Textbook Guided Reading – Students will answer a series of ...



Mr. Sullivan Name _______________________

AP World History Date ___________________

Textbook Guided Reading POD 7 Golden Age of Islam Period ________

Directions: Please complete these questions as a means to BEGIN studying and preparing for the upcoming POD test. It is your responsibility to complete this task by the due date. You may wish to refer to your class notes and materials, as well as your textbook for assistance in the completion of this task.

All answers should be placed on the answer worksheet below

Each Question is worth 1 point

|Ques|Answer |

|tion| |

|b. |there was decreased emphasis on wheeled vehicles by the sixth century. |

|c. |they caused disintegration of the internal road structure because it was no longer necessary. |

|d. |they had sustainability in the desert environs. |

|e. |they were very strong pack animals. |

REF: p. 233

2. The Sasanid Empire was centered in the area that is present-day

|a. |Lebanon. |

|b. |Egypt. |

|c. |Afghanistan. |

|d. |India. |

|e. |Iran. |

REF: p. 230

3. What did the Sasanid and Byzantine Empires have in common?

|a. |dependence on camels |

|b. |a shared distaste for Christianity. |

|c. |central control of imperial finances. |

|d. |a military emphasis on cavalry |

|e. |societal unrest because of religious heterogeneity. |

REF: p. 231

4. The Sasanid Empire benefited from its location along the Silk Road. Some of the agricultural goods that it gained were

|a. |wheat, jute, and coffee beans. |

|b. |mangoes, bananas, and spelt. |

|c. |oats, quinoa, and manioc. |

|d. |sugar, wheat, and figs. |

|e. |cotton, sugar, and rice. |

REF: p. 231

5. The establishment of Zoroastrianism and Christianity as official faiths in the Byzantine and Sasanid Empires set the precedent for what future event?

