Ms. Adams's Classroom
The Long Nineteenth Century WHAP
|The Time Period: |
|1750 – 1914 C.E. |
|Less than two centuries covered but a time when the world changed dramatically |
|Europe’s influence in the West waned even as it waxed in the East |
|The American and French Revolutions influenced movements for independence in colonial Latin America |
|Napoleon tried to conquer Europe |
|Italy and Germany unified into modern nation-states |
|Japan became an imperial power |
|India was entirely overrun by the British |
|The United States rose to become a world power |
|The Industrial Revolution – the single biggest event of the time period – seemed to impact everything it touched, from political and economic |
|developments, to the drive for colonial holdings in Africa and Asia, to daily life |
|The Age of European Imperialism occurred |
|Industry and Imperialism |
|The Industrial Revolution: ______________________________________________________ |
|Beginning in Britain: __________________________________________________________ |
|The Revolution Spread: ________________________________________________________ |
|Another Agricultural Revolution: ________________________________________________ |
|New Crops from the Americas: __________________________________________________ |
|Crop Rotation and No Fallow Fields: _____________________________________________ |
|Enclosure: ___________________________________________________________________ |
|New Machines for Farming: ____________________________________________________ |
|Urbanization: _________________________________________________________________ |
|Growth of Cities: ______________________________________________________________ |
|The End of the Domestic System: ________________________________________________ |
|Flying Shuttle: ________________________________________________________________ |
|Spinning Jenny: _______________________________________________________________ |
|Richard Arkwright: ___________________________________________________________ |
|Edward Cartwright: ___________________________________________________________ |
|Eli Whitney: __________________________________________________________________ |
|Cotton Gin: ___________________________________________________________________ |
|Industrialization and the Textile Industry: _________________________________________ |
|Steam Engine: ________________________________________________________________ |
|Thomas Newcomer: ___________________________________________________________ |
|James Watt: __________________________________________________________________ |
|Robert Fulton: ________________________________________________________________ |
|George Stephenson: ____________________________________________________________ |
|The Impact of Vast Amounts of Coal in Britain: ____________________________________ |
|Telegraph: ___________________________________________________________________ |
|Telephone: ___________________________________________________________________ |
|Light bulb: ___________________________________________________________________ |
|Internal Combustion Engine: ___________________________________________________ |
|Radio: ______________________________________________________________________ |
|Airplane: ___________________________________________________________________ |
|Pasteurization: ________________________________________________________________ |
|Vaccinations: ________________________________________________________________ |
|Charles Darwin: _____________________________________________________________ |
|Theory of Evolution:___________________________________________________________ |
|Natural Selection: ____________________________________________________________ |
|Factory System: _____________________________________________________________ |
|Interchangeable Parts: ________________________________________________________ |
|Henry Ford: __________________________________________________________________ |
|Assembly Line: _______________________________________________________________ |
|Treatment of Workers: ________________________________________________________ |
|Low Wages: _________________________________________________________________ |
|Unsafe Working Conditions:____________________________________________________ |
|Child Labor: ________________________________________________________________ |
|Charles Dickens: ____________________________________________________________ |
|Emergence of Middle Class: ____________________________________________________ |
|Middle Class Women and the Domestic Sphere: ___________________________________ |
|Adam Smith: ________________________________________________________________ |
|The Wealth of Nations: ________________________________________________________ |
|Private Ownership: __________________________________________________________ |
|Free Market System: _________________________________________________________ |
|Capitalism: _________________________________________________________________ |
|Laissez-faire Capitalism: _____________________________________________________ |
|The Invisible Hand: _________________________________________________________ |
|Supply and Demand: ________________________________________________________ |
|Karl Marx: _________________________________________________________________ |
|Friedrich Engels: ____________________________________________________________ |
|The Communist Manifesto:____________________________________________________ |
|The Proletariat: _____________________________________________________________ |
