King of kings and Lord of lords. He shall soon arrive at Jerusalem."
The Prophet Zechariah also stated this same truth: His feet shall stand in that day upon the mount of Olives, which is before Jerusalem on the east, and the mount of Olives shall cleave in the midst thereof toward the east and toward the west, and there shall be a very great valley; and half of the mountain shall remove toward the north, and half of it toward the south (Zechariah 14:4). Additional verses depict the establishment of Christ's earthly kingdom: Beautiful for situation, the joy of the whole earth, is mount Zion...the city of the great King (Psalm 48:2). In Salem also is his tabernacle, and his dwelling place in Zion [or Jerusalem] (Psalm 76:2). Thou shalt arise, and have mercy upon Zion [or Jerusalem] (Psalm 102:13). Psalm 110:2 pictures His reign and states:
The Lord shall send the rod of thy strength out of Zion: rule thou in the midst of thine enemies. Again, The Lord shall reign for ever, even thy God, 0 Zion, unto all generations. Praise ye the Lord (Psalm 146:10). As He reigns, the people are pleased and cry, Let Israel rejoice in him that made him: let the children of Zion be joyful in their King (Psalm 149:2).
Isaiah the prophet predicted this time of peace. He said, Out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem. And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more (Isaiah 2:3,4).
Jesus Christ is coming soon to sit upon David's throne. How do I know this momentous event is about to occur? Because Jerusalem, where He will reign-captured by the Jews in 1967-became the eternal, undivided capital of Israel on July 31, 1980. And this is only the beginning. Soon Jerusalem will become the capital of the entire world-upon the arrival of the King of kings and Lord of lords, the Lord Jesus Christ. The way has been prepared in our day. Let's triumphantly shout the news, "The King is coming! Amen! The King is coming!" First, however, He must return for the Church (all Christians) so that we can return with Him (chapter 19, verse 14). Thus, the Rapture cannot be delayed much longer. Since we return with Him, and it is visibly manifest that we must return together soon, then the fact is clear that our remaining time upon earth is extremely limited.
At this point in our text, that time has come! How glorious is the hour of the Lord's return to Jerusalem-the capital of the world-with His people. Part of His entourage is composed of the 144,000 Jews mentioned in chapter 7. They have the Lamb's Father's name written (or inscribed) in their foreheads. This is a result of the sealing mentioned in chapter 7, verses 3 and 4.[5]
McGee: “I saw” indicates that John is still the spectator to these events. The reel continues to roll, and the story continues to unfold.
The “Lamb” is the Lord Jesus Christ, as we have seen in chapters 5–7 and 12–13.
“Mount Sion” is at Jerusalem. There is no use trying to locate this at any other place than at Jerusalem in the land of Israel.
This verse pictures a placid, pastoral scene which opens the millennial kingdom here upon this earth. The Lord Jesus is going to reign from Jerusalem. God Himself called it the city of the great King. And in Psalm 2:6 He says this: “Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion.” It is the Father’s intention to place the Lord Jesus upon the throne of David in Jerusalem, and specifically at Mount Sion.
“An hundred forty and four thousand” I believe to be the ones who were sealed back in chapter 7, although I recognize that there are some problems connected with this view. They came through the Great Tribulation like the three Hebrew children came through the fiery furnace.
Notice that the Lamb is standing with them on Mount Sion. Although He is in His person the Lamb, He is also the Shepherd. Remember that He started out with 144,000 and that He came through the Great Tribulation with 144,000. He didn’t lose one.
My friend, in our day when the pressures of Satan bear us down, the living, victorious Christ is available to us. Oh, that you and I might come to know Him better and that He might occupy a greater place in our lives day by day. I am convinced in my own experience that the Lord Jesus Christ in person is the answer. When I see plaques with the motto: “Jesus is the Answer,” I always say that it depends on what the question is. But certainly He is the answer to problems for which men are trying to work out solutions by some little method. They will tell you that if you follow their little legal system, you can solve the problems of your personal life, your home, your work, and your church. I doubt that there ever was a day in which there was so much teaching in all of these areas, and yet there is less victorious living in the daily experience of believers. What is the real problem today? We don’t need a method; we need Christ. We need to know Him in a meaningful way. We need to draw closer to Him. By the way, when was the last time that you told Him that you loved Him? He has said that He loves you, and you ought to tell Him that in return.[6]
JNTC: The slain Lamb (5:6&N) is seen on Mount Tziyon (Mount Zion), the highest point in Jerusalem. In 4 Ezra the seer is told that he
“whom the Most High is keeping many ages and through whom he will deliver his creation [i.e., the Messiah] will stand on the summit of Mount Zion. Yes, Zion shall come and be seen by everyone, prepared and built, just as you saw the mountain cut out without hands. But he, my Son, will reprove the nations who have come for their ungodliness.” (4 Ezra 13:26, 36–37).
Here “Zion” refers to the heavenly Jerusalem; see MJ 12:22&N.
The 144,000 are the Messianic Jews of 7:4&N. Their foreheads are “sealed” (7:2–3&N, 9:4) with both the Lamb’s name and his Father’s name (contrast 13:16–17). One of the two t˒fillin is worn on the forehead and contains the Father’s name, YHVH (see 13:16–17a); it symbolizes complete devotion and open profession. These 144,000 will be equally open and devoted about proclaiming the name of the Lamb, Yeshua.[7]
Revelation 14:2
And I heard a voice from heaven, as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of a great thunder: and I heard the voice of harpers harping with their harps:
Voice description is similar to the voice of Jesus in other scriptures. (Rev 1:15)
Identity label?
(Rev 1:15) And his feet like unto fine brass, as if they burned in a furnace; and his voice as the sound of many waters.
Van Impe: What a majestic sound fills the heavens and the earth as the heavenly chorus, with the voice of many waters (an unusual amount of octaves), crescendos into thunder-like proportions. The multitudinous choir is accompanied by harps-a symbol of joy. This joy has to do with Christ's redemption.[8]
Revelation 14:3
And they sung as it were a new song before the throne, and before the four beasts, and the elders: and no man could learn that song but the hundred and forty and four thousand, which were redeemed from the earth.
[And they sung as it were a new song before the throne] These sing a new song that others cannot share (cf. Ps 3:3; 40:3; 96:1; 98:1; 144:9; 149:1). And also Ps 107:1-2: only the redeemed can truly sing praises to Him.
We are not in this group, but we also have been redeemed out of the earth and this world system (Jn 17:14-19; Phil 3:17-21).
[song] The only song where the words or the theme is not given. A new song by a new people of a new theme.
[were redeemed from the earth] By this time they were redeemed from the earth, being no longer on earth.
The 144,000 first pictured in chapter 7 are now presented in heaven in the presence of the elders and the four living creatures. They are redeemed from the earth but are distinct from the 24 redeemed elders. They are the firstfruits of the new era which began with the translation of the church.
Next we read that the 144,000 “had been purchased from the earth.” “Purchased” is the Greek agorazo„ which means “to buy, purchase.” It was used of purchasing slaves in the agora or market place. Believers are those who have been purchased from the slave market of sin by the death of Christ. Note these four things regarding our redemption in Christ:
(1) The Agent of redemption is the Lord Jesus Christ (Eph. 1:7; Col. 1:14; Rom. 3:24).
(2) The purchase price is the death of Christ (1 Pet. 1:18-19).
(3) The object of redemption is man’s sin (Eph. 1:7; Col. 1:14).
(4) The result of redemption is forgiveness and freedom but also bond service to Christ (Eph. 1:7; Col. 1:14; 1 Cor. 6:19; Gal. 3:13).
Chuck Smith: Now, they are there and they are singing an exclusive song. They have an exclusive relationship with the Lord. They were sealed and they were preserved during a portion of the great tribulation period. And so they have that special relationship with God and they can sing of that special relationship.
In the same token we the church have a special relationship and we have our own song that no one can sing, except the church. Our song is the song of redemption through the blood of Jesus Christ, and we find it back in chapter five. And they sang a new song saying, "Worthy is the Lamb to take the scroll and loose the seals, for he was slain, and has redeemed us by his blood out of all the nations, tongues, tribes and people, and has made us unto our God kings and priests and we shall reign with him upon the earth"(Rev 5:13). That is a song exclusive for the church. The one hundred and forty-four thousand cannot sing that song. They have got their own.
We find the martyred saints have their own song in chapter seven. The poor angels are left out of all of these songs. They can only join the chorus. "Worthy is the Lamb to receive glory, and honor, and power, and dominion, and authority and might and all". They can join the chorus, but they can't sing the verse. That is ours, the worthiness of the Lamb who has redeemed us by his blood. It is a song of redemption belonging to the church.
Now, these have their own songs. We can't join in, but we can listen as they declare the greatness of God and the preservation during the time of great tribulation.
Van Impe: The new song of these redeemed Jews is undoubtedly similar to the song of the saints presented in chapter 5, verse 9: And they [sang] a new song, saying, Thou art worthy to take the book, and to open the seals thereof for thou wast slain, and hast redeemed us to God by thy blood out of every kindred, and tongue, and people, and nation. Still, the song of the 144,000 differs somewhat in that it is exclusively their own. The point is that the redeemed in every dispensation have something about which they can sing-the joy of the Lord. The purity, holiness, and sanctification of this group are described in the next verse.[9]
McGee: “I heard.” John is not only a spectator but is also an auditor to this scene.
The 144,000 join the heavenly chorus in the Millennium. My friend, have you ever heard a choir of 144,000 voices? Well, up to this time earth has been out of tune with heaven, but here the rule of Satan is over, and the earth and heaven are in tune. What Browning said about God’s being in His heaven and all’s right with the world is going to be true when we get to the Millennium. All’s wrong with the world right now, but in that day all will be right. The 144,000 learn the new song and join the harmony of heaven.
“I heard the voice of harpers harping with their harps.” God has put His harpers in heaven while the 144,000 are on earth, on Mount Sion (that is a long way from the instruments). Having been a pastor for many years, I have heard many harpers—harping about this or that, but these are a different kind of harper. The harpers I have listened to were not musical, I can assure you. But these heavenly harpers are going to make beautiful music.
“The hundred and forty and four thousand, which were redeemed from the earth” means that they have been purchased to enter the Millennium on earth. They are not taken to heaven. Remember that this is a picture of the Millennium on earth, and these will live on the earth. The unsaved are not going to live on the earth.
“And no man could learn that song but the hundred and forty and four thousand, which were redeemed from the earth.” No one can sing praises to God but the redeemed. I wish that truth could be gotten over to a great many song leaders in this day in which we live. I understand their desire to hear everybody in the congregation sing, but when they have a mixed audience of saved and unsaved people, they should not ask the unsaved to sing the songs of redemption. Don’t ask them to sing:
Amazing grace! how sweet the sound,
That saved a wretch like me!
I once was lost, but now am found,
Was blind, but now I see.
“Amazing Grace”
—John Newton
If an unsaved person sings that, you have made him a liar. Just let the redeemed sing. The psalmist wrote: “O give thanks unto the Lord, for he is good: for his mercy endureth for ever. Let the redeemed of the Lord say so, whom he hath redeemed from the hand of the enemy” (Ps. 107:1–2). My friend, no one but the redeemed are going to say God is good. This is the reason we need a say-so Christianity in our day. We need to say that God is good.
But in this millennial scene, heaven and earth are brought into marvelous harmony. What a contrast this is to chapter 13 where earth is in rebellion against heaven under the Beasts. Here all is tranquility under the Lamb.[10]
Revelation 14:4
These are they which were not defiled with women; for they are virgins. These are they which follow the Lamb whithersoever he goeth. These were redeemed from among men, being the firstfruits unto God and to the Lamb.
McGee: Is this literal or figurative? If this statement were taken literally, it would prove that they are all men. But if the next statement were taken literally, it would prove that they are all women—virgins. Obviously, the idea is to picture their purity of character. They are saved men and women who have not polluted themselves with the idolatrous and immoral religious system of the great whore of Rev. 17. See Paul's similar comparison, 2 Cor. 11:2. It can have a literal or spiritual meaning, and I think it includes both. They kept themselves for the Lord alone. Jeremiah, on the threshold of the Babylonian captivity, was forbidden to marry (Jer 16:1-4); also note Jesus’ warning in Mt 24:19. These are appointed for special duty, a special assignment.
