Biology Semester 1 Final Exam - Dearborn Public Schools
Biology Semester 1 Final Exam
Study Guide
Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
1. On the pH scale, the lower numbers mean _________ and the higher numbers mean ________. (pg. 44)
Chapter 3: Biochemistry
2. Most of the molecules that make up living things are made from which element? (51)
3. List the 4 macromolecules. (53)
4. What is the function of carbohydrates? (55)
5. Glycogen, used to store energy in the liver and muscle tissue, is an example of which type of macromolecule? (56)
6. Amino acids are the building blocks of which macromolecule? (56)
7. Which element is found in proteins, but not in carbohydrates and lipids? (56)
8. Which macromolecule makes up part of cell membranes? (59)
9. An organism’s genetic information is stored in which type of macromolecule? (60)
Chapter 4: Cell Structure and Function
10. List the 3 parts of cell theory. (70)
11. The size of a cell is limited by its… (73)
12. The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the... (82)
13. List the major functions of the plasma membrane. (77)
Chapter 5: Homeostasis and Cell Transport
14. What is a contractile vacuole? (99)
15. Why is drinking seawater harmful to humans? (Hint: Think about osmosis and hypertonic solutions!) (98)
16. Define diffusion. (97)
17. When would substances be likely to enter a cell through diffusion? (97)
18. Define osmosis. (98)
19. Which way does water move during osmosis? (98)
Chapter 6: Photosynthesis
20. Which process is directly used by producers (plants) to store energy in glucose? (113)
21. What is the equation for photosynthesis? (114)
22. In what organelle does photosynthesis occur? (114)
23. Where did the energy stored in glucose originally come from? (113)
24. During photosynthesis, _________ energy is converted into ___________ energy. (114)
25. During photosynthesis, the energy from the sun splits the water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. What happens to the oxygen during the process of photosynthesis? (117)
26. Plants produce large amounts of oxygen during photosynthesis because…(Hint: See #14). (pg. 117)
27. An acorn weighs approximately 200 grams. A full grown oak tree can weigh almost 10 metric tons (20,000,000 grams)! How do you explain where this extra mass comes from? (113)
28. In which organelle is a cell’s ATP energy produced? (80)
29. If plants have chloroplasts that capture energy from sunlight and store it as chemical energy in glucose, why do they also have mitochondria? (80)
Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration
30. Why is cellular respiration considered the opposite of photosynthesis? (131-132)
31. How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related? (131-132)
32. Why would an athlete lose weight over time if she increased her activity level but changed nothing else? (Hint: Cellular Respiration) (pg. 131)
Homeostasis
33. The human body ha a system for returning pH to normal levels after exercise. This body process is called…(71)
34. If you are dehydrated, what would happen to your urine production in order to maintain homeostasis? (993)
35. How does perspiring (sweating) help the body maintain homeostasis? (925)
36. What is the function of the kidneys? (993)
37. What is the function of the circulatory system? (909)
38. What is the function of the digestive system? (909)
39. Microbes that enter the body, causing disease, are known as…(957)
Ecology
Ch. 18 - Ecology
1. List several biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem. Page 363
2. The maintenance of a self-sustaining ecosystem requires what? Page 362
3. Define producers. Page 366
4. In going from one trophic level to the next, what happens to the energy available? Does it increase or decrease? Page 369
5. Name the parts of the water cycle. Page 371
6. If hawks were to hunt snakes to near extinction, what would happen to the rest of the ecosystem? Think about the prey population (mice that snakes usually eat) and the predator population (hawks).
7. What is a decomposer? Give 2 examples.
8. What is a biogeochemical cycle? List the four cycles briefly and describe each one. Pages371-374
9. If lots of hot water were dumped into a lake, what would happen to the amount of oxygen available to the fish? Hint: Hint removes the amount of oxygen from water.
10. How much of the total energy is transferred from one energy level to the next in an energy pyramid? page 369
11. The producers in an ecosystem produce 25,000,000 kilocalories per year. How much energy is most likely available to the organisms in Level 2 of the pyramid? Remember that only 10% of the energy is passed on to each level. Page 366
12. How many levels can there be in an energy pyramid? Why?
13. What is a consumer? Give three examples. Page 367
14. What’s the difference between a food chain and a food web? Draw an example of each. Page 368
Ch. 20 - Community Interactions
1. Define Succession. Page 408
2. Explain secondary succession. Give an example. Page 408
Ch. 22 - Humans Impact on Environment
1. How have the activities of people accelerated (sped up) extinction? Page 442
2. How has human pollution impacted the ozone layer? Page 440
3. Are habitat destruction, hunting, and extinction all caused by human activity? Explain. Page 442
4. The pesticide DDT accumulates in the fatty tissue of animals and is transferred along food chains. DDT’s concentration (amount) increases as the food chain increases. This is called biological magnification. What organism in the food chain would receive the highest concentration of DDT? Producers, Primary Consumers, Herbivores or a Top Predator?
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