|a. |The rise of Islam as the focus of an empire |

|b. |The dominance of monotheism in all subsequent empires |

|c. |The rejection of religion as an official political focus |

|d. |The rise of corrupt leadership in those empires |

|e. |The worldwide spread of Christianity |

REF: p. 231

6. Religious conflicts in the Byzantine Empire resulted in treatment of Nestorian Christians as

|a. |holy, seeking the recovery of the holy lands through crusades. |

|b. |heretics, seeking refuge under the Sasanid shah. |

|c. |monks, seeking the true meaning of life in vows of poverty and chastity. |

|d. |converts to new faiths to avoid taxation. |

|e. |outcasts from society who were unable to find jobs. |

REF: p. 232

7. Manichaeism is a faith derived from Zoroastrianism and is founded on the idea that

|a. |Jesus is the Savior. |

|b. |Muhammad is the Prophet. |

|c. |there is a cosmic struggle between good and evil. |

|d. |the universe is in cosmic balance. |

|e. |people must attune themselves to nature. |

REF: p. 232

8. The Arabs' involvement in Byzantine and Sasanid conflicts led to

|a. |the conversion of Arab nomads to Manichaeism. |

|b. |peaceful coexistence of Jews and animists in Yemen. |

|c. |several religious wars between Arabs and Nestorians. |

|d. |the penetration of Christian knowledge into the Arabian peninsula. |

|e. |the passage of several laws protecting Jews from violence. |

REF: p. 232

9. Most subjects of both Byzantine and Sasanid rulers found common identity in

|a. |language. |

|b. |religion. |

|c. |commerce. |

|d. |occupations. |

|e. |family kin groups. |

REF: p. 232

10. The traditional occupation on the Arabian peninsula was

|a. |farming. |

|b. |trade caravans. |

|c. |pastoral nomadism. |

|d. |artisans |

|e. |self-sufficient religious sects. |

REF: p. 232

11. Mecca is an important city because it.

|a. |has an unusually cold climate for the Arabian peninsula. |

|b. |is a caravan city and pilgrimage site of the Ka'ba. |

|c. |is the rival city to Jerusalem. |

|d. |is abundantly watered and needs no irrigation for crops. |

|e. |is the birthplace of Abraham. |

REF: p. 233

12. Muhammad conceived Islam after

|a. |experiencing revelations. |

|b. |dreaming about Ishmael from the Old Testament. |

|c. |many years of religious study in a mosque. |

|d. |being possessed by a shaitan. |

|e. |reading the Bible. |

REF: p. 234

13. Muslim means

|a. |first followers. |

|b. |the one true religion. |

|c. |holy people. |

|d. |one who makes submission. |

|e. |chosen for purity. |

REF: p. 234

14. Islam means

|a. |surrender to the will of God. |

|b. |the one true religion. |

|c. |the true belief. |

|d. |leader of God's people. |

|e. |the Chosen People. |

REF: p. 234

15. Muhammad's teachings built upon the beliefs of

|a. |Judaism and Buddhism. |

|b. |Judaism and Hinduism. |

|c. |Judaism and Christianity. |

|d. |Judaism and Zoroastrianism. |

|e. |Judaism and Manichaeism. |

REF: p. 234

16. Why did Muhammad leave Mecca for Medina (hijra)?

|a. |He sought more followers in the north. |

|b. |One of his visions commanded him to. |

|c. |Meccan leaders were threatened by his popularity. |

|d. |Muhammad's wife had family in Medina. |

|e. |Theology argued that Abraham had lived in the north. |

REF: p. 235

17. The unified community that accepted Islam and believed that Muhammad was the "Messenger of God" was called the

|a. |jihad. |

|b. |hijra. |

|c. |shaitan. |

|d. |ka'ba. |

|e. |umma. |

REF: p. 235

18. After the city of Mecca surrendered to Muhammad, he established a new state based on a

|a. |democratic government system. |

|b. |dynastic system with his sons as the monarchs. |

|c. |government system similar to the Persian administration. |

|d. |common religious faith. |

|e. |loose coalition of Arab city-states. |

REF: p. 255

19. Why was the direction of prayer focused on Mecca?

|a. |because Mecca is the site of the Ka'ba. |

|b. |because that is where Mohammad had his revelations. |

|c. |that is where Mohammad was buried. |

|d. |because it is 180 degrees opposite of Jerusalem |

|e. |because it was believed to be the site where Abraham made his covenant with God. |

REF: p. 235

20. After Muhammad's death, the Muslim community

|a. |held general elections to replace Muhammad. |

|b. |abandoned the orthodox teachings of Islam. |

|c. |chose a caliph, Abu Bakr. |

|d. |searched the entire peninsula for a suitable successor, according to Muhammad's last instructions. |