McGee: Therefore, the comment, these are they which were not defiled with women for they are virgins, is probably referring to chastity in both the literal sense and the spiritual sense. And this makes good sense, by the way.
Tim LaHaye: The Bible does not teach celibacy; in fact, no hint of it is found in scripture. The Bible everywhere advocates that Christians be holy and virtuous, undefiled by the world. Misuse of sex has always been one of man’s greatest problems; infidelity and immorality one of man’s greatest temptations.
[not defiled] However, idolatry was labeled as (spiritual) fornication (Ezek 16).
Church: chaste virgin to Christ (Eph 5:26, 27); chaste (vs. Jezebel) in 2 Cor 11:2.
The word “defiled” speaks of something impure, polluted, filthy; so it can hardly have anything to do with marriage, for the Bible makes it clear that “marriage is honorable in all, and the bed undefiled” (Hebrews 13:4).
That the virginity of the 144,000 is of a spiritual, moral nature is supported by John’s further description of them as having “no guile” (being without any of the deception so characteristic of the devil). The description accorded to them, “virgins,” probably means that these had abstained from the pollutions of earth, and not necessarily that they had never married.
During the Tribulation there will exist a great apostate church, or religious Babylon, the mother of all harlotries and the great harlot of the Tribulation. This will be followed by the apostate and idolatrous worship of the beast (cf. Rev. 17-18:24; 13:1ff). But these 144,000 escape all spiritual defilement with these religious systems of the Tribulation. They remain pure, i.e., spiritual virgins. One might compare also a similar use of virgins in the parable of the ten virgins in Matthew 25:1-13. In both passages we have references to men and women. The emphasis is not on sex but on spiritual purity. It is for this reason the NASV translates the word parthenos as “chaste.”
[firstfruits] the very finest, from an expected harvest (cf. Rom 11:15-16). Israel will enjoy a unique role in the Millennial Kingdom. These may well be the “brethren” in Matthew 25.
They cannot be the firstfruits of all the saints; for the Elders and the Living ones are glorified, and have received their golden crowns, before these 144,000 have been sealed on earth. They must therefore be the first fruits another calling and order, after the present period of the Church, has run its course.
[which follow the Lamb whithersoever he goeth] They are resurrected and glorified like Christ and can go where He can. It could not mean that they are inseparable throughout eternity.
Van Impe: Some commentators, particularly priests in the Middle Ages, stated that this honor was reserved for them because they had refrained from sexual intercourse. Such an explanation, however, is impossible in the light of the sanctity of marriage, for marriage is honourable in all, and the bed undefiled (Hebrews 13:4). That is why, whoso findeth a wife findeth a good thing, and obtaineth favour of the Lord (Proverbs 18:22). The meaning, then, has to do with the undefiled walk of the redeemed Jews as stated in the next part of the verse: These are they which follow the Lamb whithersoever he goeth. They are free from spiritual fornication as described in James 4:4 which states: Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? whosoever therefore will be a friend of the world is the enemy of God.
Idolatry, the ultimate form of spiritual adultery, is the sin of the hour during the Tribulation period, as we have already observed in chapters 9 and 13. Yet, even during such a time as this, there are multitudes who remain true to the Lord. I dogmatically believe that the "undefiled" of verse 4 are those who have kept themselves unspotted from the world. This truth is also pictured in 2 Corinthians 11:2 concerning the Church, the bride of Christ: God says, I am jealous over you with godly jealousy: for I have espoused you to one husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ. Both Christ and His Father want pure sweethearts.
The Jewish virgins in our text are most likely those referenced in Matthew 25:1-13 (the parable of the wise and foolish virgins). In all dispensations, God wants His people to be separate from the world, the flesh, and the devil. Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers: for what fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? and what communion hath light with darkness? And what concord hath Christ with Belial? or what part hath he that believeth with an infidel? And what agreement hath the temple of God with idols? For ye are the temple of the living God; as God hath said, I will dwell in them, and walk in them; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. Wherefore come out from among them, and be ye separate, saith the Lord, and touch not the unclean thing; and l will receive you, And will be a Father unto you, and ye shall be my sons and daughters, saith the Lord Almighty (2 Corinthians 6:14-18).
These untainted Jews who walked the pathway of holiness are the firstfruits of the Tribulation period. The harvest is to follow as millions more turn to Messiah. And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob: For this is my covenant unto them, when I shall take away their sins (Roman s 11:26,27).
Another attribute of the 144,000 Jews is mentioned in the next verse.[11]
JNTC: The ones who have not defiled themselves with women, for they are virgins. These are not male celibates, despite the explicit mention of women. Rather, they are people of both sexes who are faithful to God and his Son, as the rest of vv. 4–5 makes clear. Fornication is a common biblical metaphor for idolatry—for several examples from the Tanakh see Ezekiel 16, 23 and Hosea 1–5. Here in the book of Revelation, misdirected worship is explicitly called whoring at v. 8 below, as well as at 17:2, 4; 18:3, 9; 19:2.
On celibacy itself, R. H. Charles writes, “The superiority of the celibate life, though un-Jewish and un-Christian, was early adopted from the Gnostics and other Christian heretics,” such as Marcion, the religions of Isis and Mithra and the Vestal Virgins in Rome (Revelation, Volume 2, p. 9). For more concerning this subject see 1C 7:1–9&NN.[12]
(IVP Background Commentary) The Greek term translated “virgin” here is hardly ever applied to men in Greek literature—probably partly because men in ancient Greek culture rarely were—but it means never having had sex with someone of the opposite gender, and hence includes not being married. In a literal sense, this virginity was practiced most often among a Jewish group known as the Essenes. But the image here may here allude symbolically to the purity of priests for the temple service (Lev 15:16–18) or, less likely, to the purity required by the rules of a spiritual holy war (Deut 23:9–11). “Following” the lamb is John’s idiom for the role of sheep (Rev 7:17; cf. Jn 10:4). “First fruits” were the beginning of harvest, offered up to God; the term declares their holiness (Jer 2:3) and perhaps that others like them would come after them.[13]
Revelation 14:5
And in their mouth was found no guile: for they are without fault before the throne of God.
They were not taken by “The Lie” (2 Thess 2:11). “Without blemish” since they are clothed with the righteousness of the Lamb.
These are controversial verses. Some say the 144,000 will be celibate, while others claim they will either not break their marriage vows, or will remain unmarried. Still others believe they will not commit spiritual fornication by worshiping idols and teaching false doctrines. It is difficult to say who is right, but wee can be sure of some things: 1) during the Tribulation Period, it will be difficult for these men to be married and be god husbands and fathers, and 2) they will remain pure in spite of living in a world filled with immorality and spiritual fornication.
Van Impe: God hates the sin of lying. In fact, the Bible lists lying as one of the sins that will keep a man out of heaven (see Revelation 22:15). The Tribulation hour, under the Antichrist, produces a world inundated with deceit. The Antichrist works lying wonders (2 Thessalonians 2:9), and multitudes believe a lie (2 Thessalonians 2:11). Even during this age of fraud, however, the redeemed Jews do not follow Satan, who is a liar, and the father of [lies] (John 8:44). Oh, that there were more believers who never used deceit, who never passed rumors (usually exaggerated lies), and who refused to listen to the lies that Satan, the accuser of [the] brethren, hatches! God wants holy people in every dispensation of time. Let's be like Jesus who did no sin, neither was guile found in his mouth (1 Peter 2:22).[14]
McGee: “Were not defiled with women; for they are virgins.” What does that mean? To be frank with you, it used to puzzle me. It can have a literal or spiritual meaning, and I think it includes both. The Great Tribulation is a period of unparalleled suffering. The 144,000 have been through that period. The abnormal times demanded an abnormal state. That was the reason they were unmarried. When I was a boy, I remember a young fellow who went to war during World War I. He was engaged to a girl, but he never came home. I know other boys who married right before they left, and they fathered children that they never saw. That was wartime. And many girls said that they wished they had not married during that time. Well, during the Tribulation Period the times are going to be so frightful that it will be wise not to get married. You may remember that the prophet Jeremiah also lived in a critical period, the time of the Babylonian captivity. Because of the dark days, God forbade him to marry: “The word of the Lord came also unto me, saying, Thou shalt not take thee a wife, neither shalt thou have sons or daughters in this place. For thus saith the Lord concerning the sons and concerning the daughters that are born in this place, and concerning their mothers that bare them, and concerning their fathers that begat them in this land; They shall die of grievous deaths; they shall not be lamented; neither shall they be buried; but they shall he as dung upon the face of the earth: and they shall be consumed by the sword, and by famine; and their carcasses shall be meat for the fowls of heaven, and for the beasts of the earth” (Jer. 16:1–4).
Our Lord Jesus mentioned those who would be mothers during the Great Tribulation: “And woe unto them that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days!” (Matt. 24:19).
You and I are living in a day when marriage is honorable and even encouraged. However, God’s injunction to Noah to multiply and replenish the earth is hardly the Scripture to apply to a world faced with a population explosion and at a time when believers can see the approach of the end of the age.
During the Great Tribulation there will be an exaggerated emphasis upon sex, and obviously immorality will prevail. The 144,000 will have kept themselves aloof from the sins of the Great Tribulation.
Now, considering adultery in the spiritual sense, in the Old Testament idolatry was classified as spiritual fornication. The classic example is in Ezekiel 16 where we find God’s severe indictment against Israel for fornication and adultery—which was idolatry. The 144,000 will also have kept themselves from the worship of the Beast and his image during the Great Tribulation.
Therefore, the comment, “These are they which were not defiled with women; for they are virgins,” is probably referring to chastity in both the literal sense and the spiritual sense. And this makes good sense, by the way.
“Firstfruits unto God and to the Lamb” has definite reference to the nation Israel. “For if the casting away of them be the reconciling of the world, what shall the receiving of them be, but life from the dead? For if the firstfruits be holy, the lump is also holy: and if the root be holy, so are the branches” (Rom. 11:15–16). So Israel is described as the firstfruits, especially the 144,000. I believe that they will occupy a unique place in the millennial kingdom. They evidently will be the vanguard with the Lamb when He returns to set up the kingdom, as we will see in chapter 19.
“In their mouth was found no lie” means that they did not participate in the big lie of the Beast when he used lying wonders. They didn’t fall for his lie. Remember that the Lord Jesus said that if it were possible to deceive the very elect, they would be deceived. But they will not be deceived.
“They are without blemish.” Are they without blemish because they have been purified by the Great Tribulation? No. They are without blemish because they are clothed in the righteousness of Christ. And, friend, that’s the way I am going to heaven, also. I’m not going to heaven because I think I am good, because I know that I am not good. And don’t look down your nose at me, because you are not good either. Both of us are sinners saved by the grace of God.[15]
On their lips no lie was found. This is prophesied of Yeshua at Isaiah 53:9 and of Israel’s remnant at Zephaniah 3:13. [16]
“No lie” includes theological lies, i.e., false doctrine (3:9; 1 Jn 2:22). Truthtelling was important in ancient ethics, although it could be suspended even in the Bible to save life (e.g., Ex 1:19–20; Jer 38:25–27).[17]
First Angel: With the Eternal Gospel
Revelation 14:6
And I saw another angel fly in the midst of heaven, having the everlasting gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the earth, and to every nation, and kindred, and tongue, and people,
Preached to them that dwell on the earth!
Today, the Gospel of Grace is proclaimed by men, the Body of Christ, the Church, (1 Cor 15:1-4). But this will change after the rapture. Because the Church will be in heaven, God will use the 144,000 Jews, the two witnesses, and even an angel to spread His message. He will go to great lengths to give the world one last chance to be saved.
Other “gospels”:
• False gospels (2 Cor 11:4; Gal 1:6); (anathema)
• Gabriel announcing birth of John the Baptist (Lk 1:19);
• Angelic hosts to shepherds (Lk 2:10);
• News of the spiritual growth of the Thessalonian church (1 Thess 3:6);
• 7th angel, Mystery of God will be finished (Rev 10:7);
• Preaching of the Kingdom (Mt 24:14, et al.).
This one appears to be creation-oriented, as Ps 19 and Rom 1, see vs. 7
Only in more recent times has the arrogance of “science” been anti-god.
