DNA Replication - Abby & Katie's Study Guides



Chp 10: Molecular Biology of the GeneGene: a discrete unit of _______________ information consisting of a specific _________sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some _________). Most of the genes of a eukaryote are located in its chromosomal DNA; a few are carried by the DNA of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Gene: portion of a ___________ responsible for the expression of a _____________ Bacteriaphages (or phages for short): viruses that infect ___________cells10.2 DNA & RNA are Polymers of NucleotidesDNA and RNA are __________ One of the strands of DNA is a DNA polynucleotide, a nucleotide ____________ (chain)A Nucleotide is composed Nitrogenous Base ________ Sugar ________ GroupThe nucleotides are joined to one another by a ___________ backbone Each type of DNA nucleotide has a different Nitrogen-containing base Adenine (A)_______ (C)Thymine (T)________(G)RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)- uses ________ (instead of deoxyribose in DNA)- has a Nitrogenous base Uracil (U) instead of ________DNA Replication10.5 DNA Replication proceeds in 2 directions at many sites simultaneouslyDNA replication begins at the origins of replication whereDNA _____________ at the origin to produce a “bubble”Replication proceeds in both directions from the origin and Replication ends when __________________________________________DNA replication occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction Replication is _____________ on the 3’ to 5’ template Replication is discontinuous on the ___________ template, forming short segments2 key proteins are involved in DNA replication DNA Ligase joins small fragments into a ____________ DNA Polymerase Adds ____________ to a growing chain Proofreads and corrects improper _______________ DNA polymerases and DNA Ligase also repair DNA damaged by _________ and ______________DNA replication ensures that all the ___________ (all cells except for sex cells) in a multicellular organism carry the same _____________ Answers Gene: a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses). Most of the genes of a eukaryote are located in its chromosomal DNA; a few are carried by the DNA of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Gene: portion of a chromosome responsible for the expression of a character Bacteriaphages (or phages for short): viruses that infect bacterial cells10.2 DNA & RNA are Polymers of NucleotidesDNA and RNA are nucleic acidsOne of the strands of DNA is a DNA polynucleotide, a nucleotide polymer (chain)A Nucleotide is composed Nitrogenous Base 5-Carbon Sugar Phosphate GroupThe nucleotides are joined to one another by a sugar-phosphate backbone Each type of DNA nucleotide has a different Nitrogen-containing base Adenine (A)Cytosine (C)Thymine (T)Guanine (G)RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)- uses sugar ribose (instead of deoxyribose in DNA)- has a Nitrogenous base Uracil (U) instead of ThymineDNA Replication10.5 DNA Replication proceeds in 2 directions at many sites simultaneouslyDNA replication begins at the origins of replication whereDNA unwinds at the origin to produce a “bubble”Replication proceeds in both directions from the origin and Replication ends when products from the bubbles merge with each other DNA replication occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction Replication is continuous on the 3’ to 5’ template Replication is discontinuous on the 5’ to 3’ template, forming short segments2 key proteins are involved in DNA replication DNA Ligase joins small fragments into a continuous chain DNA Polymerase Adds nucleotides to a growing chain Proofreads and corrects improper base pairings DNA polymerases and DNA Ligase also repair DNA damaged by radiation and toxic chemicalsDNA replication ensures that all the somatic cells (all cells except for sex cells) in a multicellular organism carry the same genetic information ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download