|The Revolution of the Proletariat: ______________________________________________ |
|The Dictatorship of the Proletariat: ____________________________________________ |
|Communism: _______________________________________________________________ |
|Socialism: __________________________________________________________________ |
|Luddites: ___________________________________________________________________ |
|Reforms to Free Market: ______________________________________________________ |
|Factory Act of 1883: __________________________________________________________ |
|Labor Unions: _______________________________________________________________ |
|Strikes: _____________________________________________________________________ |
|Public Education: _____________________________________________________________ |
|Social Mobility: _______________________________________________________________ |
|Abolition of Slavery: ___________________________________________________________ |
|Reforms Improved Status of Men: ________________________________________________ |
|Woman’s Suffrage Movement: ___________________________________________________ |
|Improvements in Standard of Living: _____________________________________________ |
|Immigration and the Americas: __________________________________________________ |
|Anti-Semitism: ________________________________________________________________ |
|Irish Potato Famine: __________________________________________________________ |
|The Drive for Natural Resources: _______________________________________________ |
|Colonization: _________________________________________________________________ |
|Environmental Impact of Industrialization: _______________________________________ |
|The Drive for Colonies: ________________________________________________________ |
|Colonies and Trade: __________________________________________________________ |
|Social Darwinists: ____________________________________________________________ |
|Rudyard Kipling: ____________________________________________________________ |
|“White Man’s Burden”: _______________________________________________________ |
|Ethnocentrism: ______________________________________________________________ |
|European Imperialism in India: ________________________________________________ |
|India’s Resources: ____________________________________________________________ |
|Decline of Mughal Empire: ____________________________________________________ |
|The British East India Company: _______________________________________________ |
|Robert Clive: ________________________________________________________________ |
|Sepoys: _____________________________________________________________________ |
|Sepoy Mutiny: _______________________________________________________________ |
|1858: _______________________________________________________________________ |
|India as a Crown Colony: _______________________________________________________ |
|Bahadur Shah II: _____________________________________________________________ |
|Queen Victoria as Empress of India: _____________________________________________ |
|Raw Materials to Britain: ______________________________________________________ |
|Finished Goods to the Colony: __________________________________________________ |
|Upper Castes Anglicized: ______________________________________________________ |
|Railroads and Canals Built: ____________________________________________________ |
|Indian National Congress: _____________________________________________________ |
|European Imperialism in China: ________________________________________________ |
|Canton: _____________________________________________________________________ |
|Opium: ______________________________________________________________________ |
|Imperial Edict on Opium: ______________________________________________________ |
|First Opium War: _____________________________________________________________ |
|Treaty of Nanjing: _____________________________________________________________ |
|“Unequal Treaties”: ____________________________________________________________ |
|Hong Kong: __________________________________________________________________ |
|Second Opium War: ___________________________________________________________ |
|Trading Concessions: _________________________________________________________ |
|White Lotus Rebellions: _______________________________________________________ |
|Taiping Rebellion: ____________________________________________________________ |
|Manchu Self-Strengthening Movement: __________________________________________ |
|Sino-French War: _____________________________________________________________ |
|Sino-Japanese War: ___________________________________________________________ |
|Treaty of Shimonoseki: ________________________________________________________ |
|Spheres of Influence: __________________________________________________________ |
|Open Door Policy: ____________________________________________________________ |
|The Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists: ________________________________ |
|The Boxers: __________________________________________________________________ |
|The Boxer Rebellion: ___________________________________________________________ |
|The Boxer Protocol: ____________________________________________________________ |
|Contrasting European Imperialism in China and in India: ___________________________ |
|Manchu Abolished Foot Binding in 1901: _________________________________________ |
|1905, End of Examination System: ______________________________________________ |
|1911, Manchu Government Toppled: _____________________________________________ |