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) saw God as a “Divine Mathematician” whose mind could be discovered in the precise mechanics of the universe.
Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) saw God as the “Divine Presence” who set the universe in motion. “This most beautiful system of the Sun, planet and comets could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of the intelligent and powerful Being.” Newton also wrote over a million words of Biblical commentary, regarding it all literally.
This one is “good news” for God’s people, but bad news for the rebellious “earth dwellers”:
“Judgment is come.”
“Fear God...”
The Final Call.
[angel fly in the midst of heaven] Three messenger angels flying in heaven:
1. The first flies around in the heavens close enough to the earth to be seen and heard by human beings. He preaches the everlasting gospel to all people on earth during the last 3 1/2 years of this age. This gospel is the same as what we now preach with but one exception: he will be able to announce that the hour of God's judgment is come; we can only announce that it is coming (Rev. 6-7). All theories that this gospel is a special one given to certain denominations to preach are false. The angel will be a literal one doing what is here stated.
2. The second angel will fly in the heavens announcing the fall of literal Babylon, which will be destroyed under the 7th vial (Rev. 14:8; Rev. 16:17-21; Rev. 18:1-24).
3. The third angel will fly in the heavens warning all people in the kingdom of Antichrist that if they do take the mark, the name, or the number of the name of the beast and worship him they will seal their own doom and be punished in eternal hell (Rev. 14:9-11).
The angel who preaches the gospel to every nation, tribe, tongue, and people helps to fulfill God’s promise that the gospel “will be preached in all the world as a witness to all the nations” (Matt. 24:14) before Christ returns.
(Matt. 24:14) And this gospel of the kingdom shall be preached in all the world for a witness unto all nations; and then shall the end come.
(Rom 1:8) First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faith is spoken of throughout the whole world.
From Chapter 14:6-11, there are messages from three angels. Now angels are proclaiming warnings on earth. Why? Because the church, the two witnesses, and the 144,000 are now in heaven and there is no more human ministry on earth, because now the beast is in control!
[Fly in the midst of heaven] “Flying” is in the present tense and stresses this angel will be constantly on the move. Remember that according to Scripture, there are three heavens: (a) our atmosphere out to about 100 miles, (b) the starry heavens, and (c) the third heaven, the abode of God (2 Cor. 12:2; Deut. 10:14). The heaven referred to here is probably the first atmospheric heaven, but it is possible that it could be the second heaven, the heaven of the stars from whence this angelic messenger will be constantly orbiting the earth as a kind of satellite sending down his message to earth. The earth will probably at first claim he is an “E.T.” but not after his message is heard around the earth.
Chuck Smith: Now what did Jesus say would have to happen before the end could come? "And the gospel of the kingdom must be preached to all nations and then shall the end come" (Matthew 24:14). But interestingly enough, Jesus was talking about this same period of time, the last period of time during the Great Tribulation. It is all in context with the Great Tribulation. And the gospel shall be preached as a witness to all nations.
Now, the church has taken that as a challenge and they said that Jesus can't come again until we have preached the gospel to every nation. Now, I believe that we should seek to preach the gospel to every nation, but I do not believe that our failure to do so is hindering the return of Jesus Christ. Because I believe that that particular, "and the gospel shall be preached as a witness to all nations" is a reference to this angel that flies through the midst of heaven declaring the everlasting gospel to all the nations, kindreds and people.
Van Impe: This verse introduces us to the first of the angels who proclaim a special message to the world. What is this everlasting gospel the angel preaches? The word gospel simply means "good news." It is also called glad tidings (Luke 1:19), good tidings (Luke 2:10), and good tidings once again (1 Thessalonians 3:6). This good news always includes the message of the blood in every dispensation. To [Christ] give all the prophets witness, that through his name whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins (Acts 10:43), and remission of sins is through the blood, for without shedding of blood is no remission (Hebrews 9:22).
In addition to proclaiming the everlasting gospel, the angel announces that all those who have rejected the message of Jesus for the mark of the Antichrist (666) are about to be bombarded with a series of judgments from God himself.[18]
Revelation 14:7
Saying with a loud voice, Fear God, and give glory to him; for the hour of his judgment is come: and worship him that made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains of waters.
Creation oriented, not dependent on revealed truth. These people are evolutionist – earth dwellers.
The angel's message is God's final call to a Christ-rejecting world, and the message is "turn or burn; repent or die. This is mankind's last opportunity to receive Jesus Christ as Messiah, as Lord, yea, as the true God."
Content. The gospel as we normally think of it is not stated here though it may be a part of his message. In Scripture, as mentioned previously, we have: (a) the gospel of Christ, i.e., the good news of salvation through the person and work of Jesus Christ from sin’s penalty, power and presence, (b) the gospel of grace which emphasizes salvation is on the basis of grace, and (c) the gospel of the kingdom, the good news God will establish His kingdom on earth through the two advents of the Lord Jesus Christ. But the good news this angel proclaims has four key elements, three commands and two causes or reasons:
Command #1: “Fear God” refers to a holy reverence that recognizes the sovereign authority and power of God to deal with man in His holy wrath. It is to recognize the true God who can destroy the soul rather than just the body as with the beast.
Command #2: “Give Him glory” refers to the praise and honor that should accrue to God from man due to man’s knowledge and high estimation of God as the sovereign Creator of the universe.
Command #3: “And worship Him who made…” The word “worship” means to show reverence or respect. This word emphasizes the external display as seen in obedience, prayer, singing, and formal worship, while the word “fear” emphasizes the mental attitude behind the worship. In the Tribulation men will be forced to fear and formally acknowledge the beast and his image. In this message the angel is demanding that men reject the beast and formally turn to God to worship Him (cf. Rev. 14:11).
Reason #1: “The hour of his judgment has come” is a reference to the final judgments of the Tribulation, the bowl judgments which are about to occur. These will conclude with the return of Christ Himself (Rev. 19) and lead to the removal of all unbelievers. The emphasis then is to not delay because the time is short.
Reason #2: This is seen in the reference to God as the Creator in verse 7b. This calls attention to the ageless and universal message of the creation itself. Age after age creation has called man to recognize God’s existence and to seek after Him (cf. Acts 17:26-27 with Psalm 19:1-6). This means men are without excuse and that the hour of the Creator’s judgment is about to fall (Rom. 1:18f). Though this is the essential and primary element of the angel’s everlasting gospel, perhaps he will say more than this for from age to age a person’s capacity to reverence, glorify and worship God has come only through believing and knowing Christ (cf. John 14:6 with Acts 4:12; John 4:23-24).
J.H. Melton: Many religious leaders of the present day are very enthusiastic about what they call “Christian unity.” Millions of professing Christians are being swept by sentimental appeals into the ecumenical monster, the World council of churches, the one world church. Again and again people are heard to exclaim, “wouldn’t it be wonderful if we just had one great big church?” They will have their one great big church, but it will not be so wonderful. It will be a federation of God-defying, Christ-denying, apostate religious leaders.”
McGee: “Another angel” denotes another radical change in protocol of God’s communication with the earth. This angel is the first in a parade of six “another” angels mentioned in verses 8–9, 15, and 17–18.
During our age the gospel has been committed to men, and they alone are the messengers of it. Angels would like to give the message of the gospel, but they have not been permitted to do so. At the beginning of the Great Tribulation men are the messengers of God, as the 144,000 reveal. Even the two witnesses with supernatural power could not stand up against Satan, but were removed from the satanic scene of earth. Angels as well as men were the messengers of the Old Testament—“… the word spoken by angels was stedfast …” (Heb. 2:2). The times are so intense in the Great Tribulation Period that only angels can get the messages of God through to the world. Angels are indestructible.
“Flying in mid heaven” was a ridiculous statement a few years ago, and some of the critics of the Bible laughed at such a thing. It is no longer a ridiculous statement to a generation that has been treated to television via satellite. Worldwide television is a practical reality so that we don’t have to wait for the evening news to learn what is happening in Israel or England or Japan, we can see it just as it is happening. And the angel whom John mentions “flying in mid heaven” will serve as a broadcasting station to the entire world.
“An eternal gospel.” The question naturally arises, How is this the gospel, since the word gospel means “good news?” Is this angel bringing good news? Yes, it is good news to those who are God’s children, but it is bad news for the unbelievers.
“Fear God” is the message of this “eternal gospel.” That is the message. The writer of the Proverbs said that the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom. In effect, the angel is saying to God’s people, “Get wise, get smart, because you need to fear God. God saved you by His grace, but He is going to judge this earth.” This is God’s final call before the return of Christ in judgment.[19]
Second Angel: Doom of Babylon
Revelation 14:8
And there followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.
First mention in Revelation of “Babylon the Great” which will be center stage in Chapters 17 & 18.
Babylon has been Satan’s Headquarters from the beginning. The worship of Semiramis, and the female principal in the deity; the fountainhead of false religions (cf. Jer 51:6-9; “Is fallen, fallen”: Gen 41:32).
[fallen, is fallen] “Fell, Fell”: prophetic aorist tense. It’s history, as we might say. Yet to be destroyed as the Bible predicts; thus, yet to emerge again (Jer 51:7; Isa 13:11; Jer 25:15-26; Isa 13:19). Re: Alexander Hislop, The Two Babylons. Some believe that because fell mentioned twice that it will happen very fast.
It may be the word Fallen is repeated twice to mean two separate falls or judgments. The false religious system will fall first when the Antichrist turns on it just after the mid-point of the Tribulation Period. The rebuilt city of Babylon will fall again when it is burned to the ground in one hour near the end of tribulation Period. (Rev 17)
This is not the fall of Babylon in 539 BC as many commentators try to infer.
[wine of the wrath of her fornication] A reference to demon possession. Making the nations drink this wine is a reference to Babylon forcing her Satanic-inspired false religion on the world.
Van Impe: Here we learn of the impending judgment to be unleashed upon religious and political Babylon in chapters 17 and 18. We will deal with the fulfillment of these predictions, plus the fact that all nations are made to drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, when we reach those sections. For the present, suffice it to say that the abominable portrait before us typifies a one-world church united to a one-world political system using every type of corruption imaginable to promote herself into prominence at the end time. Beware! The present ecumenical effort, attempting to unite all religions under a so-called "banner of brotherhood," regardless of one's belief about Christ, is the forerunner of a monstrous fornicator who makes all nations drink of the wine of her wrath.[20]
McGee: There is a book entitled The Two Babylons, by Alexander Hislop, which you ought to read. It is especially pertinent in these days in which you and I live. It reveals that Babylon has been Satan’s headquarters from the very beginning. Babylon is the place where idolatry began. Semiramis was the wife of Nimrod; some scholars think that she was his mother and that she married her own son. She was queen of Babel, which later became Babylon, and she devised a nice little story (beginning a whole system of idolatry) in which she came out of an egg in the Euphrates River—she cracked the shell and stepped out fully grown. The worship of Semiramis introduced the female principle in the deity. This reveals that Babylon was the fountainhead of false religions.
“Fell, fell is Babylon.” This second angel runs ahead and announces that which is yet to come as though it had already taken place. In the original Greek, “fell” is in the prophetic aorist tense. In other words, God’s prophetic word is so sure that He speaks as though the event had already taken place. It is just as sure as if it were history already.
The city of Babylon will evidently be rebuilt during the Great Tribulation Period. If you have my book on Isaiah, you will see that I deal with the probability in chapter 13. I believe that ancient Babylon will be rebuilt, though not at the same location, and that judgment upon it, which is predicted in the Book of Isaiah, is yet to come.
The idolatry of Babylon is a divine intoxication which will fascinate the entire world. This is the reason we are seeing so much experimentation in our day with Satan worship, exorcism, and all the cults which are definitely satanic. Notice what the Old Testament prophets have said about it: “Babylon hath been a golden cup in the Lord’s hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunken of her wine; therefore the nations are mad” (Jer. 51:7). If you could get away far enough and look back at this earth, I am of the opinion that you would be disappointed in mankind and in the nations of the world. Then in the prophecy of Isaiah we read: “And I will punish the world for their evil, and the wicked for their iniquity; and I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease, and will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible” (Isa. 13:11). This brings down the wrath of God upon the world (see Jer. 25:15–26). “And Babylon, the glory of kingdoms, the beauty of the Chaldees’ excellency, shall be as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah” (Isa. 13:19).
