BIOLOGY



BIOLOGY NOTES 2.4 NAME:

BIOCHEMISTRY PART 4 DAY / MOD:

PAGES 50-56 DATE:

Standards:

____ Describe the structures of proteins and amino acids. Explain the functions of proteins in living

organisms. Identify some reactions that amino acids undergo. Relate the structure and function of

enzymes.

____ Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical

reactions. Identify factors such as pH and temperature, and their effect on enzyme activity.

Essential Question:

1.

I. Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reaction = a process that changes one set of ______________ into another

• In a chemical reaction, chemical __________ must be broken and new __________ formed

❖ reactants = the chemicals that ____________ the reaction and undergo transformation

❖ products = the chemicals that ____________ the reaction

e.g.

II. Reactions That Build & Break Polymers

Most nutrients as well as nucleic acids are also ______________________ or giant molecules.

Once food is taken into the body, these large molecules are _________________ down and used to

build other ________________.

A. Building Polymers (Macromolecules)

Dehydration Synthesis = the process that occurs to make _________________ by removing ____________ and forming ______________ bonds between ____ monomers

• This process occurs to join:

1. amino acids into ________________

2. nucleotides into _________________

3. monosaccharides into _____________________ which can join together to form polysaccharides

B. Breaking Polymers (Macromolecules)

Hydrolysis = the process that occurs to break the ______________________ bonds in polymers by adding ________________ and results in smaller ___________________

• in the body this is known as ________________________

• The process occurs to break down:

1. proteins into ______________ acids

2. nucleic acids into ______________________

3. polysaccharides into ________________________ which can be broken down to ________________________

III. Speeding Chemical Reactions

Activation energy = the amount of ____________ required to _____________ a chemical reaction

A. Catalysts & Enzymes

Catalyst = any substance that ________________ up a chemical reaction

• catalysts lower the amount of ________________ energy needed for a reaction to ________

Enzyme = a type of protein that acts as a _________________ for specific chemical

__________________

• enzymes lower the amount of _______________ energy in a chemical reaction

e.g.

• Enzymes are named for the _________________ reaction they act as a _______________ on

❖ enzymes usually end in ___________

e.g.

B. The Lock & Key Model : How Enzymes Work

1. the enzyme is the __________ and has a specific _____________ where only certain substrates will fit

➢ substrate = the reactants of a chemical _______________ on which the enzyme will act upon

2. the substrate, or ________________, will fit into the reaction at the _______________ site

e.g.

C. Enzymes Denatured

Denaturization = the destruction of an _______________

1. denaturization can occur through changes in ________________, pH, pressure or other ______________ called inhibitors

2. if enzymes are _________________ they lose their structure and cannot ____________________

-----------------------

STUDENT SYNTHESIS

To demonstrate knowledge of the information contained within these notes, within the space below EITHER 1. Create two higher level test questions and answers based on the information OR 2. Write a comprehensive one-sentence summary of the information

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download