|e. |embraced his wife, Khadija, as his successor. |

REF: p. 235

21. Muslim religious practice is based on the

|a. |Three Goals to Salvation. |

|b. |Ten Commandments. |

|c. |Eightfold Path. |

|d. |Four Noble Truths. |

|e. |Five Pillars. |

REF: p. 235

22. Muhammad's revelations from the angel are compiled in a book called

|a. |the Hadith. |

|b. |the Third Testament. |

|c. |the Quran. |

|d. |the Ka'ba. |

|e. |the Revelations. |

REF: p. 235

23. The subsequent split of supporters to different caliphs, or successors, divided the umma into

|a. |Shi'ites and Sunnis. |

|b. |Sunnis and Sufis. |

|c. |Mobad and Quran. |

|d. |Shi'a and Mobad. |

|e. |Hadj and Sunni. |

REF: p. 236

24. The Muslims fought the Battle of the Camel in a dispute over the

|a. |Nestorian control of Yemenite lands. |

|b. |appointment of Abu Bakr. |

|c. |control of the royal treasury. |

|d. |legitimacy of Ali as caliph. |

|e. |compilation of the Quran. |

REF: p. 236

25. Why is the martyrdom of Husayn a significant event in Muslim history?

|a. |It marks the anniversary of Jesus's crucifixion. |

|b. |It marks the beginning of Muslim expansion. |

|c. |It marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. |

|d. |It marks the end of the Muslim expansion. |

|e. |It marks the beginning of the sect of Shi'ism. |

REF: p. 236

26. The founder of the Umayyad Caliphate was

|a. |Yazid, son of Mu'awiya. |

|b. |Hasan, son of Ali. |

|c. |Husayn, brother of Hasan. |

|d. |Ali, cousin to Muhammad. |

|e. |Uthman, brother-in-law to Muhammad. |

REF: p. 236

27. Which of the following areas was not brought under Muslim control under the leadership of the caliphs?

|a. |Egypt and North Africa |

|b. |Syria |

|c. |Spain |

|d. |Eastern Europe |

|e. |The Indus Valley |

REF: p. 237

28. The first caliphate to begin expansion outside of Arabia was:

|a. |Abu-Bakr |

|b. |Ali |

|c. |Umar |

|d. |Uthman |

|e. |Yazid |

REF: p. 237

29. The capital of the Umayyad caliphate was in

|a. |Damascus |

|b. |Ephesus |

|c. |Antioch |

|d. |Bagdad |

|e. |Mecca. |

REF: p. 237

30. The decline of the Umayyad dynasty was due to

|a. |scandals involving the morality of the caliphs. |

|b. |growing unrest among non-Arab Muslims, who demanded access to political power. |

|c. |a peasant revolt over increases in taxes and decreases in wages. |

|d. |the arrival of a Jewish messiah. |

|e. |lack of a competent heir. |

REF: p. 237

31. Why is the Abbasid rule considered a "golden age"?

|a. |It created a refined and cosmopolitan culture in Baghdad. |

|b. |The Spanish region was considered the golden frontier. |

|c. |It used gold as the standard coinage throughout the empire. |

|d. |It used the golden cow as the focus of religious worship. |

|e. |It is marked by the rule of the "golden" monarch, Abu Bakr. |

REF: p. 238

32. Despite the fact that conversions to Islam were at their peak, Abbasid power declined because

|a. |there were constant revolts of non-Muslims against forced conversion. |

|b. |the empire had to resist nomadic pressures on the frontier. |

|c. |the empire had become too big to rule effectively. |

|d. |new religious practices developed that challenged the appeal of Islam. |

|e. |there were frequent religious wars between the Sunnis and Shi'ites. |

REF: p. 238

33. After failing to reform the government and military, the Abbasid Caliphate fell under the influence of the

|a. |Ali family of Cairo. |

|b. |Umayyad family of Damascus. |

|c. |Buyid family of northern Iran. |

|d. |Husan family of Medina. |

|e. |Suarez family of Spain. |

REF: p. 238-239

34. Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic culture because of the

|a. |growing influence of Russian and Frankish traditions in Spain. |

|b. |decrease in Arab power combined with a growing Christian influence. |

|c. |Viking invasions of the ninth century. |

|d. |blending of Roman, Germanic, Jewish, Arab, and Berber traditions. |

|e. |blending of Islam with Roman traditions and Visigoth culture. |

REF: p. 240

35. Why did the rulers of al-Andalus Spain finally take the title of caliph in 929?

|a. |The growing number of converts to Islam demanded it. |

|b. |They had finally solidified control of the region. |

|c. |The Fatimids in Tunisia did. |

|d. |Christians in northern Spain threatened invasion. |

|e. |They never did. |

REF: p. 241

36. Under Islamic leadership, the Jewish people of Spain

|a. |experienced widespread discrimination. |

|b. |were frequently arrested and persecuted. |

|c. |contributed to the cultural growth of Spain as great thinkers and writers. |