This is a judgment on Babylon that we are going to see: judgment upon religious Babylon in chapter 17 of Revelation and upon commercial Babylon in chapter 18.[21]
(JNTC) She has fallen! She has fallen! Babylon the Great! This cry, combining Isaiah 21:9 with Daniel 4:21, is repeated at 18:2, when the destruction of Babylon is being detailed (chapters 17–18). In the Tanakh Babylon epitomizes evil. Already in Genesis 11 it is the site of the Tower of Babel. In Isaiah 14 the king of Babylon is a thinly veiled stand-in for Satan (especially Isaiah 14:12–16). Following are discussions of four possible meanings for “Babylon” here and at 16:19; 17:5; 18:2, 10, 21.
(1) Literal Babylon. Babylon was located on the Euphrates River (16:12) and was crisscrossed by canals (“sitting on many waters,” 17:1, alluding to Jeremiah 51:13, “O you who dwell on many waters, abundant in treasures, your end has come, and the measure of your greed.”). But against a literal interpretation is 17:15, which interprets the “waters” figuratively, and Jeremiah’s prophecy that Babylon’s “desolation” would be “everlasting” (Jeremiah 25:12; also Isaiah 13:19–22 and most extensively Jeremiah 50:1–51:64), along with the fact that Babylon in the first century c.e. was hardly worthy of the attention Yochanan gives it, since it was neither a center of Gospel activity (see 1 Ke 5:13N) nor the major world power center it had once been.
(2) Rome. The arguments in favor of Babylon as a codeword for Rome are weighty. Rome was widely known as the city set on seven hills (17:9). Caution militated against portraying the evils of Rome’s oppressive rule too directly. “Babylon” was a common euphemism for “Rome” in the Pseudepigrapha (2 Baruch 11:1, 67:7; Sibylline Oracles 5:143, 159) and in rabbinic writings. Midrash Rabbah on Song of Songs 1:6.4 states directly, “One calls Rome ‘Babylon.’ ”Yechiel Lichtenstein on 1 Ke 5:13 remarks that “Rome is called ‘Babylon’ since it is always described as the worst kingdom.” Because Rome’s political power has declined since the book of Revelation was written, making the literal understanding of Rome less relevant, there are Protestants who equate Babylon with Rome and Rome with Roman Catholicism, turning the passage into an anti-Catholic polemic.
(3) The wicked world-system, ruled in the spiritual realm by Satan and ultimately in the physical world by the anti-Messiah. Viewing Babylon allegorically as the evil world-system accords with the extensive description of the rule of the anti-Messiah in chapters 12–13 and the return of this imagery in the immediate context (vv. 9–11).
(4) The ungodly in general. This less specific understanding of Babylon the Great as the ungodly in general as over against the godly would derive from a hermeneutic that interprets the whole book along such figurative lines (see 1:1).
The wine of God’s fury, here and at v. 10: see vv. 14–20 below.[22]
Third Angel: Fury on Beast Worshippers
Revelation 14:9
And the third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, If any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead, or in his hand,
Two things mentioned here; 1) must worship beast and image and 2) receive his mark. This requires a specific political commitment. Not like carrying a debit card or something like that.
Revelation 14:10
The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb:
A fatal choice. This does not involve the Church, which has been redeemed. “Enduring to the end” (Mt 24:13) was addressed to those in this period.
[indignation] Is it any wonder that God will be so indignant when men will reject His written word, refuse to repent when judgments from heaven are sent upon them (Rev. 9:20-21; Rev. 16:9,11), reject the preaching of real angels flying in the midst of heaven (Rev. 14:6-11), and ignore the preaching and miracles done by the two witnesses and multitudes of Christians who will receive the outpouring of the Holy Spirit and the endowment of power to do miracles? See Acts 2:16-21; Rev. 11:3-12; Rev. 12:17; Rev. 19:10.
[and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone] One of many passages teaching eternal torment of the wicked (Rev. 14:10-11; Rev. 20:10-15; Rev. 21:8; Rev. 22:15; Isaiah 66:22-24; Matthew 8:12; Matthew 13:39-50; Matthew 25:41,46; Mark 9:43-49; Luke 12:5; Luke 16:19-31).
[presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb] People in the new earth will be able to "look upon the men that have transgressed" and are suffering punishment with the devil and his angels, as an everlasting monument of God's wrath on sin (Rev. 14:10; Isaiah 13:19-22; Isaiah 34:8-15; ♣ Isaiah 66:22-24, notes).
Chuck Smith: Now, this means that God is going to give every man a chance. The first angel proclaims the everlasting gospel. Now, this angel warns man against worshipping the beast or taking his mark, so that if a man does take the mark and does worship the beast or his image, he is doing it knowingly. He is doing it willfully in willful rebellion against God, because he has been deceived into thinking that in the final conflict that will soon be taking place, that Satan and the forces of darkness will be able to overcome the forces of light.
In this final opportunity the gospel will be proclaimed. God would not proclaim it unless there was the opportunity of being saved. And there is that final rejection that identifying themselves against God, and thus the wrath of God is to be poured out, the cup of His indignation. Indignation is an Old Testament word for the "great tribulation". You find it used many times in the Old Testament in reference to the tribulation.
This is one of those “you will reap what you sow” verses. Babylon will make all the nations drink the wine of her adulteries. Those who drink her wine will then be made to drink the wine of God’s fury which will be unimaginable torment with burning sulfur. We know that burning sulfur increase the temperature of a fire, and therefore, in this case would raise the level of suffering.
Oliver B. Green: There are those today who tell us that the wicked will be burned up… that there is no such thing as an everlasting hell. I would like for these fellows to explain to me why, if God is going to burn up the wicked he does not put out the fire. Why does the smoke ascend up forever and ever?
David Hocking: But does God punish people forever? It appears that his holiness, justice, and righteous character demand it. If we refuse his offer to salvation from sin, death, and hell, what else could he do and remain a holy God? His love, mercy, and forgiveness become totally meaningless if there is no retribution for our rebellion and sin. If there is eternal life for the believer then there is also eternal punishment for the unbeliever.
(JNTC) Fire and sulfur, which KJV renders “fire and brimstone.” Because this expression is used to describe Christian preachers who vividly portray the tortures of hell, it is sometimes thought foreign to Judaism. Actually the destiny of evildoers is described in this way throughout the Tanakh. Four examples: Genesis 19:24 (God’s destruction of Sodom), Isaiah 34:8–10 (the coming “day of vengeance” against Edom), Ezekiel 38:22 (prophecy against Gog) and Psalm 11:6 (the fate of the wicked). The phrase is found in Revelation also at 9:17–18, 19:20, 20:10, 21:8. See 19:20. [23]
Revelation 14:11
And the smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: and they have no rest day nor night, who worship the beast and his image, and whosoever receiveth the mark of his name.
Preview of Bowls (Ch. 15, 16).
Punishment is eternal: “ages of ages” 12X in book; 8X, glory of Father & Christ; 3X duration of punishment of Devil and his; 1X (here) people who insist on following him.
“Fire”: symbolic? Mt 13:36-42 implies that it is literal. The literalness of “hell” is a serious issue (which we tend to avoid addressing). God will not mix mercy with this judgment (Ps 75:8; Hab 3:2). The Seven Bowls are coming.
We may not like the concept of torment, but we are dealing with holy love, both words are paramount. True righteousness is also the issue. The time to deal with this is now, not then. “Then” is too late. When you reach eternity you can’t change your destiny.
The same Greek word implying “everlasting punishment and torment” is used to indicate both the everlasting life on one who has accepted Jesus and the everlasting existence of God. Greek word used is aion.
Although Scripture uses images of fiery sulfur, destruction, and darkness for hell (Matthew 7:13; 18:8; Jude 13; Revelation 14:10), few details are given. Jesus used the Greek word gehenna to describe hell. The word alludes to the valley of Ben Hinnom, where, at times, gods (2 Chronicles 28:3), and later where they burned their garbage and refuse (Jeremiah 7:31).
This may sound to some like an old-time message of hell, fire and brimstone which may surprise some who think that modern man has been able to escape these old fashioned ideas. But modern man has only escaped these ideas by the blindness of his own mind and ignorance of the truth of God. This is what the Bible emphatically teaches and the Bible has the seal and approval of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, whom God raised from the dead as proof not only of the truth of Scripture, but of the fact that every unbeliever must face Jesus Christ at the great white throne judgment (Acts 17:30-31).
Van Impe: This third angel announces the doom of those who are worshipping the Antichrist and his image, and who have received the mark "666" in their foreheads or hands. For the weak-kneed sisters of Christendom who claim that "the God of love could never punish sinners," verses 9 through 11 are probably the Bible's most graphic picture of judgment. Although the text before us is self-explanatory, I feel it prudent to practically state the same truths twice, in order that mockers may see that there is a judgment of hellfire taught in this book, as well as throughout the Bible. Those individuals who have received the mark of the beast taste of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture [without dilution or weakening of his wrath as it is stirred up] into the cup of his indignation. The judgment is so horrendous as it is administered in the presence of Christ and his angels that the smoke of [the Antichrist's partners and pawns] ascendeth up for ever and ever: and they have no rest day nor night, who worship the beast and his image, and whosoever receiveth the mark of his name.
Contrary to the teaching of certain cultists, this judgment is also endless. The words everlasting for the lost and eternal for the saved are identical in the Greek, both places-heaven and hell-last for the ages of ages-eternally, everlastingly. Thus, Matthew 25:46 states: [The lost] shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal. I repeat, both are of equal duration.
Some may raise an objection that this punishment cannot be eternal because of he words "day and night." Nonsense! The apocalypse, or Book of Revelation, constantly uses this terminology in place of "unceasingly." For example, in chapter 4, verse 8, the four living creatures before the throne of God rest not day and night, saying, Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty, which was, and is, and is to come. Isaiah declared this truth in chapter 66, verse 24, For their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched. Jesus himself had this text in mind when He said in Mark 9:43, And if thy hand offend thee, cut it off: it is better for thee to enter into life maimed, than having two hands to go into hell, into the fire that never shall be quenched.
The most terrible experience of time and eternity is to be lost. My wife, Rexella, sings a song that creates a soul-winner's heart within those who hear it. The chorus states:
Think what it means to be lost forever,
No one to guide you across that cold river.
Darkness, crying, none to deliver,
Think what it means to be lost.
Thank God, this awesome portrait does not have to be the future of any human being, for Romans 10:13 victoriously announces that whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved. Don't delay making life's most important decision.[24]
(JNTC) Before the holy angels … forever. The idea that the judgment of the wicked is eternally on display before the righteous is found in a Pseudipegraphic Jewish work:
“This cursed valley [Gey-Hinnom (Gehenna, hell; see Mt 5:22N)] is for those who are cursed forever …. Here they will be gathered together and here will be their place of judgment. In the last days there will be upon them the spectacle of righteous judgment in the presence of the righteous forever.” (1 Enoch 27:1–3) [25]
Revelation 14:12
Here is the patience of the saints: here are they that keep the commandments of God, and the faith of Jesus.
Verse seems to be placed here as an encouragement verse.
Yes, they will indeed “rest from their labors,” but their works will “follow them.” That is, though they leave their toil behind, their deeds, having been in line with God’s plan of redemption, will be reassures in heaven, bringing great reward at the judgment seat of Christ.
[saints] Three characteristics of saints:
1. Patience in sufferings
2. Keeping the commandments
3. Keeping the faith of Jesus Christ
McGee: He is speaking to a group of people who “keep the commandments of God,” the Old Testament law. Scripture tells us that sacrifices will be brought during the Great Tribulation and even into the Millennium.
This section makes it crystal clear that no one can assume a neutral position during this intense period under the Beast. Even today we see Christian businessmen who are capitulating to the ethics of the hour. In chapter 13 we saw that the awful alternative for refusing to receive the mark of the Beast was starvation. On the other hand, the person who receives the mark brings down upon his head the wrath of God.
“He also shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God.” If you believe that the church is going through the Great Tribulation, you also believe that the Lord Jesus Christ is going to subject His own to the mingled, unmixed cup of His anger. I simply cannot believe that Christ would do this to the church which He has redeemed.
