THE NATURE OF LIFE
1-1 THE Scientific Method
[pic] The goal of science;
• To investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions.
Science;
• is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world
1-2 THE Scientific Method
Observation
-using one or more of the __senses____ to collect information (data).
Inference
- a logical __conclusion_____ based on prior experience or knowledge
Data
- information gathered from observations using our senses, usually in the form of a ____measurement______
Hypothesis
- a testable prediction
-the process of developing a possible ____answer ______ to a problem or question.. In the form of an “ If……, then” statement.
Ex.: If Miracle Grow fertilizer is added to the tomato plants, then they will grow bigger in mass.
Scientific Method
– steps used to ____investigate_________ questions
Controlled Experiment
- Series of test or trials used to test a hypothesis
- A controlled experiment always has two groups:
1) Experimental group – this is the group that _ receives some sort of treatment__
2) Control Group – this is the group that _gets no treatment or a placebo____
We need both groups so that we can compare them. If we only had an experimental group we would not really know if our treatment had an effect.
. What do scientists do?
Steps of the Scientific Method
1. Ask Questions- that can be tested and answered through experiments
2. Make Observations- Using tools (ex. Microscope, ruler, balance)
or senses
3. Make Inferences- ideas based on observations
4. Experiment- Create a hypothesis – prediction that can be tested
-experiment either supports or not support hypot
5. Collect Data – During experiment -organized in a data table, graph, chart, diagram, etc.
6. Draw Conclusions- Decide if data sup ports hy p othesis or not
7. Repeat- experiment several times to be sure of results. The more trials or samples the less chance for an error
8. Peer Review- publish results so that other scientists can repeat and review the experiment and conclusions
Experimentation
- controlled experiment is used to test a hypothesis.
- A good controlled experiment must have
1) Control Group – used as a
__comparison for experimental group____________ .
2) Experimental Group – differs from the control by one variable (the group that _ receives the treatment ___ or factor being tested.
3) __Only Independent variable________ is tested . All other variables are controlled.
4) A sufficient number of test subjects. The __more accurate ___ the results.
5) Publish the results.
Variables
There are ___3____ types of variable in a controlled experiment
Independent Variable
– The __thing_________ you manipulate or change ( amt of water, fertilizer, temperature or time at which you collect or measure the data)
Dependent Variable
– what ___you measure or count__________ in the experiment.
-----------------------
Dependent
-what is measured or counted
-responds to what is changed in the independent variable
- ex. how tall, how many, what mass
Independent
- what the experimenter changes or chooses
- ex. time interval (when to measure), the amount of fertilizer, pH, temperature, amount of light, concentration of salt, etc
Controlled
- all the other things that can influence the results of an experiment.
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