2nd Nine Week Biology Exam



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2nd Nine Week Biology Exam Review

1. What type of transport moves substances AGAINST their concentration gradient?

Active Transport

2. If a cell contains 30% solute and the environment is 50% solute, what direction will the water move?

Out of the cell

3. How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different?

Prokaryote:

• No nucleus

• No membrane bound organelles

• Unicellular

Eukaryote:

• Nucleus

• Membrane bound organelles

• Multicelluar

4. What organelle stores water in eukaryotic cells? Vacuole

5. If a scientist is trying to determine the age of a fossil and they discover that there is only ¼ of the C-14 left. How many half-lifes have occurred?

2 half-lifes

6. Draw a prokaryotic cell.

7. Draw an animal cell.

[pic]

8. Draw the HIV virus.

[pic]

9. Draw a plant cell.

[pic]

10. What is the bodies first line of defense?

Skin, Mucus, Tears/Saliva

11. HIV infects what type of cell?

Helper T Cell

12. Antigensexist on the surface of viruses. After a macrophage engulfs the virus it displays it on its surface in order to alert surrounding cells.

13. The capsid is a proteincoat that surrounds the genetic material of a virus.

14. Label the pictures below according to what biomolecule group they belong.

15. Label the neuron:

16. What is the function of “w”? Receives the stimulus from the neighboring neuron

17. What is the function of “x”? control center of the cell

18. What is the function of “y”? transmits the signal down towards the next neuron

19. What is the function of “z”? releases neurotransmitters into the synapse

20. How does the endocrine system maintain homeostasis? Monitoring hormone levels in the body

21. Explain what must occur in order for you to remove your hand quickly after touching a hot object. The sensory neuron sends signal to the interneuron which sends a signal to the motor neuron which tells the muscles to move.

22. What body systems must work together to do this? Nervous, Muscular, Integumentary and Skeletal

23. What are the differences between a plant cell and an animal cell?

Plant

• Cell wall

• Large central vacuole

• Chloroplasts

Animal

• No cell wall

• Small vacuole

• No chloroplasts/mitochondria only

24. Construct a Venn diagram for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

[pic]

25. What are the shapes of prokaryotic cells?

Spherical (Round), Rod, Spiral

26. The endocrine system uses hormones as chemical messengers.

27. How is sweat a defensive mechanism against microbes? What part of immune response is this? It creates an unfavorable environment for microbes, this is a part of innate immunity and is a non-specific response

28. What body systems must work together to deliver oxygen through the body? Circulatory and Respiratory

29. What body systems help defend the body? Integumentary (Skin) and Immune System

30. Urea is removed from the body using which organ? Kidneys

31. Define Hypotonic: Lower concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell, so water moves INTO the cell.

32. Define hypertonic: Higher concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell, so water moves OUT of the cell.

33. Define isotonic: Equal concentration of solutes inside and outside the cell, therefore water moves into and out of the cell at an EQUAL rate.

34. What’s the difference for endocytosis and exocytosis? Draw an example for each.

Endocytosis is the bulk transport of materials INTO the cell via vesicles and exocytosis is the bulk transport of materials OUT of the cell via vesicles.

35. Dinosaurs became extinct at the end of which time period? Cretaceous

36. What pigment gives a plant cell its green color? Chlorophyll

37. What body system is the skin a part of? Integumentary System

38. What evidence supports the Endosymbiotic Theory? Both the mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA different from the DNA in the nucleus. Also, they both resemble a prokaryotic cell in appearance.

39. Most protists are unicellular and eukaryotic.

40. The pituitary gland is a part of the endocrine system which releases hormones as chemical messengers to target cells or glands.

41. Define homeostasis. Maintaining internal balance within a organism

42. Which two body systems work to deliver oxygen to the cells? Respiratory and Circulatory

43. What two systems provide defense from injury or illness? Integumentary and Immune System

44. What organ is responsible for removing urea from the body? Kidney

45. What body system regulates hormones? Endocrine System

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Carbohydrate

Protein

Lipid

Lipid (phospholipid)

W=Dendrites

X=Nucleus

Y=Axon

Z=Axon Terminals

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