|Sun Yat-sen: _________________________________________________________________ |
|The Three Principles of the People: ______________________________________________ |
|Commodore Perry: ___________________________________________________________ |
|Treaty of Kanagawa: __________________________________________________________ |
|Meiji Restoration: _____________________________________________________________ |
|Abolishing Samurai Class in Japan: ______________________________________________ |
|Modernization and Industrialization in Japan: _____________________________________ |
|The Opening of Japan: _________________________________________________________ |
|Japan’s Industrial Revolution: __________________________________________________ |
|Japan Defeated China in 1895 for Control of Korea and Taiwan: _____________________ |
|Russo-Japanese War of 1904: ___________________________________________________ |
|Zaibatsu: ____________________________________________________________________ |
|Japan and Lack of Natural Resources: ___________________________________________ |
|The Establishment of Liberia by Former American Slaves: __________________________ |
|European Imperialism in Africa: ________________________________________________ |
|1795 – The British Seized Cape Town: ____________________________________________ |
|Boers or Afrikaners Trekked Northeast: __________________________________________ |
|Discovery of Gold and Diamonds by Boers in Transvaal: ____________________________ |
|Boer War: ____________________________________________________________________ |
|South Africa as a British Colony: _________________________________________________ |
|1910 – the Union of South Africa: ________________________________________________ |
|The African National Congress: _________________________________________________ |
|The Local Rulers or Beys of the Ottoman Empire: _________________________________ |
|Muhammad Ali in Egypt Defeated the French and Ottomans: _______________________ |
|Ali’s Westernization and Industrialization Efforts: ________________________________ |
|After Ali: ____________________________________________________________________ |
|The Suez Canal, Egyptians, French: _____________________________________________ |
|Egypt Sold Shares of Canal to British: ___________________________________________ |
|French Pushed Out of Canal and Egypt by British: ________________________________ |
|The Berlin Conference: ________________________________________________________ |
|Otto von Bismarck and the Conference: __________________________________________ |
|European Division and Conquest of Africa: _______________________________________ |
|Only Ethiopia and Liberia – Independent: ________________________________________ |
|European Addition of Infrastructure to Continent: _________________________________ |
|European Boundaries Not African: ______________________________________________ |
|Brutality of Belgian Congo: ____________________________________________________ |
|Contrasting European Rule of African Colonies: ___________________________________ |
|European Direct Rule but British Indirect Rule in Africa: ___________________________ |
|The Quest for Africa’s Resources: _______________________________________________ |
|The Impact of Arbitrary Not Cultural Boundaries: _________________________________ |
|Political Developments in the Americas and Europe |
|The American Revolution: _____________________________________________________ |
|French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War): _____________________________________ |
|George Grenville and Later Charles Townshend: __________________________________ |
|Revenue Act: ________________________________________________________________ |
|Stamp Act: ___________________________________________________________________ |
|Tea Act: ______________________________________________________________________ |
|Tea in Boston Harbor: _________________________________________________________ |
|Lexington and Concord: _______________________________________________________ |
|Thomas Paine and Common Sense: ______________________________________________ |
|The French and the American Revolutionaries: ____________________________________ |
|Constitution and Bill of Rights: __________________________________________________ |
|Independent and Democratic United States of America: _____________________________ |
|Influence of the Enlightenment on the American Revolution: _________________________ |
|The French Revolution: ________________________________________________________ |
|Louis XVI and the Need for Revenue: ____________________________________________ |
|The Meeting of the Estates General: _____________________________________________ |
|The First Estate: _____________________________________________________________ |
|The Second Estate: ____________________________________________________________ |
|The Third Estate: _____________________________________________________________ |
|The Bourgeoisie: ______________________________________________________________ |
|The National Assembly: ________________________________________________________ |
|Storming the Bastille: __________________________________________________________ |
|The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen: __________________________________ |
|Abolished the Feudal System in France: ___________________________________________ |
|Establishing the Nation-State: ___________________________________________________ |
|Austrian and Prussian Invasion of France: _________________________________________ |
