A Level Psychology AfL



Criminal Psychology - Assessment for LearningSyllabus AreasQuestionWhen/whereDate when doneCONTENTBiological explanation of crime and anti-social behaviour; with consideration given to gender differences:amygdala and aggression Biological explanation of crime and anti-social behaviour; with consideration given to gender differences:brain injuryBiological explanation of crime and anti-social behaviour; with consideration given to gender differences:XYY syndrome There are many biological explanations for crime and anti-social behaviour. (a) Describe XYY syndrome as an explanation of crime and anti-social behaviour. (4)Paper 2 June 2017Biological explanation of crime and anti-social behaviour; with consideration given to gender differences:personalityAnother explanation of crime and anti-social behaviour is the influence of personality. Explain one strength of personality as a factor that influences crime and anti-social behaviour. (2)Paper 2 June 2017Social explanations of crime and anti-social behaviour; with consideration given to gender differences:labellingPete is 24 years old and has a long criminal history, including burglary, theft and drug-related offences. Pete has spent most of his life living alone with his mother. His father is currently in prison for committing a burglary. At age 15 Pete dropped out of school, preferring to socialise with friends and play truant. Discuss Pete’s behaviour using explanations from social psychology. You must make reference to the context in your answer (8)SAMS 1 Social explanations of crime and anti-social behaviour; with consideration given to gender differences:self-fulfilling prophecyUnderstanding the offender, offence analysis and case formulationCognitive interview and ethical interview techniquesUnderstanding the offender, offence analysis and case formulationThe use of psychological formulation to understand the function of offending behaviour in the individual.Assess the use of psychological formulation to understand the function of offending behaviour in the individual. (8)SAMS 2A cognitive-behavioural treatment for offenders, including strengths and weaknesses and one study for each that considers their effectiveness A biological treatment for offenders, including strengths and weaknesses and one study for each that considers their effectivenessThere are various treatments for offenders using a variety of psychological approaches, including the biological approach. Evaluate one biological treatment for offenders. (8)Paper 2 June 2017Factors influencing eye-witness testimony, including consideration of reliability: post-event information to include studies(b) Apart from weapon focus, explain how one other factor affects eyewitness testimony. (3)SAMS1Factors influencing eye-witness testimony, includingconsideration of reliability: weapon focusto include studiesThe concept of weapon focus is often relevant during eyewitness testimony. Explain how weapon focus affects eyewitness testimony. (3)SAMS1Factors influencing jury decision-making, including characteristics of the defendant to include studies Juries are used in criminal trials to determine an individual’s guilt or innocence. Juries can be influenced by factors other than the evidence presented. On 2nd September 2014 at a Crown Court in England two trials were proceeding. The first was of a 24-year-old female fashion model. The other was of a 64-year-old businessman. They have both been accused of assaulting their respective partners. Assess how characteristics of these defendants may affect the judgements of the juries during these two criminal trials. You must make reference to the context in your answer. (16)SAMS1Factors influencing jury decision-making, including pre-trial publicityto include studiesIndividual differences Personality as a factor in criminal/anti-social behaviourIndividual differences affecting whether a self-fulfilling prophecy occurs, e.g. with regard to developing criminal or anti-social behaviour.Developmental psychology● The self-fulfilling prophecy is an explanation for criminal/anti-social behaviour that explains development of some individuals● Social learning theory is a theory of human development that can account for criminal/ anti-social behaviour● Other causes for criminal/anti-social behaviour, including biological, can explain development.You will have learned about social explanations of crime and anti-social behaviour. Evaluate social learning theory as an explanation of crime and anti-social behaviour. (16)SAMS2Syllabus AreasQuestionWhen/ Where Date achievedMETHODSResearch methods used to assess eye-witness effectiveness:laboratory experimentsfield experiments.Research methods used to assess eye-witness effectiveness: case studies Sampling Benito used a random sample. Describe how he would have selected his sample. (2)Paper 2 June 2017Reliability, validity, objectivity, credibility