“The wine of the wrath of God” is a figure adopted from the Old Testament. In Psalm 75:8 we read: “For in the hand of the Lord there is a cup, and the wine is red; it is full of mixture; and he poureth out of the same: but the dregs thereof, all the wicked of the earth shall wring them out, and drink them.” The Old Testament prophets picked up that theme. They saw the cup of wrath filling up to the brim. God was patient and let man go on and on in his sin, but when the cup of wrath was filled, then God would press it to the lips of a godless society. Rebellious men kept building this thing up until judgment had to break.
“Tormented with fire and brimstone.” Now let me say that if this is not literal fire and brimstone, whatever it is must be worse than fire and brimstone. If it is a symbol, remember that a symbol is used to give a faint representation of the real. It is rather like the essence of something. There is the essence of pepper and the essence of perfume. Essence is the faint odor that is left in the bottle after the substance is gone. A symbol is an essence or just a faint copy of the real thing, and the reality can be much worse than the symbol indicates. But remember, the brimstone of Sodom was quite literal. That is a fact you should mull over in your mind if you want to reject a literal hell.
You will notice in this passage that hell is visible to Christ and the holy angels. It does not say that hell is visible to the twenty-four elders. Are we to assume from that that the church does not know what is taking place on the earth? I am inclined to believe that the church will not see what is taking place on the earth during the Great Tribulation Period, but certainly Christ and the holy angels will see it.
All that God’s own can do during this period is to be patient and wait for the coming of Christ. Our Lord said: “But he that shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved” (Matt. 24:13). Why will he endure? He will endure because he has been sealed by the Spirit of God, and he is clothed in the righteousness of Christ. He is able to overcome by the blood of the Lamb. Our Lord said, “In your patience possess ye your souls?” (Luke 21:19). All they can do is wait out the storm, and that is what they will do during the Great Tribulation.[26]
Voice (4th Angel): Happiness of Righteous Dead
Revelation 14:13
And I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Write, Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth: Yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labours; and their works do follow them.
[voice from heaven] Four times previously there is a record of a voice from heaven (10:4, 8; 11:12; 14:2). Again in 18:4 and 21:3 a voice is heard, a direct communication from God as contrasted with communication through an angel. The implication is that this is unusually important and a direct divine pronouncement.
Phil 1:23-26. Echoes what Paul said
Strange assurance—“from now on.” This reassurance is only relevant if they feel they have missed the resurrection! (This was the anxiety of the Thessalonians when the Roman persecutions under Nero began, and led to Paul’s disclosures in 1 Thess 4:13ff.) Hint of the pre-trib rapture, if the rapture had not taken place this would have been unnecessary to say.
[Write] This word is used 16 times in the book, John was directed to write as he received the Revelation (Rev. 1:11,19; Rev. 2:1,8,12,18; Rev. 3:1,7,12,14; Rev. 10:4; Rev. 14:13; Rev. 19:9; Rev. 21:5); cp. Rev. 1:3; Rev. 22:18-19.
[from henceforth] From the time people begin to die, because they will not take the mark of the beast. It refers to a special blessing to martyrs of the tribulation (Rev. 6:9-11; Rev. 7:9-17; Rev. 14:13; Rev. 15:2-4; Rev. 20:4-6).
[saith the Spirit] The Holy Spirit speaks 12 times in Revelation (Rev. 1:10; Rev. 2:7,11,17,29; Rev. 3:6,13,22; Rev. 4:2; Rev. 17:3; Rev. 21:10; Rev. 22:17).
The voice pronounced the second of seven beatitudes in Revelation: Blessed are those who die in the Lord from now on.
Van Impe: This will be especially true during the Tribulation hour when the toils of life are so great. Remember, this is the worst time of heartache in history. Jesus said, For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be (Matthew 24:2 1). Now, at last, it is over for some. They have died and happiness is theirs. They rest from the heartbreaks of life, exchanging them for rewards as their good works and deeds follow them.[27]
McGee: Apparently many of God’s tribulation saints, both of the 144,000 and of the untold number of Gentiles that will be saved during that time, are going to lay down their lives for Christ. They will be martyred. During the time of the Great Tribulation, it will be better to die than to live. At that time this verse will give comfort and assurance. They will have rest from their sorrows, and their works will follow them, and the Lord will reward them.
As I have said, this is not a verse for God’s saints in comfortable, affluent America, as I see it. For most of us it is unnatural to want to die. I feel as Paul expressed it: “For I am in a strait betwixt two, having a desire to depart, and to be with Christ; which is far better: Nevertheless to abide in the flesh is more needful for you. And having this confidence, I know that I shall abide and continue with you all for your furtherance and joy of faith; That your rejoicing may be more abundant in Jesus Christ for me by my coming to you again” (Phil. 1:23–26).
Personally, I would like to stay down here for quite a few more years and teach the Word of God. I am in no hurry to get to heaven. This old story illustrates my viewpoint: A boy in my southland years ago went to church on a Sunday night. The preacher asked, “How many of you want to go to heaven?” Everybody but this boy put up his hand. The preacher looked at him and asked, “Son, don’t you want to go to heaven?” “Sure,” the boy answered, “but I thought you were getting up a load for tonight!”
Well, I don’t want to be on that load leaving tonight either. I’m going there ultimately, but I would like to live and serve as long as possible. For me it would be unnatural to want to die, but in the Great Tribulation it will be a different story. They will just be waiting in patience and in sorrow. If they are martyred, it will be a wonderful thing. “Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord.” He is going to reward them for their faithfulness to Himself.
You can see that this verse is not appropriate for a funeral, especially for a wealthy man who has been living in clover all of his life. In Texas I heard it used at a rich man’s funeral, a man who had been brought up in a home of wealth. He had never known what it was to lift his little finger in actual work. He just toyed around with a ranch and lost money on it—he had so much money, he had to get rid of it some way. Yet the preacher applied this verse to him! That is a terrible abuse of the Word of God. Death is going to be precious to the people in the Great Tribulation but not for the saints of our society in which everything is geared to comfort.
“For their works follow with them” reveals that they will be rewarded for their faithfulness, patience, and works in this period. God does not save anyone for his works, but He does reward us for our works. Our works (good or bad) are like tin cans tied to a dog’s tail; we cannot get away from them. They will follow us to the bema seat of Christ.[28]
(JNTC) What they have accomplished follows along with them. The Mishna puts it this way:
“In the hour of a person’s departure, neither silver nor gold nor precious stones nor pearls accompany him, only Torah and good works.” (Avot 6:9) [29]
(JNTC) 14–20 As a whole, the passage echoes Joel 4:9–13(3:9–13), in which grape harvesting and wine pressing are used as a metaphor for judgment in the context of the eschatological war, and Isaiah 63:1–6, in which God treads the winevat in his fury, pressing out the lifeblood of the peoples. The same metaphor is found at Jeremiah 25:15, 28–31.
Judgment is also symbolized by the harvest at Jeremiah 61:33 and Hosea 6:11. Also see Yeshua’s own parable of the wheat and the weeds, especially Mk 4:29 and Mt 13:39–42; both there and here the Messiah is the reaper at the final judgment, using angels as his instruments. Moreover, here it is the Messiah who treads the winepress (see below, 19:15). [30]
Revelation 14:14
And I looked, and behold a white cloud, and upon the cloud one sat like unto the Son of man, having on his head a golden crown, and in his hand a sharp sickle.
[white cloud] Seven kinds of clouds in Scripture:
1. White (Rev. 14:14)
2. Black (1 Kings 18:45)
3. Dark (Job 22:13)
4. Bright (Matthew 17:5)
5. Thick (Exodus 19:9)
6. Great (Ezekiel 1:4)
7. Swift (Isaiah 19:1)
From this we see what is coming. That cloud is the signal of the second advent of the Lord. When He ascended, “a cloud received him out of their sight:” and at the same time it was told from heaven, “This same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as e have seen him go into heaven.” (Acts 1) The cloud took Him and the cloud will bring Him back. “They shall see the Son of man coming in a cloud with power and great glory.” (Luke 21:27)
This language is similar to Daniel 7:13, where Daniel had visions of “one like the Son of man” coming with the clouds of heaven.
(Dan 7:13-14) 13I saw in the night visions, and, behold, one like the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him near before him. 14And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all people, nations, and languages, should serve him: his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed.
[one sat like unto the Son of man] The sitter sits on the cloud like a throne, and he appears as a Son of Man. This is clearly a title of the Lord Jesus Christ and emphasizes the humanity of Christ as the One who came to die for man, but who, as the God-Man and King would one day come to judge men as Man. The issue is when men reject Christ and His Word, they will face Him as Judge. Compare the words of Christ in John 5:22, 27 with 12:46-48 and Acts 17:31. The harvest of the earth proceeds from the holiness of God who in His perfect righteousness must judge a Christ rejecting world. The world will be reaped according to its own sowing.
[having on his head a golden crown] The word “having” is the present tense of a continuous condition and emphasizes the permanence of the crown because of that which Christ accomplished by His first advent. “Gold” in Scripture is a symbol of deity, of value, of what is imperishable, and of righteousness. “Crown” is the Greek stephanos which refers to the victor’s crown rather than diadem, the crown of royalty. Christ is coming to conquer, having the right and power to do so as the victorious Savior.
Background: Shekinah
OT: Wilderness Ex 13:21,22; 14:19-24
Manna Ex 16:10
Giving of law Ex 19:9, 16, 18; 24:15-18
2nd time Ex 34:1-5
Tabernacle Ex 40:34, 35
Mercy Seat Num 9:16-22
70 elders chosen Num 11:25
Solomon & ark 1 Kgs 8:10,11
Leaves Ezek 9:3; 10:4, 18, 19; 11:22, 23
Never to be removed: Ex 43:2; Dan 7:13, 14; Rev 5
NT: Overshadows Mary Lk 1:35
Flocks of Shepherds Lk 2:9
Transfiguration Mt 17:5; 1 Pet 1:17-19
Ascension Acts 1:9
Rapture 1 Thess 4:17
Return Mt 24:30; 26:64; Rev 1:7; Lk 21:27
[Sickle] 12X in the Scriptures: 7X in this section.
[Sharp] occurs 7X in Revelation (4X in this chapter).
Van Impe: [31]A white cloud-the Shekinah or "glory of God" cloud-is usually associated with Christ. This is the same cloud that went before the Children of Israel as they wandered through the wilderness (Exodus 13:21,22). It was also present at the giving of the Law (Exodus 19:9). This glorious cloud illuminated the transfiguration scene (Matthew 17:5) and received [Christ] out of their sight at His ascension (Acts 1:9). At the Rapture, all church-age saints, living and dead, will be caught up together...in the clouds (1 Thessalonians 4:17). Finally, when the Lord Jesus Christ returns to planet earth, he cometh with clouds (Revelation 1:7). Thus, in verse 14 of this chapter the Son of Man is seen situated upon the cloud as He comes to thrust in His sharp sickle of judgment.
McGee: “I looked, and behold” emphasizes the fact that John is not only a hearer but a spectator.
“A white cloud, and upon the cloud one sat like unto the Son of man” is evidently the Lord Jesus Christ. The cloud is a mark of identification: “And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven: and then shall all the tribes of the earth mourn, and they shall see the Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory” (Matt. 24:30). I think that the “clouds” are the shekinah cloud, which is “the sign” in heaven.
“On his head a golden crown” further confirms this One as the Lord Jesus Christ. He is the hero of the Book of Revelation, my friend, and you need this book to get a true picture of Him. He is seen as King—not as Prophet or Priest. His office as King is always connected with His return to the earth.
“A sharp sickle” establishes this and speaks of the judgment of the wicked. Dr. Newell calls attention to something that is quite interesting: he notes that the word sickle occurs only twelve times in the Scriptures, of which seven are in the verses of this section. Also, the word sharp occurs seven times in the Revelation, and four times in this chapter.[32]
Fifth Angel:
Revelation 14:15
And another angel came out of the temple, crying with a loud voice to him that sat on the cloud, Thrust in thy sickle, and reap: for the time is come for thee to reap; for the harvest of the earth is ripe.
“Crying out with a loud voice…” Here an angelic being gives orders to the Son of Man, but Christ Himself said that the Father had set within His own limits “the times and epochs” (Matt. 24:36; Acts 1:7). There are some who believe the Father is giving directions to the Son of Man to execute the final judgments through this angelic messenger. Please note the words, “because the hour to reap has come” (cf. Heb. 10:12-13; Psalm 2:7-9).