|The Convention Abolished the Monarchy: _________________________________________ |
|Jacobins: _____________________________________________________________________ |
|The Execution of the King for Treason: ___________________________________________ |
|Contrasting the American and French Revolutions: _________________________________ |
|The Committee of Public Safety: _________________________________________________ |
|Maximilien Robespierre: _______________________________________________________ |
|The Guillotine: ________________________________________________________________ |
|The Execution of Robespierre: ___________________________________________________ |
|The Directory: ________________________________________________________________ |
|Napoleon Bonaparte: ___________________________________________________________ |
|Napoleonic Codes: _____________________________________________________________ |
|But Extremely Paternalistic: _____________________________________________________ |
|Napoleon’s Empire: ____________________________________________________________ |
|Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia: ___________________________________________________ |
|Napoleon’s Defeat in Russia: ____________________________________________________ |
|Napoleon’s First Exile: _________________________________________________________ |
|Napoleon’s Escape and the Battle of Waterloo: _____________________________________ |
|Napoleon’s Permanent Exile: ____________________________________________________ |
|The Congress of Vienna: ________________________________________________________ |
|Prince von Metternich: _________________________________________________________ |
|A Balance of Power and Restoring the Old Order: __________________________________ |
|Latin American Independence Movements: ________________________________________ |
|A Slave Revolt in Haiti: _________________________________________________________ |
|Pierre Toussaint L’Ouverture: ___________________________________________________ |
|Napoleon, Haiti, and L’Ouverture: _______________________________________________ |
|Jacques Dessalines: ____________________________________________________________ |
|Simon Bolivar: ________________________________________________________________ |
|Resentment of Creoles Towards Peninsulares: ______________________________________ |
|Resentment Towards Mercantilist Policies: ________________________________________ |
|Gran Colombia: _______________________________________________________________ |
|Jose de San Martin: ____________________________________________________________ |
|Bernardo O’Higgins: ___________________________________________________________ |
|Portugal’s John VI: ____________________________________________________________ |
|Pedro and Brazilian Independence: _______________________________________________ |
|Pedro II: _____________________________________________________________________ |
|Pedro II and the Abolition of Slavery: ____________________________________________ |
|Class Conflict in Brazil: ________________________________________________________ |
|A Republic in Brazil in 1889: ____________________________________________________ |
|Miguel Hidalgo in Mexico: ______________________________________________________ |
|Jose Morelos in Mexico: ________________________________________________________ |
|Class Conflict in Mexico: _______________________________________________________ |
|Treaty of Cordoba: ____________________________________________________________ |
|Problems in Latin American After Independence: __________________________________ |
|Dependent on Cash Crops and Monoculture: ______________________________________ |
|The Monroe Doctrine: _________________________________________________________ |
|U.S. Intervention in Latin America: ______________________________________________ |
|Nationalism – A Consequence of the Napoleonic Era: _______________________________ |
|The Unification of Italy: ________________________________________________________ |
|Victor Emmanuel II: ___________________________________________________________ |
|Count Camillo Cavour: _________________________________________________________ |
|Giuseppe Garibaldi: ___________________________________________________________ |
|The Red Shirts: _______________________________________________________________ |
|The Unification of Germany: ____________________________________________________ |
|Prussia: ______________________________________________________________________ |
|Otto von Bismarck: ____________________________________________________________ |
|“Blood and Iron”: _____________________________________________________________ |
|William I: ____________________________________________________________________ |
|Franco-Prussian War: __________________________________________________________ |
|Industrialization of Germany: ___________________________________________________ |
|William II: ___________________________________________________________________ |
|Other Political Developments: |
|Romanov Czars: ______________________________________________________________ |
|Alexander II: _________________________________________________________________ |
|The Emancipation Edict: _______________________________________________________ |
|Leo Tolstoy: __________________________________________________________________ |
|Dostoyevsky: _________________________________________________________________ |
|Tchaikovsky: _________________________________________________________________ |
|Assassination of Alexander II: __________________________________________________ |
