Biology Name:



Evolution Review Sheet [17.5 points]Section 1 Charles Darwin and Other ScientistsDarwin’s ship is named _____________________.Darwin stopped at __________________ on his trip around the world and made many of his observations.Darwin noticed the finches from different islands had different shaped beaks because ______________________________________________________________________________.After his trip, Darwin concluded ______________________________________________________.____________ and ____________ studied geology and determined the Earth was millions of years old.______________ believed organisms acquired traits through use or disuse and passed them to offspring.Darwin’s book is called __________________________.What is artificial selection?How is artificial selection different than natural selection?454787012573000Section 2-3 Natural Selection, Evidence for EvolutionWhat does variation mean? Name one variation between the two tigers.What is another phrase for natural selection?What is an adaptation?Explain an adaptation that a bird might have to help it reach a food source.Explain how camouflage can be an adaptation.Where or how does an organism get an adaptation?What does it mean for an animal to be “fit” or have a high fitness?Before the industrial revolution, why were the grey peppered moths considered more “fit?”What does evolution mean?What is the name of the process or “mechanism” that carries out evolution?Can an individual organism evolve in its own lifetime? Why? Can a species evolve generation to generation? Why?Explain Darwin’s idea of descent with modification.Natural selection has 4 parts: explain all four! Why is the fossil record considered evidence for evolution?What is a homologous structure? Give an example.What is a vestigial structure? Give an example.How does embryology provide evidence for evolution?What type of evidence did Darwin not have for evolution that we have today? In the natural selection spoons game, what did the limited number of spoons each round represent?In the spoons game, what represented genetic variation?Section 4 Genes & VariationWhat 2 major gaps existed in Darwin’s theory of evolution?_________________________________________________________________What scientist’s work was able to fill these gaps? ______________________________________ is the differences among organisms in a population ________________ is the number of times and allele appears in a population________________is all the different alleles that are in a population________________ is a group of the same species that can breed and produce fertile offspringIn genetic terms, what is evolution? ___________________________________________What are two sources of variation? _________________ ___________________What is a mutation? ____________________________________________________What causes mutations? __________________________________________________When does gene shuffling happen (2) times_____________________________________Does natural selection work on the genotype or phenotype? _______________Section 5 Evolution as Genetic ChangeWhere is the area of high fitness in directional selection? _____________________________Where is the area of high fitness in stabilizing selection? _____________________________Where is the area of high fitness in disruptive selection? _____________________________An average weight baby is the most likely to survive. This is ___________________ selection.Longer bird beaks gather food better. This is ___________________ selection.Both small and large bird beaks are well adapted to survive. This is _________________ selection.What type of selection can result in 2 new subgroups? _________________________What type of selection favors the average individual? _________________________What type of selection favors one extreme trait over the middle and other end? _______________Label each graph disruptive, directional, or stabilizing selection. Then draw the curve for the new graph!10363202032000In what size of a population is genetic drift observed? _________________________What is genetic drift? __________________________________________________What can cause genetic drift? ______________________________________________Explain an example of genetic drift. ___________________________________________________________ is when a large part of a population is killed or cannot reproduceGive an example of the bottleneck effect. _______________________________________What is the founder effect? _______________________________________________What is genetic equilibrium? _______________________________________________What 5 things are required for genetic equilibrium to happen in a population? Section 6 - SpeciationWhat is speciation? ____________________________________________________What is reproductive isolation? _____________________________________________What happens in geographic isolation? _________________________________________What types of things can cause geographic isolation? ________________________________What is behavioral isolation? _______________________________________________Give an example of behavioral isolation. ________________________________________What is temporal isolation? ________________________________________________Give an example of temporal isolation. _________________________________________Evolution Vocabulary Terms and ConceptsHMS Beagle Galapagos Islands DarwinEvolution Hutton and Lyell Lamarck Acquired traits On the Origin of Species Natural Selection Survival of the fittest Artificial Selection Adaptation Fitness Struggle for existence descent with modificationcommon descent fossils transitional forms comparative anatomyhomologous structures vestigial organs embryo analogous structures biochemical evidence Biological diversity variation camouflage mimicry gene shuffling mutationdirectional selectionstabilizing selectiondisruptive selectionpopulationgene poolspeciesgenetic equilibriumgenetic drift bottleneck effect founder effectrelative frequencyreproductive isolationgeographic isolationtemporal isolationbehavioral isolationWho is Darwin, what did he do, and why does it matter? Darwin, HMS Beagle, Galapagos Islands, Natural Selection, Common DescentWhat is selection (natural and artificial) and why is it important?Natural Selection, Variation, Fitness, Adaptation, Descent with Modification, Environment, Artificial SelectionWhat are the different lines of evidence for evolution and what do they mean? Evolution, Fossil Record, Comparative Anatomy [embryology, homologous, analogous, vestigial], Biochemical Evidence, Radiometric Dating Evidence?Explain the four basic mechanisms of evolution and use an example of how they would affect a certain population.Mutation, Migration, Genetic Drift, Natural Selection, VariationHow does genetics factor into evolution?Evolution as a change in allele frequency. Genetics explains sources of variety such as camouflage or mimicry, within species, coming from gene shuffling and mutations, and these beneficial genetic variations are passed down through natural selection.How does natural selection affect allele frequency?Natural selection can either be directional (pushing one direction towards greater fitness), stabilizing, (removing variety to increase populations fitness), or disruptive (separating towards two species with greater fitness in their own niche). This can be graphed and measured with respect to allele frequency.What is speciation?Species are a population that can interbreed with one another. If this population experiences reproductive isolation (geographical, behavioral, temporal) and the mechanisms for evolution are all present, then the population can split into multiple different species. ................
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