[ripe] Overripe = withered (Jas 1:11; cf. Mt 21:19-20; Mk 3:1,3; Jn 15:6). The harvest of the earth is more than ripe, it has actually dried up (Greek ekseranthe from kseraino, “to dry up,” “to wither”). This is not a harvest of good fruit. It is rather like the cutting off of dried up branches. This is not the good grapesbeing gathered to return to God, but the bad grapes who have been getting away with too much for too long. What follows seems to confirm such an outlook.
[harvest] Some would argue that we are not called to harvest today: this harvest is the end of the world (Lk 3:8-17; Mt 13:24-30, 36-43; also Joel 3:13-14). We are called to sow: to sow the Word of God.
[temple] There is a temple in heaven (Rev. 14:15,17; Rev. 3:12; Rev. 7:15; Rev. 11:19; Rev. 15:5-8; Rev. 16:1,17; Isaiah 6:1), so ♣ Rev. 21:22-23 must be understood in this light. See notes there. The temple which is in heaven, as distinguished from the temple which in on earth. “The holy places made with hands are the figures of the true,” fashioned after “the patterns of things in the heavens.” (Heb. 10:23-24)
[Thrust in thy sickle, and reap: for the time is come for thee to reap; for the harvest of the earth is ripe] This is symbolic of the battle of Armageddon (Rev. 14:15-16; Joel 3:12-16; cp. Rev. 19:21; Matthew 13:30,39; Isaiah 11:4; Jeremiah 51:33; Hosea 6:11; 2 Thes. 2:8).
Revelation 14:16
And he that sat on the cloud thrust in his sickle on the earth; and the earth was reaped.
[the earth was reaped] The earth was harvested. The impact of this event is surely of great importance, yet the simplicity of the statement is equally noteworthy. Four words equate to the final judgment of the population of an entire planet.
One cannot get away with sin forever: Be sure your sin will find you out (Numbers 32:23). Sin will catch up with you, and when it does, they that plow iniquity, and sow wickedness, reap the same (Job 4:8). The time of reaping has come, and the sickle, sharp and steady, does its judgmental work. Verses 17-20 describe this hour as the greatest bloodbath in history.
(Rev 13:10) He that leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity: he that killeth with the sword must be killed with the sword. Here is the patience and the faith of the saints.
McGee: “Send forth thy sickle, and reap” refers to the judgment of men on the earth. “As therefore the tares are gathered and burned in the fire; so shall it be in the end of this world. The Son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and them which do iniquity; And shall cast them into a furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth” (Matt. 13:40–42). In Matthew the “harvest” has so long been identified with Christian witnessing, and believers have been urged to pray for laborers for the harvest, that it is difficult for the average Christian to fit this scene into the true context of Scripture. Actually, believers are not urged to harvest today; they are urged to sow, to sow the Word of God.
“… a sower went forth to sow” (Matt. 13:3) is a picture of Christendom today. The Lord Jesus Christ is the Son of Man. He is the sower and the seed is the Word of God and the field is the world. He is flinging out the seed into the world. There is going to be a harvest someday, but that will come at the end of the age. You and I are not in the harvesting business today. Our business is to sow the seed. That is the reason I do not worry about results. I worry a great deal about the source. I want to do my best in giving out the Word of God. Why? Because sowing seed is my business. I am not really concerned about the number of folk who claim to have been converted through my ministry I just sow the seed. Christ is the One who is going to have the harvest, and the harvest is the judgment at the end of the age. This is the picture given to us here in the Revelation.
Note God’s instructions to His Son in the Old Testament: “I will declare the decree: the Lord hath said unto me, Thou art my Son; this day have I begotten thee. Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession. Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel” (Ps. 2:7–9). Did this take place at the Lord’s first coming? No. This is no missionary text. When, then, will it take place? It will take place at Christ’s second coming to earth. At that time He will come in judgment.
“For the hour is come to reap” is in conformity to the words of Jesus, “… the harvest is the end of the world …” (Matt. 13:39). The time will come to reap, so let’s sow the seed today, and let’s not be so everlastingly busy trying to get somebody’s hand up and have that one come forward to receive Christ as Savior. Let’s make sure that we give out the Word of God, and the Spirit of God will take care of the results.
The time of harvest is set before us in the Old Testament: “Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe: come, get you down; for the press is full, the vats overflow; for their wickedness is great. Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision: for the day of the Lord is near in the valley of decision” (Joel 3:13–14).[33]
Sixth Angel:
Revelation 14:17
And another angel came out of the temple which is in heaven, he also having a sharp sickle.
He too has a “sharp sickle.” This draws attention to the fact that angels will have a part in the final judgments of the Tribulation.
There is not the slightest suggestion that here may be a second chance after death for unbelievers. This is not found in the Bible. The Bible presents no picture other than that the lake of fire is absolutely eternal and that the populace of that lake will be tormented day and night forever and ever.
McGee: The Lord Jesus Christ is the Savior of world, but he is also the Judge of all the world.
Seventh Angel:
Revelation 14:18
And another angel came out from the altar, which had power over fire; and cried with a loud cry to him that had the sharp sickle, saying, Thrust in thy sharp sickle, and gather the clusters of the vine of the earth; for her grapes are fully ripe.
Note this harvest of vv.17-20 is of grapes, not wheat, as in vv.14-16.
There, the angels separate the tares from the wheat, etc.
Gathering of unrighteous: Joel 3:1, 2, 9-17; Isa 63:1-6; Zech 14:1-3.
Isa 34:1-3, 6. I don’t believe this is for the Church.
Yet another angel will come forth – this time from the altar in the heavenly temple. We read about this altar before in Rev 8:3. It is where the Tribulation Saints call upon God to avenge their blood. Now this angel will urge the angel with the sharp sickle to gather the clusters of grapes from the earth’s vine, because its grapes are ripe. Since Jesus is the True Vine, it is likely that he earth’s vine is a reference to the Antichrist. The clusters of grapes will be the fruit of the earth’s vine or those nations that follow the Antichrist.
[vine] The use of the vine in a figurative way, frequently found in the Bible in relation to Israel (Ps 80:8, 14-15; Isa 5:2-7; Jer 2:21; Ezek 17:5-8; Hosea 10:1), and also used with the church in John 15:1-6. Just as Israel and the church were to bear fruit of righteousness to the Lord, so here we have the vine producing the fruit of wickedness and corruption.
David Hocking: All true believers are designed by God to bear the fruit of God’s righteousness (Gal 5:22-23; Phil 1:9-11). In a similar manner, unbelievers are described as a vine that bears fruit, not the fruit of God’s character, but the fruit of wickedness and rebellion.
McGee: “The sanctuary which is in heaven” identifies this with the Old Testament, not with the church.
The “sharp sickle” indicates judgment. “Her grapes are fully ripe” conveys the thought of their being dry like raisins. This is a change of metaphor for the war of Armageddon, and this is the picture Isaiah gives: “Who is this that cometh from Edom, with dyed garments from Bozrah? this that is glorious in his apparel, traveling in the greatness of his strength? I that speak in righteousness, mighty to save. Wherefore art thou red in thine apparel, and thy garments like him that treadeth in the winevat? I have trodden the winepress alone; and of the people there was none with me: for I will tread them in mine anger, and trample them in my fury; and their blood shall be sprinkled upon my garments, and I will stain all my raiment. For the day of vengeance is in mine heart, and the year of my redeemed is come. And I looked, and there was none to help; and I wondered that there was none to uphold: therefore mine own arm brought salvation unto me; and my fury, it upheld me. And I will tread down the people in mine anger, and make them drunk in my fury, and I will bring down their strength to the earth” (Isa. 63:1–6).
This vivid picture is not of Christ at His first coming but of Christ when He returns in judgment. In Isaiah’s day men would get into the winepress barefooted to tread out the grapes. The red juice would spurt out of the ripe grapes and stain their garments. The picture in this verse is of spectators seeing that there is blood on our Lord’s beautiful garments as though He had trodden the winepress. When Christ came the first time, He shed His blood for them, but they have rejected it. Now He is trodding down the wicked, and it is their blood that is shed. He will gather them, as we will see in Revelation 16:16, “into a place called in the Hebrew tongue Armageddon.” It is not a single battle but a war—the war of Armageddon (Heb.: Har-Megiddon).
Notice in this passage from Isaiah’s prophecy that He is seen treading the winepress alone. It is positively terrifying. Little wonder that the men of this earth will cry to the rocks to fall upon them and hide them from the wrath of the Lamb. This will be the sad end of that civilization which at the Tower of Babel demonstrated an active rebellion against God, a rebellion which has been mounting like a mighty crescendo ever since and will break in all of its fury during the Great Tribulation Period. As we will see when we come to chapter 19, when Christ comes He will put down that rebellion against God in order to establish His kingdom here upon the earth. He will (in the language of Psalm 2) “break them with a rod of iron” and “dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel.”
You see, the “gentle Jesus” who wouldn’t swat a fly, whom we have heard so much about, is just not the Jesus of the Word of God. The Lord Jesus Christ is the Savior of the world, but He is also the Judge of all the world. If you do not accept His blood shed for you, then if the Great Tribulation Period comes during your lifetime, your blood will be shed.
My feeling is that no careful study of the Word of God would lead any person of reasonable intelligence to believe that the church is going through this awful period. Folk who want to push the church into the Great Tribulation seem to think that it will be no more unpleasant than a trip to the dentist to get a tooth pulled. Such a trip is not pleasant; no one enjoys having a tooth pulled, but it can he endured. My friend, if that is in your thinking, you just haven’t seen what the Tribulation really will be. Isaiah gives us another picture of it: “Come near, ye nations, to hear; and hearken, ye people: let the earth hear, and all that is therein; the world, and all things that come forth of it. For the indignation of the Lord is upon all nations, and his fury upon all their armies: he hath utterly destroyed them, he hath delivered them to the slaughter. Their slain also shall be cast out, and their stink shall come up out of their carcases, and the mountains shall be melted with their blood…. The sword of the Lord is filled with blood, it is made fat with fatness, and with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of the kidneys of rams: for the Lord hath a sacrifice in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Idumea” (Isa. 34:1–3, 6).
What a picture this is! The precious blood of the Lamb having been rejected, the blood of those who defied God and followed and worshiped the Beast bathes the earth. It is frightful. As a ripe grape is mashed and the juice flies in every direction, so will little man fall into the vat of God’s judgment. This is Armageddon—the mount of slaughter.[34]
Revelation 14:19
And the angel thrust in his sickle into the earth, and gathered the vine of the earth, and cast it into the great winepress of the wrath of God.
There are several vine idioms, the grape harvest is often the idiom for the Day of the Lord (Joel 3:13).
Israel was God’s vine, planted in the land to bear fruit for God’s glory, but failed and had to be cut down (Ps 80:8-16; Isa 5:1-7; Mt 21:3-46).
Don’t confuse this with Christ as the True Vine and the believers are branches in Him (Ps 80:8; Jn 15). Also, the Menorah appears to portray this light bearing.
The angel that came out of the heavenly sanctuary swings his sickle and gathers the entire vine of the earth and throws it into the “great winepress of the wrath of God.” From this point on, there is no more opportunity for salvation. This is the judgment that must come before there can be the restoration and blessings of the millennial kingdom.
Revelation 14:20
And the winepress was trodden without the city, and blood came out of the winepress, even unto the horse bridles, by the space of a thousand and six hundred furlongs.
Four feet deep.
[thousand and six hundred furlongs] About 184 miles. 1,600 furlongs = 184 miles (Megiddo to Bozrah, which is 20 mi SE Dead Sea). A furlong (σταδιον, Gk.) is one-eighth of a mile
[even unto the horse bridles] It may be unlikely that the scene witnessed by John was one of the horses actually standing in blood up to their bridles, even though such hyperbole (extreme exaggeration) may be used in apocalyptic literature. Others explain this image as blood spatter that streaks as high as horses’ bridles. Either image is one of great violence, and if it spans 180 miles, it seems that such a battle is unprecedented in human history.
This will be explored in more detail in Chapter 19.