and ethics in research in criminological psychology.measures of central tendencyfrequency tablesmeasures of dispersion (range and standard deviation) correlationsmeta-analysislevels of measurement;critical and observed valuesdrawing conclusionsstats test (chi, MW, W, Sp)Benito carried out some research into the effects of anger management treatment with offenders. He recorded the number of aggressive acts offenders displayed. The offenders who had anger management treatment had a mean score of 3.4 aggressive acts. The offenders who did not have anger management treatment had a mean score of 7.9 aggressive acts. State which statistical test Benito would use to analyse his data. (1) State three reasons why Benito would use the statistical test you identified in (i). (3)Paper 2 June 2017A group of students have been having difficulties in managing their anger and were advised to attend an anger-management programme. They completed an anger assessment before and after attending the anger-management programme. Researchers wanted to see if there were gender differences in the effectiveness of the programme. The anger assessment results for males and females are presented in Table 2.Calculate chi-squared for this data by completing Table 3. (4)Analyse the results of the chi-squared test to show whether there were gender differences in how well the treatment worked. (2)SAMS1Sofia carried out an experiment investigating the effects of a defendant’s clothing on the decision making of juries. Sofia had two groups of participants. Group A saw the guilty defendant wearing a suit, and group B saw the guilty defendant wearing jogging bottoms and a t-shirt. She asked her participants to decide how long, in months, the defendant should spend in jail. Identify the level of measurement Sofia used in her experiment. (1)Calculate the median number of months the defendant should spend in jail when wearing jogging bottoms and a t-shirt. (1)Explain why Sofia used the median rather than the mean as a measure of central tendency. (2)Complete Table 3 and calculate the Mann-Whitney U for the data in Table 3. (4)SAM2thematic analysisgrounded theoryBritish Psychological Society (BPS) Code of Ethics and Conduct (2009)Including risk management when carrying out research in psychologyHealth and Care Professions Council (HCPC) principles for undertaking psychological, formulation and intervention. Syllabus AreasQuestionWhen/where Date achievedSTUDIESClassic study Loftus and Palmer (1974) One contemporary study from the following: Bradbury and Williams, (2013), Valentine and Mesout (2009) Howells et al. (2005) KEY QUESTIONOne key issue of relevance to today’s society, discussed as a contemporary issue for society rather than as an academic argument.Concepts, theories and/or research as appropriate to the chosen key question drawn from criminological psychology as given in this specification.Suitable examples ● Is eye-witness testimony too unreliable to trust? ● Should jury bias lead to the abolishment of juries?You will have learnt about a key question from criminological psychology that is relevant to today’s society. Assess the key question from criminological psychology. (16)Paper 2 June 2017PRACTICALOne practical research exercise to gather data relevant to topics covered in criminological psychology. The practical research exercise must adhere to ethical principles in both content and intention. In conducting the practical research exercise, students must: ● conduct a questionnaire, interview or an experiment● gather qualitative and/or quantitative data but must involve quantitative data for analysis (can turn qualitative data into quantitative date for analysis purposes)● include inferential statistical testing● include research question/hypothesis; research method; sampling; ethical considerations; data collection tools; data analysis; results; discussion● consider strengths and weaknesses of the practical research exercise and possible improvements.Suitable examples● An experiment into the use of cognitive interview concerning recall of a specific event● View a crime/courtroom drama and conduct an interview/questionnaire on participants about the reasons why the defendants may have committed the crime they are accused of. AdditionalDescribe two areas of interest you have studied in criminological psychology (4)Syllabus AreasQuestionWhen/whereDate achievedISSUES AND DEBATESEthics Practical issues in the design and implementation of research Reductionism Comparisons between ways of explaining behaviour using different themes Psychology as a science Culture and gender Nature-nurture An understanding of how psychological understanding has developed over time Issues of social control The use of psychological knowledge within society Issues related to socially sensitive research ................
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