|d. |experienced a diaspora to eastern Europe. |

|e. |passed laws ensuring the ascension of Jews to the Spanish throne. |

REF: p. 241

37. The ulama were

|a. |government officials. |

|b. |outcasts. |

|c. |religious scholars. |

|d. |rural leaders. |

|e. |a hired foreign military force. |

REF: p. 241

38. Which of the following statements is not true about the rule of the Seljuk Empire?

|a. |They ruled the Middle East during the First Crusade. |

|b. |Mesopotamia grew in population and influence. |

|c. |Irrigation and canal systems fell into disrepair during their rule. |

|d. |Seljuk leaders didn't get involved in internal religious fighting. |

|e. |Cities shrank and lost population during their rule. |

REF: p. 242

39. Byzantine power was significantly diminished by the Seljuks with

|a. |the Seljuk's alliance with the Mamluks. |

|b. |the Byzantine alliance with the Buyids. |

|c. |the Battle of Manzikert |

|d. |the failure of the First Crusade. |

|e. |the Schism of 1054 |

REF: p. 242

40. The foundation of Islamic civilization is the Shari'a, or

|a. |taxes. |

|b. |community. |

|c. |literature. |

|d. |philosophy. |

|e. |law. |

REF: p. 243

41. The great vision of the Shari'a is an umma with

|a. |a separate identity from Christians. |

|b. |a common monetary system and central taxation. |

|c. |a common history and literary base. |

|d. |common moral values, minimizing ethnic and political divisions. |

|e. |all members living in a unified, homogeneous Muslim state. |

REF: p. 244

42. What was the leading motivation for unification of the Muslims?

|a. |They wanted to destroy the Europeans and have complete control of a Muslim Mediterranean world. |

|b. |The Kurdish branch of the Zangi dynasty wanted control of the Silk Road. |

|c. |To fight against the Crusaders |

|d. |To make the Shari'a easier to follow |

|e. |To liberate Turkish soldiers in the Arab army |

REF: p. 242

43. Which of the following statements about Muslim women is not true?

|a. |They were permitted to divorce. |

|b. |They often played a role in public life. |

|c. |They were permitted to practice birth control. |

|d. |They were permitted to own property. |

|e. |They adopted the Byzantine and Sasanid custom of veiling. |

REF: p. 246

44. Sufism was significant in being a(n)

|a. |quest for a direct union with God through rituals and training. |

|b. |blending of Christian and Buddhist ideas into Islam. |

|c. |rejection of religious formalism. |

|d. |new doctrine that excluded the lower classes. |

|e. |attempt to convert more women to Islam. |

REF: p. 251

45. Which of the following is not true about the Crusades?

|a. |They were a series of religiously inspired campaigns. |

|b. |Prior to the Crusades, Muslim leaders generally protected Christian pilgrims. |

|c. |Economic forces such as the desire to increase trade and land hunger were contributing factors. |

|d. |The pope promised atonement from sins for the Crusaders. |

|e. |The Crusaders failed to capture Jerusalem. |

REF: p. 278

46. The Council of Clermont in 1095 brought

|a. |Pope Urban II's call for the First Crusade. |

|b. |an end to the Christian Crusades. |

|c. |a Christian-Islamic treaty at Jerusalem. |

|d. |official recognition of Jerusalem as the Holy Land. |

|e. |the end of the Great Schism that split the Christian church for fifty years. |

REF: p. 278

47. As a result of the Crusades, Europeans were exposed to all of the following except

|a. |Arabic translations of ancient Greek science and philosophy. |

|b. |access to a variety of classical Latin works, particularly those of Aristotle, heretofore unknown in western Europe. |

|c. |pasta, paper, and refined sugar. |

|d. |hard soap and colored glass. |

|e. |original thought-provoking works by Arab and Iranian writers. |

REF: p. 279

48. The conflict between the Il-khans and the Golden Horde originated in

|a. |economic differences. |

|b. |religious differences. |

|c. |cultural differences. |

|d. |philosophical differences. |

|e. |political differences. |

REF: p. 345

49. In 1295, the Il-khan ruler Ghazan converted to which religion?

|a. |Islam |

|b. |Judaism |

|c. |Christianity |

|d. |Buddhism |

|e. |Shinto |

REF: p. 346

50. In an attempt to repel non-Muslims in the Il-Khan and Crimean/Caucauses areas, the Golden Horde formed an alliance with:

|a. |Persian Muslims |

|b. |Egyptian Mamluks |

|c. |Seljuk Turks |

|d. |Byzantine (Ottoman) Janissary forces |

|e. |Buddhists in India |

REF: p. 345

51. Tax farming is

|a. |the payment of taxes solely by farmers. |

|b. |the sale of tax-collecting contracts to small corporations. |

|c. |the exemption granted to farmers from taxation. |

|d. |the growth of a new cash crop. |

|e. |the raising of crops on government land to pay for government expenses. |

REF: p. 346

52. Apparently envisioning himself as a new Genghis Khan, this ruler attacked the Muslim sultanate of Delhi in 1398:

|a. |Jagadai |

|b. |Ghazan |

|c. |Timur |

|d. |Juvaini |

|e. |Hülegü |

REF: p. 347

53. Why was there a cultural flowering in Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia under the Timurids?

|a. |The European style of the Renaissance reached Central Asia. |

|b. |The Dutch tulip was a cultural catalyst between the two societies. |

|c. |The Timurids were schooled in art in Italy. |

|d. |Egyptian artisans migrated throughout Central Asia and the Middle East. |

|e. |Iran and China shared artistic trends and political ideas. |

REF: p. 347

54. Who attempted to write the first world history?

|a. |The Abbasid caliph |

|b. |Marco Polo |

|c. |Ibn Battuta |

|d. |Ivan III |

|e. |Rashid al-Din |

REF: p. 347

55. The scholar Nasir al-Din Tusi was most notable for his contributions in

|a. |poetry written in Persian |

|b. |an encompassing world history |

|c. |translation of philosophy |

|d. |mathematical developments in algebra and trigonometry |

|e. |cartography |

REF: p. 348

56. A significant transmission and sharing of scientific knowledge was found in the form of

|a. |formulas for alchemical processes |

|b. |Uigher calendar calculations |

|c. |eclipse predictions and tables |

|d. |networked astronomical observatories |

|e. |a centralized library of shared knowledge at Tabriz |

REF: p. 349

57. The significant scientific discoveries of Islamic scholars were translated by

|a. |Arabic scholars. |

|b. |Byzantine monks into Greek. |

|c. |Christian scholars in Spain. |

|d. |Indian scholars in Delhi. |

|e. |all of these. |

REF: p. 349

58. In 1453, the Ottoman armies attacked Constantinople and brought an end to

|a. |Roman rule. |

|b. |Byzantine rule. |

|c. |Arab rule. |

|d. |Egyptian rule. |

|e. |Mongol rule. |

REF: p. 532

59. The sultan who presided over a "golden age" and the greatest Ottoman assault on Christian Europe was

|a. |Sultan Mehmet II. |

|b. |Mansa Musa. |

|c. |Suleiman the Magnificent. |

|d. |Babur. |

|e. |Akbar. |

REF: p. 532

60. Which Italian city-state became a commercial rival and military foe of the Ottoman Empire?

|a. |Venice |

|b. |Genoa |

|c. |Florence |

|d. |Rome |

|e. |Turin |

REF: p. 532

61. A new fourteenth-century Ottoman military resource was Christian prisoners of war, called

|a. |Janissaries. |

|b. |Knights of the Cross. |

|c. |Mamluks. |

|d. |Caspian slaves. |

|e. |Lollards. |

REF: p. 535

62. A significant weakness of the Ottoman Empire against the Portuguese was that the ottomans did not have:

|a. |Horses |

|b. |guns |

|c. |a large-scale navy |

|d. |trade connections |

|e. |any of these. |

REF: p. 533-534

63. The devshirme system involved

|a. |taking Christian children for government and military service. |

|b. |the forced conversion of Islamic children for military service. |

|c. |the strict segregation of children of different genders. |

|d. |female infanticide. |

|e. |child agricultural labor. |

REF: p. 535

64. Which European city did the Ottomans try, and fail, to conquer in 1529 and 1683?

|a. |Belgrade |

|b. |Kosovo |

|c. |Constantinople |

|d. |Vienna |

|e. |Dubrovnik |

REF: p. 532

65. The hybrid language spoken at court and by the "military" class was

|a. |Persian |

|b. |Farsi |

|c. |Arabic |

|d. |Osmanli |

|e. |Turkish |

REF: p. 535

66. The askeri class in the Ottoman Empire was the

|a. |noble class. |

|b. |military class. |

|c. |lower class. |

|d. |religious class. |

|e. |scholar class. |

REF: p. 535

67. Following a familiar principle in empires, the Ottomans made sure to appeal to the military with