Since Jesus was crucified outside the walls of Jerusalem, this great scene of judgment is pictured there. (Joel 3:12-14; Zechariah 14:1-4; John 19:20; Hebrews 13:12)
We tend to think of nuclear weapons. The 70,000 extinguished at Hiroshima pales before the 125,000 killed by firearms and bayonets at Iwo Jima earlier that same year. We also forget our own bloody Civil War, which was so vast and terrible that it consumed more
American lives than World War I and II, Korea, and Vietnam combined, all with merely bayonets, firearms, and cannonballs.
Psalm 45:3-7 is also a prediction of this. It is strange that Israel in its present state does not believe its own Scriptures. It is ironic that many Jews are atheists (a contradiction of terms!). An agnostic Jew: one who knows what the God he doesn’t believe in requires of him.
(Psa. 45:3-7) 3Gird thy sword upon thy thigh, O most mighty, with thy glory and thy majesty. 4And in thy majesty ride prosperously because of truth and meekness and righteousness; and thy right hand shall teach thee terrible things. 5Thine arrows are sharp in the heart of the king’s enemies; whereby the people fall under thee. 6Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: the sceptre of thy kingdom is a right sceptre. 7Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness: therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.
Denying the God of the Old Testament, and the relevance of the Scriptures to their own destiny, This wine pressing is a judgment for apostasy, which Jeremiah 30 calls “the time of Jacob’s Trouble.”
We need make no apology for this. Sin is an awful thing. Sin is in the world. You and I are sinners. Christ is the only remedy for us. This judgment will inevitably come upon Christ-rejecters. No one will go to hell for the sins they committed.
Those who think that the Church is going through the Great Tribulation (The Great Day of God’s Wrath) understand neither the nature of the Church, nor the nature of the Tribulation. They underestimate both.
Before that morning dawns, the long night of the human race will grow darker. Much darker. This chapter was just a prelude to the bowls that are coming in the next two chapters. In concluding this chapter, we must stress that the prediction that Christ will bring judgment on the earth comes only after three angelic warnings: (1) in the preaching of the everlasting gospel, (2) in the warning that the Babylonian religion will eventually be destroyed, and (3) in the assurance that the worshipers of Antichrist will be judged in this life and in the life to come.
Outside the city of Jerusalem, in the valley of Y’hoshafat (the name means “God judges”), mentioned in Joel 4:2, 12(3:2, 12). Jewish authorities understand this as Kidron Valley (Yn 18:1) or the Hinnom Valley (see 10b–11, Mt 5:22N).
Blood flowed … as high as the horses’ bridles for two hundred miles. Compare the Midrash Rabbah:
“They [the Romans under Hadrian] slew the inhabitants [of Betar, after Bar-Kosiba, its defender, had been killed] until the horses waded in blood up to the nostrils, and the blood rolled along stones of the size of forty se˒ah and flowed into the sea a distance of four miles.” Lamentations Rabbah 2:2:4.[35]
McGee: “Without the city” means outside of Jerusalem.
“Unto the bridles of the horses” means about four feet deep.
“A thousand and six hundred furlongs” is about 185 miles, and that is the distance from Dan to Beer-sheba. All of Palestine is the scene of this final war which ends in what is called Armageddon. It is a campaign beginning, about the middle of the Great Tribulation and is concluded by the personal return of Christ to the earth. Psalm 45:3–7 is an Old Testament prediction of this: “Gird thy sword upon thy thigh, O most mighty, with thy glory and thy majesty. And in thy majesty ride prosperously because of truth and meekness and righteousness; and thy right hand shall teach thee terrible things. Thine arrows are sharp in the heart of the king’s enemies; whereby the people fall under thee. Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: the sceptre of thy kingdom is a right sceptre. Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness: therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.” Psalm 45 is a messianic psalm.
Let me make it clear that I make no apology for these scenes of judgment. God has not asked me to apologize for His Word. He has told me to give it out. We need to face up to the facts:
1. Sin is an awful thing.
2. Sin is in the world.
3. You and I are sinners. The only remedy for sin is the redemption Christ offered when He shed His blood on the cross and paid the penalty for our sins.
4. You and I merit the judgment of God. Our only escape is to accept the work of Christ for us on Calvary’s cross. The Bible asks a question that even God cannot answer: “How shall we escape, if we neglect so great salvation? …” (Heb. 2:3). Escape what? Escape judgment—the Tribulation is judgment. The way out is to accept Christ. Call it an escape mechanism if you want to; but, my friend, when the house is on fire, I’ll go out a window or any other way that is an escape. This judgment must inevitably come on Christ-rejectors. Mankind has rejected Him, trodden under foot the Son of God, and counted the blood of the covenant as an unholy thing. If God is just (and He is) there will be judgment. The generation of today needs to hear this. Instead of being given this, they are offered endless little methods of living the Christian life. My friend, there is nothing that will straighten out your life like knowing that our God is a holy God, that the Lord Jesus Christ is righteous, and that He is not going to tolerate sin in your life.
And this same concept should be taught to our children. I am heartened to see that some psychologists are returning to this position. My friend, the problem with your little Willie is that he is a mean little brat and should be turned across your knee and spanked instead of being treated as a cross between a piece of Dresden china and an orchid. As someone has well said, the board of education should be applied to the seat of learning.
Before we leave this chapter, I would like to draw your attention again to the viewpoint which is abroad concerning the church’s going through the Great Tribulation Period. I have an article from a magazine that presents this viewpoint. The author of the article is a layman, and yet he has the audacity to write the following:
There is a shallow Christianity moving across our land. Those who do not have deep roots in Christ shrink from the idea that God would test His people with the Tribulation, or that He would use suffering to help the church make herself ready as a Bride for Christ. Very clearly, though, suffering is the pathway to glory. We are called to it. Why? “Because Christ also suffered, leaving us an example that we should follow in His steps.” As a result of this thinking, I no longer teach Christians they will not have to go through the Tribulation. Maybe they won’t, but I can do more for them by preparing them to face testing in His name than by teaching them that the Lord is going to rapture them out of the hour of trial.
In his article this layman also says, “There is a tremendous growth in that person who puts on the whole armor of God, that he may be able to withstand in the evil day.” My friend, I want you to know that the Great Tribulation is not called the “evil day.” It is called the great day of God’s wrath. That is how the Tribulation is described in the Bible. I don’t know how anyone could read and study the Book of Revelation and believe that going through the Great Tribulation would purify the church or that the bride has to make herself ready! What do you think Christ did when He died on the cross? He made us ready there. We can never become worthy to enter into the presence of God. We are going to enter His presence “in Christ,” and you can’t add anything to that. You can’t equate the hour of trial with the great day of the wrath of God that is going to come on this earth. The church will be delivered from that. The Book of Revelation has made that clear. The 144,000 have already been identified for us as Israelites, and even the tribes are identified for us, so there is no way in the world of saying that this group is the church; nor is that great company “which no man could number” the church, the bride of Christ (see Rev. 7:9).
We have seen that God was able to keep the 144,000 during the Great Tribulation. So it is not a question of whether God can keep the church in the Great Tribulation Period. Of course, He can keep the church if that is His will and plan. But, according to the Word of God, this is not His will and plan. The Lord Jesus said, “I am going to keep you from that hour that is coming on this earth,” from that terrible time of testing that is coming. I would like to put it like this: The church is not going through the Great Tribulation Period, but we are going through the little tribulation. All of us have troubles and trials, and I don’t know of a Christian who doesn’t have problems and difficulties. It seems like the more spiritually mature the saint of God is, the more he suffers. This is the method God uses to develop His children. We never become wonderful saints of God. We are just His little children, immature and undeveloped. When we come into His presence, we will be accepted because of what Christ has done for us, not because we have endured the Great Tribulation.
Another point to consider is that most of the church has already missed the Great Tribulation. For over nineteen hundred years believers have been going into the presence of Christ through the doorway of death. I hope you don’t believe that God is going to send them back to earth so they can go through the Great Tribulation Period! At best there will be only a small percentage of believers who are still alive when the time of tribulation comes upon the earth. The great majority of the church has already missed the Great Tribulation.
I have always had the impression that the folk who believe that the church will go through the Great Tribulation feel that our crowd needs it, and specifically that I need it, that I deserve to go through it. Well, I agree that I do deserve it, and I also deserve hell. But I’m not going to hell because Christ bore it for me, and I have trusted in Him. Neither am I going through the Great Tribulation. Why? Because Christ died for me, and He saves me by His grace. Isn’t the One who says that He is rich in grace able to deliver me out of the Great Tribulation?
It is true that God allows us to go through the little tribulation of this life. After having cancer and several major operations, I feel as if I have been through the little tribulation period. And it is by this method that God refines us and purifies us. A preacher friend said to me recently, “I can tell a difference in your ministry since you have gone through those illnesses.” I trust that he is correct in that. I know God allowed it for a purpose.
When I read the article by the brother who thinks the church should go through the Great Tribulation, I wondered if he had ever really suffered for Christ. A preacher friend of mine who holds this view was discussing it as we were having lunch together one day. As he was eating a T-bone steak, he talked as nonchalantly about the Great Tribulation as if it would not be any worse than the church wading through a river or enduring a very hot summer or experiencing an energy shortage. He apparently did not think of it as being the terrible time which is depicted in the Book of Revelation. Is God misrepresenting the facts to us? Is He just trying to scare us?
Well, my friend, there are places in this book where God uses symbols. Do you know why He uses symbols? He doesn’t do it in order to evaporate the facts so that we can dismiss them, but because the reality which the symbol represents is lots worse than the symbol. Many of the things which John tries to describe to us beggar description. Even God cannot communicate some of them to us—not because He is not able, but because we are dull of hearing, as He has told us. We don’t always understand. I am afraid that a great many folk just do not realize that the Great Tribulation is a terrible thing, and it is miraculous that the 144,000 will come through it. He won’t lose one of them. Why? Because they will be big, strong, robust fellows? No. They will overcome by the blood of the Lamb. That’s how they will do it.[36]
The Doctrine of Endless Punishment
Salvation supposes a prior damnation. In order to escape danger, one must believe in it.
No error is more fatal than that of Universalism. It blots out the attribute of retributive justice; it transmutes sin into misfortune; turns all suffering into chastisement; relegates the sacrifice of Christ into simply moral influence; and makes it a debt due to man, instead of an unmerited boon from God. Throughout the Bible, we see God’s love and grace freely available to all who will accept it. The entire Bible is a record of the extremes He has gone to in order to allow us to avoid the destiny of our fallen state.
People respond, “No, God, I do not want to love you. I want to run things my own way.”
God has three alternatives when confronted with such human rebellion:
1. He can indulge it and allow it to go on forever. But in that case all the cruelty, injustice, hatred, pain, and death that now prevails on the earth will go on forever, too. God does not want that and neither does man.
2. God can force man to obey and control the human race as if it were an assemblage of automata. However, removing our free will would also take away our capacity to give our love to God freely. Love cannot be forced.
3. God’s only real choice: He must withdraw Himself from those who refuse His love. He must let them have their own way forever. Since God is necessary for our existence, the decision to reject God is a decision to plunge ourselves into the most terrible sense of loneliness and isolation a human being can know, and to endure this eternally, without any hope.
Physical death is the separation of the soul from the body. Spiritual death is the separation of the soul from God Himself.
Ultimately:
It is we ourselves who choose whether God will judge us.
It is we ourselves who decide either to accept or refuse His grace, love, and forgiveness.
It is we ourselves who choose everlasting life, or everlasting death.
Carl F.H. Henry: “The final chapter of human history is solely God’s decision, and even now He is everywhere active in grace or judgment. Never in all history have men spoken so much of end-time, yet been so shrouded in ignorance of God’s impending doomsday.”
Van Impe: This final scene of Revelation 14 describes the work of two angels. The one with a sharp sickle comes from the temple in heaven, while the other with power over fire emerges from the altar. The one in command is the angel from the altar. He immediately orders that the vine be cut off and cast into the great winepress of the wrath of God. Since true children of God are branches of the vine (see John 15:5), the members of the one-world church of the Antichrist and false prophet are called members of Satan's vine. The time of their pruning or destruction has arrived at last, and they are cut off and cast into the great winepress of God's indignation.
