Biodiversity - The total of all the ...



Chapter 16: Human Impact

Biodiversity - The total of all the _____________ _________ living in a given area.

Where do we find the greatest biodiversity? __________________

Biodiversity = Stability

The greater the ______________ the greater the ______________of an ecosystem.

Concept Check!

Ecosystems will have a greater chance of maintaining equilibrium over a long period of time if they have

(1) organisms imported by humans from other environments

(2) a sudden change in climate

(3) a diversity of organisms

(4) predators eliminated from the food chains

Threats to Biodiversity

• _______________________________

• _______________________________

• _______________________________

• _______________________________

• _______________________________

Deforestation

• _______________________________

• _______________________________

• _______________________________

Extinction vs. Endangered Species

• Extinction is when a species is _____________ __________ out of its _______________ .

• Endangered species is when a species’ ___________ is ____________ rapidly and they are close to extinction.

Why is Biodiversity important to me?

Most of our pharmaceuticals or _______________ come from plants, animals, and fungi that are found in the ________________ .

Concept Check!

One irreversible effect of both deforestation and water pollution on the environment is the

(1) extinction of species

(2) thinning of the ozone shield

(3) depletion of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels

(4) increase in renewable resources

What can we do about protecting biodiversity?

• _______________________________

• Protect species with ______ about _________

• _______________________________

• _______________________________

Concept Check!

Human activities have had a major impact on biodiversity.

Scientists cannot solve this problem alone. Concerned individuals need

to be involved in restoring and maintaining biodiversity.

Explain how a loss of biodiversity today can affect the survival of humans in the future. [1]

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

State one specific action that you as a student can take in your community to help maintain or increase biodiversity. [1]

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

Renewable Resources - These are resources that can ________________or ________________ themselves.

Example - _______________

Non-renewable Resources - A resource that can _______ be __________

or replenished by natural processes

Example - ____________________

Concept Check!

In order to reduce consumption of nonrenewable resources, humans could

(1) burn coal to heat houses instead of using oil

(2) heat household water with solar radiation

(3) increase industrialization

(4) use a natural-gas grill to barbecue instead of using charcoal

Over the past few decades, many oil companies have discovered oil below the seafloor near the coasts of many states. Some states, however, refuse to permit offshore oil drilling, fearing it might damage the environment. Discuss both sides of this issue. In your answer, be sure to:

• state one way in which offshore oil drilling might have a long-term negative effect on the environment [1]

• state one way in which offshore oil drilling could benefit society [1]

Sustainable Use of Resources

• Using _____________ resources in a way that doesn’t deplete them

1. Plant a tree for every one cut down

2. Use ________________

3. Alternative ___________________ (wind, solar, geothermal)

Acid Rain

Causes: burning of ________ __________ and factories with smoke stacks release sulfur into the air making precipitation acidic.

Acid Rain Effects

• Destroys ____________ tissues

• Destroys aquatic e________________

• Destroys many statues

Acid Rain Solutions

• Create___________ that limit _____________ from smoke stacks.

• Create__________ that mandate (force) factory owners to use scrubbers on smoke stacks

• Use cleaner fuel sources

Global Climate Change –

Increase in the ____________ ______________ of the ______________.

The Evidence –

• In the past 120 years the _________ global temperature has risen . ___ degrees Celsius

• The 1990’s was the _______ decade on record

The Projections - Computer models suggest that the_________ global temperatures will increase by ___ to ____ degrees Celsius by______.

The Cause of Climate Change –

• Increased amounts of _____ that enters the atmosphere, from burning of ________ ________

• Increased amounts of _____________ gases like __________

The Effects of Climate Change -

• Polar _____ ______will melt causing massive __________

• More __________ weather systems or __________

• Increased __________ of insects that carry deadly diseases - _________

• The environmental change ___________ certain species like ____________, weeds, and ______________

• ______________ droughts

Solutions for Climate Change

• Create _______ that limit ________ ________emissions – The Kyoto Treaty

• Use ____________ cars

• Limit your _________ consumption

• ______________ people about the issues

• Use of alternative energies

• ________________________

• ________________________

• ________________________

• ________________________

Pros and Cons of Nuclear Energy

PROS:

• Little ______________ ______ emissions

• Readily available ________________

• Huge amount of _____________is ___________ from one single plant

CONS:

• Risk of ________________ disaster

• Radioactive _____________

• Heats up surrounding water often ____________ the ecosystem

Ozone Depletion

Ozone layer ___________ the earth from harmful ______ rays

Cause of Ozone Depletion - Emission of Chlorofluorocarbons (______) into the atmosphere

CFC’s were found in aerosol cans and refrigerants

Effect of Ozone Depletion –

• Increase _____ rays _________ the ________ _____________ rates

• Other species of plants and animals may also be affected by ______ radiation. The species’ ________ will ______________ sometimes causing cancer, death, or infertility.

