Standard Biology Test Cell Unit



Honors Biology Test Cell Unit 11.16.11 & 11.17.11

Name: _______________________

Part I. Matching organelle function.

a. mitochondria a. nucleus a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

b. cell wall b. cytoskeleton b. vacuole

c. nucleoid c. flagella c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

d. chloroplast d. pilus d. cytosol

e. nucleolus e. lysosome e. endospore

a. cell membrane b. golgi (apparatus) c. centrosome

d. peroxisome e. secretory vesicle a. Storage granules

1. lysosome This organelle breaks things down in the cell that are no longer needed.

2. peroxisome Protects the cell from its own production of toxic hydrogen peroxide.

3. cell wall The organelle which is responsible for giving the cell shape, protecting it,

and controlling what goes in and out of the cell. Found in plant, fungi, and

bacteria cells, but NOT animal cells.

4. smooth ER This organelle has a variety of functions, depending on what type of cell it

is found in. For instance, in liver cells it is responsible for breaking things

down, whereas in muscle cells it is involved in calcium release for muscle

contraction.

5. centrosome Where microtubules are produced. Also, responsible for the production of

spindle fibers during cell division. The organizing center of the

cytoskeleton.

6. vacuole The organelle where water, waste products, and nutrients are stored. This

organelle is much larger in plant cells than in animal cells.

7. secretory vesicle Cell secrections (for example, hormones and neurotransmitters are

packaged in these organelles and then released at the cell’s surface).

8. cell membrane This organelle is the “gatekeeper” of the animal cell. It controls what

comes in and out of the cell.

9. mitochondria The organelle in which energy is produced. The powerhouse of the cell.

10. cytosol The liquid gel-like substance in the cell.

11. nucleolus This organelle produces ribosomes.

12. nucleoid DNA in the bacterial cell is generally confined to this central region.

13. storage granules A place where nutrients and reserves are stored in the form

glycogen, lipid, or polyphosphate molecules.

14. endospores structures that are highly resistant to drought, high temperature and other

environmental hazards, and can produce new bacteria populations.

15. pilus (pili) Hairlike structures made of protein which allow bacteria to attach to other

cells or surfaces.

16. flagella A whip-like tail which allows the cell to move.

17. chloroplast The organelle where photosynthesis takes place. Found in autotroph cells.

18. cytoskeleton This organelle gives the cell shape, and is involved in cell division.

19. golgi apparatusThis organelle is responsible for packaging and transport in the cell.

20. rough ER This organelle is located next to the nucleus, and is studded with

ribosomes.

21. nucleus The control center of the cell. Where the DNA is housed.

Section 2. Cell Structures

Using the word bank, please mark your answers on your scantron for the diagram questions below. The options are NOT organized by diagram, but there IS one option for each.

a. Mitochondria 23 a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum 24

b. Chloroplast 30 b. Nucleus 27

c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 25 c. Vacuole 29

d. Cell membrane 22 d. Cell wall

e. Golgi apparatus 28 e. Cytoskeleton 26

[pic]

[pic]

Section 3. Discovery of Cells and Early Microscopes.

Match the following scientists to the BEST description of their work.

a. Leeuwenhoek

b. Robert Hooke

d. Theodor Schwann

e. Matthias Schleiden

a. Rudolf Virchow

32. Hooke Coined the term cell after observing cells in a cork.

33. Schwann Proposed that animals are made up of cells.

34. Schleiden Proposed that plants are made up of cells.

35. Virchow Proposed that cells come from other living cells. “Omnis cellula e

cellula”

36. Leewenhoek Greatly improved the compound microscope. First observed Protists

and blood under a microscope.

37. The cells of multicellular organisms are:

a. Smaller than those of unicellular organisms.

b. Simpler than those of unicellular organisms

c. Specialized to perform particular functions.

d. Not dependent on one another.

38. If the cell of an organism contains a nucleus, the organism is a

a. plant

b. prokaryote

c. animal

d. eukaryote

33. All bacteria contain (choose the best answer)

a. multiple cells

b. capsules

c. nuclei

d. prokaryotic cells

e. outer membranes

Section 4. Cell Transport.

Label the following diagram with the following structures.