Oh, what a purging of branches takes place during this hour! The conflict begins in the Valley of Jehoshaphat and becomes centered in the Valley of Jezreel, which is on the plain of Esdraelon near the hill of Megiddo (chapter 16, verse 16). I will also gather all nations, and will bring them down into the valley of Jehoshaphat, and will plead with them there for my people and for my heritage Israel, whom they have scattered among the nations, and parted my land. Beat your plowshares into swords, and your pruninghooks into spears: let the weak say, I am strong. Assemble yourselves, and come, all ye heathen, and gather yourselves together round about: thither cause thy mighty ones to come down, O Lord. Let the heathen be wakened, and come up to the valley of Jehoshaphat: for there will I sit to judge all the heathen round about. Put ye in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe: come, get you down: for the press is full, the vats overflow; for their wickedness is great. Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision: for the day of the Lord is near in the valley of decision (Joel 3:2,10-14). Eventually the battle encompasses the entire nation of Israel and is, of course, global in involvement as the armies of the world meet in the Middle East for the final holocaust of history-the Battle of Armageddon (see Zechariah 14:2).
The result is a 200-mile-long area soaked with blood, (one thousand six hundred furlongs, in American mathematics, is a distance of 200 miles.) Interestingly, the nation of Israel is 200 miles long, from north to south. According to Ezekiel 39:8-16, seven months will be required to bury the dead and the armaments of war will be burned for seven years afterward! The tense Middle East situation certainly signals the return of Christ.
In light of the unprecedented devastation just described, a few additional thoughts are appropriate at this time. First of all, when the Soviet Union, under the names Gog, Magog, Mechech, Tubal, and Rosh, invades Israel, the largest armies in the history of the world will converge on the Middle East. Ezekiel states that they will come up like a cloud (see Ezekiel 38:16). John tells us that the number of the army of the horsemen [is] two hundred thousand thousand- or two hundred million (chapter 9, verse 16). No wonder the conflict is so incredible.
Secondly, the weapons are the deadliest ever used in the history of mankind. A fire goeth before him (Psalm 97:3). For, behold, the Lord will come with fire (Isaiah 66:15). The flaming flame shall not be quenched (Ezekiel 20:47). A fire devoureth before them (Joel 2:3). Who? The northern army from Russia that is driven back to Siberia. Hear God's statement: But I will remove far off from you the northern army, and will drive him into a land barren and desolate, with his face toward the east sea, and his hinder part toward the utmost sea, and his stink shall come up, and his ill savour shall come up, because he hath done great things (Joel 2:20).
The retreat is effectual in Joel 2:30, for the prophet states: And I [saw] wonders in the heavens and in the earth, blood, and fire, and pillars [or literally columns] of smoke. These are the exact characteristics of a nuclear blast! The whole land shall be devoured by the fire of his jealousy (Zephaniah 1:18). For, behold, the day cometh, that shall burn as an oven (Malachi 4:1). Now we understand why the nation of Israel will be drenched with blood. No wonder Jeremiah 30:7 says, Alas! for that day is great, so that none is like it. Daniel 12:1 adds, There shall be a time of trouble, such as never was. This time is so horrendous that there will never have been anything like it in the past nor shall there be anything like it again in the future. Jesus agreed. He said in Matthew 24:21, For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be. Revelation 9:18 adds, By these three was the third part of men killed, by the fire, and by the smoke, and by the brimstone, which issued out of their mouths.
Finally Russia is going to be smashed in the Middle East. Proof: Therefore, thou son of man, prophesy against Gog, and say, Thus saith the Lord God; Behold, I am against thee, O Gog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal: And I will turn thee back, and leave but the sixth part of thee (Ezekiel 39:1,2). Later, the Battle of Armageddon will be fought and will assuredly become history's most terrifying holocaust. However, the good news is that, as a Christian, you will not be present-and if you are not yet a believer, you do not have to be present. So I plead with you to receive Christ without delay.[37]
Judgment Requires a Battle Hymn
In 1861, after a visit to a Union Army camp, Julia Ward Howe wrote the poem that came to be called "The Battle Hymn of the Republic." It was published in February, 1862, in The Atlantic Monthly.
Howe reported in her autobiography that she wrote the verses to meet a challenge by a friend, Rev. James Freeman Clarke. As an unofficial anthem, Union soldiers sang "John Brown's Body." Confederate soldiers sang it with their own version of the words. But Clarke thought that there should be more uplifting words to the tune.
Julia Ward Howe: I awoke in the grey of the morning, and as I lay waiting for dawn, the long lines of the desired poem began to entwine themselves in my mind, and I said to myself, “I must get up and write these verses, lest I fall asleep and forget them!” So I sprang out of bed and in the dimness found an old stump of a pen, which I remembered using the day before. I scrawled the verses almost without looking at the paper.
It was sung at the funerals of British statesman Winston Churchill, American senator Robert Kennedy, and American presidents Ronald Reagan and Richard Nixon.
The words as published in the February, 1862, issue of The Atlantic Monthly are slightly different from her original manuscript version as documented in her Reminiscences 1819-1899, published in 1899. Later versions have been adapted to more modern usage and to the theological inclinations of the groups using the song.
First Published Version
Here is "Battle Hymn of the Republic" as written by Julia Ward Howe when she published it in February, 1862, in the Atlantic Monthly:
Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord:
He is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored;
He hath loosed the fateful lightning of His terrible swift sword:
His truth is marching on.
I have seen Him in the watch-fires of a hundred circling camps,
They have builded Him an altar in the evening dews and damps;
I can read His righteous sentence by the dim and flaring lamps:
His day is marching on.
I have read a fiery gospel writ in burnished rows of steel:
"As ye deal with my contemners, so with you my grace shall deal;
Let the Hero, born of woman, crush the serpent with his heel,
Since God is marching on."
He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat;
He is sifting out the hearts of men before His judgment-seat:
Oh, be swift, my soul, to answer Him! be jubilant, my feet!
Our God is marching on.
In the beauty of the lilies Christ was born across the sea,
With a glory in his bosom that transfigures you and me:
As he died to make men holy, let us die to make men free,
While God is marching on.
Later version also had this verse:
He is coming like the glory of the morning on the wave,
He is wisdom to the mighty, He is honor to the brave;
So the world shall be His footstool, and the soul of wrong His slave,
Our God is marching on.
Old Testament References:
14:1 Ps 2:6; Ezek 9:4
14:2 Ezek 1:24; 43:2
14:3 Ps 144:9
14:7 Ex 20:11
14:8 Isa 21:9; Jer 51:7-8
14:10 Gen 19:24; Ps 75:8; Isa 51:17
14:11 Isa 34:10; 66:24
14:14 Dan 7:13
14:18 Joel 3:13
14:19 Isa 63:1-6
14:20 Joel 3:13
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[1]McGee, J. V. (1997, c1981). Thru the Bible commentary. Based on the Thru the Bible radio program. (electronic ed.) (5:1005). Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
[2] Message of Hope from Dr. Jack Van Impe, Commentary on The Book of Revelation, Van Impe
OT New Testament
NT Old Testament
[3]Utley, R. J. D. (2001). Vol. Volume 12: Hope in Hard Times - The Final Curtain: Revelation. Study Guide Commentary Series (100). Marshall, Texas: Bible Lessons International.
[4] John F. Walvoord, The Revelation of Jesus Christ, Pg. 214
[5] Message of Hope from Dr. Jack Van Impe, Commentary on The Book of Revelation, Van Impe
[6]McGee, J. V. (1997, c1981). Thru the Bible commentary. Based on the Thru the Bible radio program. (electronic ed.) (5:1006). Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
[7]Stern, D. H. (1996, c1992). Jewish New Testament Commentary : A companion volume to the Jewish New Testament (electronic ed.) (Re 14:1). Clarksville: Jewish New Testament Publications.
[8] Message of Hope from Dr. Jack Van Impe, Commentary on The Book of Revelation, Van Impe
[9] Message of Hope from Dr. Jack Van Impe, Commentary on The Book of Revelation, Van Impe
[10]McGee, J. V. (1997, c1981). Thru the Bible commentary. Based on the Thru the Bible radio program. (electronic ed.) (5:1006). Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
[11] Message of Hope from Dr. Jack Van Impe, Commentary on The Book of Revelation, Van Impe
[12]Stern, D. H. (1996, c1992). Jewish New Testament Commentary : A companion volume to the Jewish New Testament (electronic ed.) (Re 14:4). Clarksville: Jewish New Testament tament Publications.
Essenes *Essenes. A strict group of pietists, some of whom withdrew into the wilderness as monastics. The Dead Sea Scrolls are probably from one group of Essenes.
[13]Keener, C. S., & InterVarsity Press. (1993). The IVP Bible background commentary : New Testament (Re 14:4). Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press.
[14] Message of Hope from Dr. Jack Van Impe, Commentary on The Book of Revelation, Van Impe
[15]McGee, J. V. (1997, c1981). Thru the Bible commentary. Based on the Thru the Bible radio program. (electronic ed.) (5:1007). Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
[16]Stern, D. H. (1996, c1992). Jewish New Testament Commentary : A companion volume to the Jewish New Testament (electronic ed.) (Re 14:5). Clarksville: Jewish New Testament Publications.
[17]Keener, C. S., & InterVarsity Press. (1993). The IVP Bible background commentary : New Testament (Re 14:5). Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press.
[18] Message of Hope from Dr. Jack Van Impe, Commentary on The Book of Revelation, Van Impe
[19]McGee, J. V. (1997, c1981). Thru the Bible commentary. Based on the Thru the Bible radio program. (electronic ed.) (5:1008). Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
[20] Message of Hope from Dr. Jack Van Impe, Commentary on The Book of Revelation, Van Impe
[21]McGee, J. V. (1997, c1981). Thru the Bible commentary. Based on the Thru the Bible radio program. (electronic ed.) (5:1009). Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
[22]Stern, D. H. (1996, c1992). Jewish New Testament Commentary : A companion volume to the Jewish New Testament (electronic ed.) (Re 14:8). Clarksville: Jewish New Testament Publications.
[23]Stern, D. H. (1996, c1992). Jewish New Testament Commentary : A companion volume to the Jewish New Testament (electronic ed.) (Re 14:10). Clarksville: Jewish New Testament Publications.
[24] Message of Hope from Dr. Jack Van Impe, Commentary on The Book of Revelation, Van Impe
[25]Stern, D. H. (1996, c1992). Jewish New Testament Commentary : A companion volume to the Jewish New Testament (electronic ed.) (Re 14:10). Clarksville: Jewish New Testament Publications.
[26]McGee, J. V. (1997, c1981). Thru the Bible commentary. Based on the Thru the Bible radio program. (electronic ed.) (5:1010). Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
[27] Message of Hope from Dr. Jack Van Impe, Commentary on The Book of Revelation, Van Impe
[28]McGee, J. V. (1997, c1981). Thru the Bible commentary. Based on the Thru the Bible radio program. (electronic ed.) (5:1011). Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
[29]Stern, D. H. (1996, c1992). Jewish New Testament Commentary : A companion volume to the Jewish New Testament (electronic ed.) (Re 14:13). Clarksville: Jewish New Testament Publications.
[30]Stern, D. H. (1996, c1992). Jewish New Testament Commentary : A companion volume to the Jewish New Testament (electronic ed.) (Re 14:14). Clarksville: Jewish New Testament Publications.
[31] Message of Hope from Dr. Jack Van Impe, Commentary on The Book of Revelation, Van Impe
[32]McGee, J. V. (1997, c1981). Thru the Bible commentary. Based on the Thru the Bible radio program. (electronic ed.) (5:1011). Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
[33]McGee, J. V. (1997, c1981). Thru the Bible commentary. Based on the Thru the Bible radio program. (electronic ed.) (5:1012). Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
[34]McGee, J. V. (1997, c1981). Thru the Bible commentary. Based on the Thru the Bible radio program. (electronic ed.) (5:1012). Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
[35]Stern, D. H. (1996, c1992). Jewish New Testament Commentary : A companion volume to the Jewish New Testament (electronic ed.) (Re 14:20). Clarksville: Jewish New Testament Publications.
[36]McGee, J. V. (1997, c1981). Thru the Bible commentary. Based on the Thru the Bible radio program. (electronic ed.) (5:1014). Nashville: Thomas Nelson.
[37] A Message of Hope from Dr. Jack Van Impe, Commentary on The Book of Revelation, Van Impe
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