Solution to Ozone Depletion - The use of CFC’s was __________ by international _______ – Montreal Protocol of 1989

Base your answers to the following questions on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram shows some of the gases that, along with their sources, contribute to four major problems associated with air pollution.

Select one of the four major problems from the diagram and record the number of the problem on the line below. Identify a gas that contributes to the problem you selected and state one way in which the amount of this gas can be reduced.

Problem number: ____________

Gas:______________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Explain why damage to the ozone shield is considered a threat to many organisms.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Invasive Species

• Apparently ___________ animals and plants that are ______________ around the world.

• In their new habitats ____________ species _____________ rapidly because they lack _______________that keep their _____________ in check.

|Purple Loosestrife | |

|Brought to America from Europe in the 1800’s as an ornamental plant. | |

|Destroys native ______________ ecosystems | |

|No___________________ eat this flower so it grows very rapidly and | |

|_____________ native plant species like cattails. | |

|Zebra Mussels | |

|Brought over on ___________ ships during the 1980’s and are destroying the | |

|___________ __________ ecosystems | |

|Gypsy Moths | |

|A native of ___________ they were brought accidentally to the US in the | |

|1880’s | |

|They _______________ native trees like aspens | |

| | |

Control of Invasive Species

Biological Control – using a predator from its homeland _____________________________________________________

__________________________to kill native species or at least control it.

Pesticide Use and Fertilizer Use

• Pesticides are used to _______ _________ and protect crops/plants

• Fertilizers are used to __________ the growth rate of crops/plants

Ecological Problems with Pesticides

• Pesticides are dangerous ____________ chemicals that trickle down into _____________ water ________________

Biological Magnification

• Chemicals ___________________ or build up as it goes up the food chain often becoming lethal

DDT Biomagnification and the Bald Eagle

• DDT a pesticide to kill mosquitoes

• Harmed the shells of Bald Eagles bringing them close to extinction

• Wide scale use of DDT banned in 1972 Stockholm Convention

• Limited use today as disease vector control

• The Bald Eagles are increasing populations

Ecological Problems with Fertilizers

• Fertilizers contain high levels of ___________ and phosphorus that runs off into streams and __________ ____________ causing ___________ blooms

• Solution – Eat ______________________ !

Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

Throughout the world, in nearly every ecosystem, there are animal and plant species present that were introduced into the ecosystem by humans or transported to the ecosystem as a result of human activities.

Some examples are listed in the chart below.

[pic]

1. State one reason why an introduced species might be very successful in a new environment. [1]

2. Identify one action the government could take to prevent the introduction of additional new species. [1]

3 Identify one introduced organism and write its name in the space below. Describe one way in which this organism has altered an ecosystem in the new location. [1]

Organism: _________________________

4. In an ecosystem, the growth and survival of organisms are dependent on the availability of the energy from the Sun. This energy is available to organisms in the ecosystem because

(1) producers have the ability to store energy from light in organic molecules

(2) consumers have the ability to transfer chemical energy stored in bonds to plants

(3) all organisms in a food web have the ability

5. A major reason that humans can have such a significant impact on an ecological community is that humans

(1) can modify their environment through technology

(2) reproduce faster than most other species

(3) are able to increase the amount of finite resources available

(4) remove large amounts of carbon dioxide from the air

6. Rabbits are herbivores that are not native to Australia. Their numbers have increased steadily since being introduced into Australia by European settlers. One likely reason the rabbit population was able to grow so large is that the rabbits

(1) were able to prey on native herbivores

(2) reproduced more slowly than the native animals

(3) successfully competed with native herbivores for food

(4) could interbreed with the native animals

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Marine Biodiversity

Deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest!

L.I. endangered Piping Plover

Signs showing protected plover habitats can be seen on Long Island beaches.

Circle where acid rain is on pH scale

The ozone hole seems to be repairing itself. The ban on CFC’s is working! Look at that healthy ozone today

Why can’t pregnant women eat seafood?

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