|a. |land in exchange for service. |

|b. |tax exemptions. |

|c. |freedom to travel without restrictions. |

|d. |first pick of slaves conquered in war. |

|e. |provincial administrative posts. |

REF: p. 535

68. In governing his "flock" or raya, the sultan saw himself as

|a. |being the model of meekness and passivity. |

|b. |providing equality to the sexes. |

|c. |providing intellectual and scholastic leadership. |

|d. |providing equality to all citizens. |

|e. |providing justice and military protection. |

REF: p. 535

69. According to the fatwas of Ebu's-Su'ud', what substance was considered reprehensible and illicit by the Shari'a?

|a. |Tobacco |

|b. |Alcohol |

|c. |Coffee |

|d. |Hallucinogenic mushrooms |

|e. |Sugar |

REF: p. 537

70. The chief source of Ottoman inflation in the sixteenth century was

|a. |uncontrolled spending by the nobles. |

|b. |poor tax-collecting policies. |

|c. |an influx of silver from the Americas. |

|d. |uncontrolled military spending. |

|e. |widespread opium addiction. |

REF: p. 535

71. The area devastated by revolts in the Ottoman Empire between 1590-1619 was

|a. |Istanbul |

|b. |Anatolia |

|c. |the Balkans |

|d. |Izmir |

|e. |Adan |

REF: p. 538

72. Tax farming is

|a. |shifting the tax burden to the rich. |

|b. |imposing a tariff on foreign agricultural products. |

|c. |a term for soil exhaustion due to overfarming. |

|d. |paying taxes in advance for the right to collect greater amounts from others. |

|e. |peasants working on government land to pay government expenses. |

REF: p. 538

73. A significant transition in the Janissaries occurred after the uprisings because they:

|a. |became a hereditary institution |

|b. |became farmers |

|c. |became commercial merchants |

|d. |became avid supporters of the Imperial navy |

|e. |became students of shari'ia |

REF: p. 538

74. "Capitulations" that were beneficial to Europeans were

|a. |monopolies on certain cash crops sold to European companies. |

|b. |access to certain Ottoman ports. |

|c. |acknowledgment of the supremacy of the Portuguese army in Southeast Asia. |

|d. |a discount on trade duties and fees negotiated between Europeans and sultans. |

|e. |a tax based not on the amount of goods traded but on how many non-Muslims (per capita) were involved in the trade |

| |company. |

REF: p. 539

75. What new product traded from the Arabian port of Mocha became the rage in the fifteenth century?

|a. |Chocolate |

|b. |Silk |

|c. |Pecans |

|d. |Coffee |

|e. |Taconite |

REF: p. 539

76. The rising status of Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire led to a refinement of their role in society. Status gains included all except

|a. |being able to marry. |

|b. |being involved in business and commerce. |

|c. |becoming a hereditary order. |

|d. |ending the devshirme. |

|e. |getting the monopoly on tax farming. |

REF: p. 538

77. How did the Patrona Halil rebellion show "decay at the center" yet spell "benefit elsewhere"?

|a. |It provided the Janissaries with additional funding for gunpowder. |

|b. |The cities at the center of the empire were burned to the ground. |

|c. |The flow of gold and other valuable metals tended to benefit the provinces. |

|d. |It demonstrated that local elites in the provinces were beginning to gain power relative to the sultan. |

|e. |Even though the merchants were failing, it was a time of strength for the military. |

REF: p. 540

78. As ____ grew into a cosmopolitan trade port, it became symbolic of the Ottoman Empire's weakness in administrative control.

|a. |Izmir. |

|b. |Aleppo. |

|c. |Aden. |

|d. |Musqat. |

|e. |Cairo. |

REF: p. 539

79. The "tulip period" in the Ottoman Empire was one in which Ottomans:

|a. |emulated western European fashions |

|b. |traded with Holland for tulips and clogs |

|c. |had the red tulip as the official insignia of the Janissary corps |

|d. |achieved domination in trade over Venice as the sole exporters of tulip bulbs from Istanbul. |

|e. |made an alliance with the Dutch at the expense of all other western European trade. |

