BSC 197 - Illinois State University



BSC 197

Summer 12

Study Guide for Exam 1

Note: The test will be written in such a way that someone with perfect memorization of keywords would get a high B. There will be questions that will test whether you understand the relationships between ideas and if you can use the memorized information to form ideas of your own. I use the word understand rather than just know for that reason.

Part 1-Themes in Biology

You should know and understand:

The levels of organization of multicellular organisms and how they are related

What is meant by an emergent property

The 5 kingdoms and three domains of organisms

How the scientific method works

The role of model systems and some examples

Part 2-Chemistry of Biology

You should know and understand:

Which elements are most important for life

Atomic structure, atomic mass, and atomic number

Electron configuration and valence of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon

How valence affects chemical bonding

The different types of chemical bonds and how they are formed

How hydrogen bonding works

What makes some molecules polar?

How molecular shape influences biological function

Molecular mimicry

Part 3-Water and Carbon in Biology

You should know and understand:

The physical and chemical characteristics of water and how these are important from a biological perspective

Why carbon-based molecules are so diverse and how diversity arises

Be able to recognize the structures of functional groups commonly found on organic molecules and their properties (Figure 4.10 in book)

Part 4-Biological Macromolecules

You should know and understand:

How polymerization is accomplished

Dehydration and hydrolysis

Be able to recognize the general structures of each type of macromolecule and its monomer

The functions of carbohydrates

How starches, monosaccharides, disaccharides and storage molecules differ

The biological role of cellulose

The structural difference between starch and cellulose

Lecture 2

The biological functions of fatty acids and lipids

How fats are assembled

The structure and role of phospholipids

The structure and function of lipid bilayers

The various functions of proteins and why they are so versatile

Know the four functional groups of amino

How 20 possible amino acids at each position can result in high levels of sequence variation.

The amino and carboxyl termini and polarity of protein synthesis

The four levels of protein structure

Lecture 3

The general structures of nucleotides

The different bases found in DNA and RNA

The structural and functional differences between DNA and RNA

The structure of the Double Helix

Part 5-Intro to Metabolism

You should know and understand:

The Central Dogma of informational flow in cells

Why organisms need energy input

Catabolism and Anabolism and how they interact

How ATP is used for short term energy storage

Phosphorylation of intermediates

How enzymes function

How inhibition occurs

 

Part 6-Cells and Cell organelles

You should know and understand:

Part 1

The differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

Why cells tend to be small

The structure and functions of cell membranes

Diffusion and Osmosis

The common methods by which molecules get inside of a cell and how these methods differ

How membrane pumps work and their uses

The role and importance of compartmentalization within a cell

Part 2

The three major forms of membrane facilitated cell uptake and the resulting vesicles

The structure and function of the nucleus and its components

The location, structure and function of ribosomes

The two types of Endoplasmic reticulum and their respective functions

Part 3

The structure and function of the Golgi and how it interacts with the ER

The process of cell renewal and how it is accomplished

Lysosomes, peroxisomes and glyoxysomes -their origins, structures and functions

Cell death and its biological uses

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