|The People’s Will: _____________________________________________________________ |
|Alexander III: ________________________________________________________________ |
|Russification: ________________________________________________________________ |
|Anti-Semitism: _______________________________________________________________ |
|Nicholas II: __________________________________________________________________ |
|Russian Socialists: ____________________________________________________________ |
|Russia’s Defeat in Russo-Japanese War: ___________________________________________ |
|Bloody Sunday: _______________________________________________________________ |
|Peter Stolypin: ________________________________________________________________ |
|The Duma: ___________________________________________________________________ |
|The Beginning of the End of the Romanov Dynasty: _________________________________ |
|The Declining Ottoman Empire: _________________________________________________ |
|British and French Fears of the Russian Empire Seizing the Eastern Mediterranean: _____ |
|Keeping the Ottoman Empire to Prevent Russian Expansion: _________________________ |
|As in the Crimean War: ________________________________________________________ |
|1883 and British Control of Egypt: _______________________________________________ |
|President Monroe and a New Doctrine: ___________________________________________ |
|A Doctrine Backed by Britain: __________________________________________________ |
|Roosevelt Corollary: ___________________________________________________________ |
|Inciting the Panamanians to Declare Independence: ________________________________ |
|The Panama Canal: ___________________________________________________________ |
|The Spanish-American War: ___________________________________________________ |
|The United States and New Territories: __________________________________________ |
|Technology and Innovations: |
|Railroads: ____________________________________________________________________ |
|New Machines: ________________________________________________________________ |
|The Power of Infrastructure: ____________________________________________________ |
|New Forms of Entertainment for the Urban Working Class: __________________________ |
|Modern Forms of Art in Europe Influenced by Contact with Asia and Africa: ___________ |
|Impressionism: ________________________________________________________________ |
|Cubism: ______________________________________________________________________ |
|Surrealism: ___________________________________________________________________ |
|Art Nouveau: _________________________________________________________________ |
|Changes and Continuities in the Role of Women |
|A Low Point in Terms of Women’s Rights: _________________________________________ |
|Joining Reform Movements, Labor Unions, and Socialist Parties: _____________________ |
|Denied Access to Education Due to Ideas Based on Social Darwinism: __________________ |
During this time period, there were many forces of change
• Exploration
• Industrialization
• Education
• The Continuing Impact of the Enlightenment
• The End of Slavery
• Military Superiority
• Nationalism
• Imperialism
• Racism
• Capitalism
• Marxism
• Trains and Ships
• Telegraph Cables
• Planes
• Urbanization
• Of course, most change – even “revolutionary” change – didn’t entirely supplant everything that came before it
• Slavery was successfully outlawed, but that didn’t mean that former slaves were suddenly welcomed as equals
• Racism, both social and institutional, continued
• The United States declared its independence eloquently and convincingly, and then many of the signers went home to their slaves
• Factory workers argued tirelessly for humane working conditions, but once achieved, happily processed raw materials stolen from distant lands where the interests of the natives were often entirely disregarded
• Change is indeed very complex, but it’s also impossible to ignore
• Life for virtually everyone on the globe was different in 1914 than in 1750
Important Terms:
Absolute Monarch
Assembly Line
Capital
Capitalism
Cartel
Commercial
Communism
Constitution
Corporation
Emancipation
Enclosure
Estates-General
Factory
Free Market
Free Trade
Imperialism
Industrial Revolution
Laissez-faire
Labor Union
Marxism
Monopoly
Nationalism
Nation-State
Natural Resources
Revolution
Rural
Urban
Social Class
Social Darwinism
Socialism
Suffrage
Trade Union
Universal Suffrage
Urbanization
Utopia/Utopian
Wage Labor
People, Places, and Events
American Revolution
Berlin Conference
Bloody Sunday
Boer Wars
Boxer Rebellion
British East India Company
Charles Darwin
Communist Manifesto
Congress of Vienna
Declaration of Independence
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
The Diet of Japan
Emancipation of Serfs
Empress Cixi
Friedrich Engels
Execution of Louis XVI
Miguel Hidalgo
Indian National Congress
Intolerable Acts
The Jewel in the Crown
Mahmut II
Karl Marx
Maxim Guns
Meiji Restoration
Monroe Doctrine
Muhammed Ali
Muslim League
Napoleon Bonaparte
Open Door Policy
Opium Wars
Panama Canal
The Raj
Reign of Terror
Cecil Rhodes
Rudyard Kipling
Russification
Russo-Japanese War
Scramble for Africa
Sepoy Mutiny
Seven Years War (French and Indian)
Sino-Japanese War
Spanish American War
Spheres of Influence
Suez Canal
The State Duma of Russia
Steam Engine (James Watts)
Taiping Rebellion
Unequal Treaties
Otto von Bismarck
Wealth of Nations (Adam Smith)
White Man’s Burden
Witte Industrialization Program
Young Turks Party
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