BIOLOGY



BIOLOGY NOTES NAME:

CELLS PART 3 DAY / MOD:

PAGES 84, 722-728 DATE:

Standards:

____ Explain the role of cell membranes as highly selective barriers

____ Identify the major parts of the brain on diagrams or models

Essential Question:

1.

I. Cell Receptors = a _____________ that detects a signal molecule and performs a ___________ in response

• cell receptors only bind to specific shaped molecules called ________________

• this ensures that only the right cell receives the right _________________

TYPES OF RECEPTORS:

1. intracellular = receptors ___________ the cell which means the message or ______________ must cross the cell membrane

➢ common form of how __________________ work

2. membrane receptors = receptors located on the _____________ of the cell membrane which change shapes in response to a bound ______________ in order to communicate the message inside the cell

➢ used when the ligand is usually too _____________ to cross cell membrane

II. Nervous System - The Body’s Electro-Chemical Communication System

A. Functions

1. Gather information from _______________ and ______________ the organism

2. Transmit this information in the form of _________________ and _______________ messages to the brain

3. Process the information and choose the best ______________ that will keep the organism in homeostasis

4. Send the decision to _____________, glands, and/or _________ through _____________ or _________________ messages so they can perform appropriate actions

B. Neurons = the basic nerve cell which functions to carry ________________ through the nervous system in the forms of nerve _________________ and neurotransmitters

➢ neurotransmitter = the chemical form of ____________ that travels within the ____________ system and allow neurons to communicate with other ________

➢ in order for 2 neurons to communicate, the ____________________ must be allowed into the cell which means it must be recognized by cell membrane _____________ and possibly ______________ or be actively transported across the cell ____________________

DIAGRAM OF NEURON COMMUNICATION:

C. The Brain = The major_____________ unit of the body made of many _______________ which receives messages about the environment and decides which _______________ to take in order to keep an organism alive

➢ can be divided into different __________ each having specific controls

Sections of the Brain:

1. Cerebrum = area of the brain responsible for all _____________ activities of the body as well as personality and ________________

✓ consists of the __________ and __________ hemispheres which can communicate with each other using the ____________ callosum

▪ the left hemisphere controls muscles and senses located on the _________ side of the body as well as ____________, logic, and __________

▪ the right hemisphere controls muscles and senses located on the _________ side of the body as well as spatial abilities, facial recognition, visual imagery, and ___________

✓ as a whole, the cerebrum can be divided into different _____________, each responsible for specific controls

a. frontal lobe = part of the cerebrum in charge of planning, _______________, problem-solving, movement (___________ cortex), and some aspects of speech (____________ area); also considered the area where the seat of ______________ lies

b. temporal lobe = part of the cerebrum in charge of _____________, speech reception, and some parts of the ________________ (hippocampus)

c. parietal lobe = part of the cerebrum that detects changes in the skin including ___________, heat, __________, pain, and the position of the body in space

d. occipital lobe = part of the cerebrum that is in charge of _____________

2. Cerebellum = area of the brain responsible for coordinating body __________________

✓ Puts commands for movement received from the ________________ into action with _______________

3. Brain Stem = area of the brain that connects the brain to the ____________ cord and regulates ___________________ action

e.g.

a. medulla oblongata

b. pons

4. Thalamus = receives messages from the ____________ and relays to the correct part of the __________________ for further processing

5. Hypothalamus = part of the brain which controls ____________, thirst, anger, fatigue, ____________ temperature and coordinates responses with the _________________ system

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STUDENT SYNTHESIS

To demonstrate knowledge of the information contained within these notes, within the space below EITHER 1. Create two higher level test questions and answers based on the information OR 2. Write a comprehensive one-sentence summary of the information

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