DIAGNOSTIC CÔTE D’IVOIRE

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JOBS SERIES Issue No. 2

DIAGNOSTIC C?TE D'IVOIRE

Luc Christiaensen and Patrick Premand (editors) Employment, Productivity, and Inclusion for Poverty Reduction

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Attribution -- Please cite the work as follows: Christiaensen, Luc and Patrick Premand (editors), 2017. C?te d'Ivoire Jobs Diagnostic -- Employment, Productivity, and Inclusion for Poverty Reduction. World Bank, Washington, DC.

This edited volume contains authored chapters. Each authored chapter can be cited as a self-standing contribution to the edited volume (see references in the Acknowledgments section). License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.

Report Number: AUS13233 Project Number: P151613 Regional Vice President: Makhtar Diop Country Director: Pierre Laporte Senior Global Practice Director: Michal Rutkowski Practice Manager: Stefano Paternostro Task Team Leader: Patrick Premand

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The jobs diagnostic team was led by Patrick Premand. Lead authors and contributors for each chapter are as follows: Patrick Premand and Bienvenue N. Tien led Chapter 1 on The Challenge of Employment Quality and Productive

Inclusion in C?te d'Ivoire. Wael Mansour contributed to the analysis of macroeconomic data, and Robin Audy provided inputs to geographical data analysis. Luc Christiaensen and Gabriel Lawin led Chapter 2 on Jobs within the Structural Transformation -- Insights for C?te d'Ivoire. Wael Mansour, Patrick Premand, Bienvenue N. Tien, and Amarachi Utah provided inputs to the section on projections of the future composition of employment. Luc Christiaensen and Gabriel Lawin led Chapter 3 on Maximizing Agriculture's Contribution to the Jobs Agenda. Bienvenue N. Tien and Patrick Premand led Chapter 4 on Raising Productivity in Nonagricultural Self-Employment in C?te d'Ivoire. Kouadio Baya Bouaki led the qualitative work on which part of the chapter builds, and Nathanael Zab? undertook a review of local literature and policy documents as input to the chapter. Trang Thu Tran and Sarah Hebous led Chapter 5 on Trends and Prospects for Formal Job Creation in C?te d'Ivoire. Laura Ralston and Kebede Feda led Chapter 6 on Education, Skills and Training for a Competitive Workforce in C?te d'Ivoire, with contributions from Patrick Premand, Hamoud Wedoud Abdel Kamil, and Marina Tolchinsky on apprenticeship and policy recommendations.

Azedine Ouerghi played a strategic role for the development of this activity and provided contributions and advice at many steps along the way. Comments received at concept note stage and during report preparation from Kathleen Beegle, Yoonyoung Cho, Mary C. Hallward-Driemeier, Ejaz Syed Ghani, and Yannick Saleman are thankfully acknowledged. The team is also grateful to Nabil Chaherli, Cassandra Colbert, Jacques Morisset, and Volker Treichel for their contributions and advice, as well as to Ousmane Diagana, Deon Filmer, Pierre Laporte, Stefano Paternostro, Dena Ringold, and Katrina Sharkey for strategic guidance.

The jobs diagnostic report is part of a broad World Bank analytical engagement on the jobs agenda in C?te d'Ivoire between 2013 and 2017, which included technical support to employment surveys, impact evaluation of selected employment interventions, analysis of new source of employment data, as well as facilitation of policy dialogue on employment with government counterparts. The jobs agenda activity informed the Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) and Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for C?te d'Ivoire, as well as provided the basis for an Economic Update on the topic of employment published in December 2015. At an operational level, engagement on the jobs agenda informed the scope and design of the additional financing for the Youth Employment and Skills Development project (Projet Emploi Jeune et D?veloppement des Comp?tences, PEJEDEC).

The jobs diagnostic report has been shaped by ongoing dialogue on employment policy, strategy, and programs with Ivorian authorities, including (among other activities) a workshop in June 2013, internal consultations with the World Bank Group country team in February 2015, SCD dissemination on employment and skills in May 2015, technical consultations on preliminary results from this report in February 2016, and high-level discussions on the final report in November 2016. The many contributions from local counterparts during ongoing policy dialogue on the topic of employment are gratefully acknowledged.

The team is particularly grateful to BCP-Emploi (Bureau de Coordination des Programmes Emploi) and to members of the steering and technical committees of the national employment surveys. Micro data from employment and household surveys were obtained through collaborations with the Ministry of Social Protection and Employment, the Ministry of Youth Promotion, Youth Employment and Civil Service, as well as the National Statistical Institute (INS). Micro data on apprenticeship providers are based on an ongoing impact evaluation of the PEJEDEC, undertaken jointly with BCP-Emploi and AGEFOP (Agence Nationale de la Formation Professionnelle). INS, and in particular its Centrale des Bilans team, was very helpful in providing access to the anonymized firm census panel firm used in Chapter 5, which is gratefully acknowledged.

The C?te d'Ivoire jobs diagnostic builds on the activity on "Jobs and Job Creation in fragile and conflict states (FCS) in Sub-Saharan Africa" supported by Korea Trust Fund (KTF) for Economic and Peacebuilding Transitions (P147849), which funded technical support to employment survey, and as such allowed to jump-start complementary analysis on the broader jobs assessment report, in particular by supporting the development of materials for Chapters 1, 4, and 6. The consolidation of complementary data on agriculture and firms used in Chapters 3 and 5 has been made possible through a grant from the World Bank's Jobs Umbrella Trust Fund, which is supported by the Department for International Development/UK AID, and the Governments of Norway, Germany, Austria, the Austrian Development Agency, and the Swedish Development Agency (SIDA).

CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS

V

OVERVIEW AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1

1. THE CHALLENGE OF EMPLOYMENT QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVE INCLUSION IN C?TE D'IVOIRE

15

Patrick Premand and Bienvenue N. Tien

The employment situation in C?te d'Ivoire..............................................................................15 Employment trends in C?te d'Ivoire .........................................................................................36 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 41 Annex A ......................................................................................................................................43

2: JOBS WITHIN THE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION -- INSIGHTS FOR C?TE D'IVOIRE

45

Luc Christiaensen and Gabriel Lawin

Jobs potential for agriculture ...................................................................................................46 Moving beyond the farm...........................................................................................................55 How much movement between sectors can realistically be expected in C?te d'Ivoire? .......59 A three-pronged approach toward promoting productive employment

and accelerating poverty reduction.........................................................................................61 Annex B ......................................................................................................................................64

3: MAXIMIZING AGRICULTURE'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE JOBS AGENDA

68

Luc Christiaensen and Gabriel Lawin

Agriculture is dominated by market-oriented smallholders who are well endowed with land......68 Enhancement of agricultural labor productivity and diversification has started,

but substantial scope for improvement remains .................................................................75 The case of rice...........................................................................................................................78 Agricultural policy entry points for more, better, and inclusive employment generation ......81

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