34. B a. phospholipid molecule

35. C b. protein channel

36. E c. carbohydrate chain

37. D d. protein

38. A e. phospholipid bilayer

[pic]

Label the phospholipid molecule

Using the following word bank choose the best description below.

a. Osmosis a. Facilitated Diffusion

b. Active Transport b. Exocytosis

c. Sodium-Potassium Pump c. hypotonic solution

d. hypertonic solution d. isotonic solution

e. Endocytosis e. Passive Transport

39. passive transport A type of cellular transport that requires no energy input, and moves particles from high to low concentration.

40. hypotonic solution A solution that has fewer solutes than inside the cell.

41. sodium-potassium pumpA specific example of active transport. This system is one thing that is critical for proper muscle functioning.

42. active tranportWhen particles are moved against the concentration gradient, or from

low to high concentration. This requires energy.

43. osmosisA specialized type of diffusion: when water molecules move across a

semi-permeable membrane with the concentration gradient.

44. endocytosis A cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment. A type of

active transport. Also a type of bulk transport.

45. facilitated transport The passive transport of materials across the plasma membrane with the aid of channel proteins.

46. hypertonic solution This is a solution with more solutes than the cell that is in the solution.

47. exocytosis The expulsion or secretion of materials from a cell. This is a common

method of releasing waste and hormones. This is a method of active

transport, and a type of bulk transport.

48. isotonic solution When a solution contains the same concentration of solutes as those in the cell.

49. Amoebas and other unicellular organisms might eat through:

a. diffusion c. endocytosis

b. osmosis d. exocytosis

45. In the egg demonstration, which of the following was taking place? (Choose the best answer).

a. diffusion c. endocytosis

b. osmosis d. exocytosis

Label the following with a (A) for passive transport, or an (B) for active transport.

46. active endocytosis 49. Active Sodium-Potassium Pump

47. passive Osmosis 50. Active Exocytosis

48. passive Diffusion 51. Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion

58. Which organelle does cellular respiration take place in eukaryotic cells?

a. mitochondria c. lysosome

b. vacuole d. chloroplast

Free Response. Choose 3, 10 points each.

1. Write the three original components of the cell theory.

Describe the difference between diffusion, osmosis and facilitated transport.

2. Explain what happened in the egg demonstration. Make sure to use specific terms to describe the types of solutions involved, and the type of transport involved.

Short Answer: Use the diagram below to answer the following questions:

A student put together the set up shown below. The selectively permeable membrane is permeable only to the water.

= Sugar

= Water

1. Which side of the set-up contains a more concentrated solution? ___________

2. Predict what will happen to the particles in the set-up over time.

a. Why does the phenomenon in question 2 occur?

b. What is the name given to the phenomenon in question 2?

3. Once equilibrium is reached in the set up, will the molecules continue to move? Why or why not?

4. If the diagram represented a cell, what method would the cell have to use to transport the sugar molecules across its membrane if the concentration of sugar molecules was higher inside the cell than outside the cell?

Use the diagram below to answer the following questions: (Test tubes are arranged 1,2,3 from left to right.)

Essay: Answer the following in complete sentences that show you thoroughly understand the concept.

How are osmosis, diffusion, and facilitated transport similar? How are they different?

Bonus:

1. Chlorophyll a appears

a. yellow-green because these wavelengths are reflected by the pigment

b. yellow-green because these wavelengths are absorbed by the pigment

c. blue-green because these wavelengths are reflected by the pigment

d. blue-green because these wavelengths are absorbed by the pigment

2. Where do plants obtain phosphates from (for the formation of ATP)? Heterotrophs?

3. Is the ATP of ADP molecule more stable?

a. ATP b. ADP

4. Trace back the energy in your favorite food to energy converted through photosynthesis. Be specific!

5. What types of molecules CANNOT pass directly through the phospholipid bilayer and WHY?

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23

22

24

26

27

30

28

31

34

35.

36.

25

29

37.

38.

Side

B

Side

A

Selectively permeable membrane

5. Of hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic, what type of solution is found in test tube one? How do you know?

6. Of hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic, what type of solution is found in test tube two? How do you know?

7. Of hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic, what type of solution is found in test tube three? How do you know?

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