REF: p. 539

80. By the mid-17th century, Iran was producing which staple crop instead of importing it from Mughal India?

|a. |tea |

|b. |coffee |

|c. |cotton |

|d. |tobacco |

|e. |rice |

REF: p. 540

81. The Ottomans' chief rival in Iran was the

|a. |Saranid Empire. |

|b. |Mughal Empire. |

|c. |Safavid Empire. |

|d. |Persian Empire. |

|e. |Uighur Empire. |

REF: p. 541

82. One difference between the Ottoman and Iranian states was that the Iranian state was based on

|a. |Shi'ism. |

|b. |Sunnism. |

|c. |Kharijism. |

|d. |Sufism. |

|e. |Sikhism. |

REF: p. 541

83. Out of the struggle for power in Iran emerged a chief of Kurdish, Iranian, and Greek ancestry named

|a. |Mehmet. |

|b. |Akbar. |

|c. |Babur. |

|d. |Isaac. |

|e. |Ismail. |

REF: p. 541

84. In Iran, the mandated conversion to Shi'ism was

|a. |accepted as the word of god by the Sunnis. |

|b. |accomplished peacefully in building a multinational empire. |

|c. |a deciding factor in keeping Ismail and his descendants at war. |

|d. |only for the select members of the qizilbash in Iran. |

|e. |done for purposes of unifying with the Abbasid Caliphate. |

REF: p. 541

85. Iranian scholars and writers

|a. |read and wrote only in Persian. |

|b. |read and wrote only in Arabic. |

|c. |were relentlessly persecuted under the Safavids. |

|d. |read Arabic as well as Persian. |

|e. |opposed the government's forging of diplomatic ties with Mughal India. |

REF: p. 541

86. The history of the "Hidden Imam" set a tradition in Iran for the ulama

|a. |to be under the control of the sultan. |

|b. |to be an independent authority. |

|c. |to be influenced by the opinions of wandering ascetics. |

|d. |to be completely disinterested in political affairs. |

|e. |to inspire wars between the religious sects. |

REF: p. 542

87. The martyrdom of Imam Husayn is remembered in the Shi'ite community with

|a. |emotional processions of Shi'ites through the streets. |

|b. |the Easter mass. |

|c. |a truce among all religious sects. |

|d. |the pilgrimage to Mecca. |

|e. |fasting. |

REF: p. 542

88. A significant fact about the capital cities of both the Ottomans and Safavids was that

|a. |neither had wheeled vehicles. |

|b. |neither allowed Europeans within city walls. |

|c. |neither allowed women in public. |

|d. |both focused on mosques built for the emperor or shah. |

|e. |both had significant naval bases to guard their harbors. |

REF: p. 543

89. Islamic law

|a. |did not allow women to own any property. |

|b. |did not discuss women's property ownership. |

|c. |forbade women to own property after marriage. |

|d. |allowed women to keep property after marriage. |

|e. |made women equal with men. |

REF: p. 543

90. Although European accounts discussed the custom of women wearing veils,

|a. |Islamic women wore elaborate headdresses of ostrich feathers and lace. |

|b. |both Islamic men and women covered their hair, arms, and legs. |

|c. |Islamic women didn't cover the face or body. |

|d. |Islamic women were never actually seen by Europeans. |

|e. |there is no evidence that this is true. |

REF: p. 543

91. In the Muslim world,

|a. |homosexuality was unknown. |

|b. |homosexuality was encouraged. |

|c. |homosexuality was introduced by the Silk Road. |

|d. |despite religious disapproval, relationships with boys were not unusual. |

|e. |homosexuality was practiced only among the rich. |

REF: p. 544

92. A woman seen in public in the Muslim world would most likely have been any of the following except:

|a. |non-Muslim |

|b. |elderly |

|c. |very poor |

|d. |slaves |

|e. |married |

REF: p. 544

93. Comparatively speaking, which term would be least likely to apply to Isfahan?

|a. |centrally located |

|b. |indefensible. |

|c. |cosmopolitan |

|d. |lacking in cultural life |

|e. |anti-commercial. |

REF: p. 544

94. Iran became most closely associated with the manufacture of which item?

|a. |Silk |

|b. |Coffee |

|c. |Porcelain |

|d. |Carpets |

|e. |Camel saddles |

REF: p. 544

95. Which of the following was not a factor in the decline of Safavid rule?

|a. |Economic inflation caused by an influx of silver |

|b. |Mismanagement of the silk trade |

|c. |Dependence on slave soldiers with guns rather than nomad cavalry |

|d. |Lack of control of the tax collection system by the central administration |

|e. |Not having a navy and depending on English and Dutch naval forces |

REF: p. 544

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