Biochemistry Test Review Cards



|1. All matter is composed of __________. |2. What are the three parts of an atom? |3. ______________ and _____________ are found in the|

|atoms |Proton, neutron, electron |nucleus of the atom. |

| | |Protons and neutrons |

|4. The atomic number tells you the number of |5. What is the formula for finding the number of |6. How many protons, neutrons and electrons does |

|________________ in that element. |neutrons? |each of these elements have? |

|Protons (and also electrons) |Atomic mass – atomic number |Carbon6P, 6N, and 6E |

| | | |

| | |Aluminum13P, 14N, & 13 E |

|7. What is the difference between ionic and covalent|8. How many electrons are in the first and second |9. If an element has 18 protons and 22 neutrons, |

|bonds? |electron shell? |what element is it? (Use periodic table) |

|Ionic transfers electrons ex) NaCl (Table Salt) |2 Electrons in the first |Argon |

|Covalent shares electrons ex) CO2 and H2O |8 Electrons in the second | |

|10. What is a chemical reaction? |11. Which of the following is an acid? |12. What is a solution and how is it different from a|

| | |suspension? |

|A reaction where bonds are broken and reformed to |6.7, 4.7, 9.6, 1.3, 8.1 |Solutions are homogenous mixtures (evenly mixed) a |

|create new compounds or molecules | |suspension is not evenly mixed and particles are |

| | |still evident in the liquid. |

| | | |

| | | |

|13. Why is water considered a polar molecule? |14. What makes a solution an acid? |15. What makes a solution a base? |

|It has a positive (H side) and negative (O side) end.| | |

| |Greater concentration of Hydrogen ions (H+) |Smaller concentration of Hydrogen ions (H+) and more |

| | |Hydroxide Ions (OH-) |

|16. What is cohesion? |17. What is adhesion? |18. Why is water a universal solvent? |

| | | |

|The attraction of like particles (2 or more of the |The attraction of different particles (2 or more |Water has the ability to dissolve almost any |

|same substance) |different substance) |substance in solution. |

|ex) water and water |ex) water and glass | |

| | | |

|Surface Tension is because of cohesion |Capillary Action | |

|19. Which of the following is a base? |20. Organic Compounds |21. What are polymers? |

| |are often called __carbon__ compounds because they | |

|6.7, 4.7, 9.6, 1.3, 8.1 |all contain this element. |A combination of monomers, same repeated unit. |

| | | |

| | |Ex) Polysaccharide or Polypeptide chain |

|22. What is a monomer? |23. What are the main elements found in living |24. What are the four groups of organic molecules |

| |organisms? |found in living things? |

| | | |

|A single base unit which is made to create large |CHNOPS |Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins |

|polymers | | |

| | | |

|Ex) nucleotide | | |

|25. What do living things use carbohydrates for? |26. What elements make up carbohydrates? |27. What is the ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, and |

| | |Oxygen in a carbohydrate molecule? |

|Quick Energy |CHO | |

| | |Always 2H:1O (H20) |

|28. What is a polysaccharide? |29. Cellulose is a ___Starch___ that is found in |30. Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and |

|A large polymer made up of monosaccharides. This is |__Plants__. |muscles of animals in the form of |

|a type of carbohydrate which is commonly called | | |

|starch. | |Glycogen |

|31. What do living things use lipids for? |32. What is the basic structure of a lipid? |33. What is the difference between a saturated and |

| | |unsaturated fatty acid? |

|Stored Energy |1 Glycerol and 3 Fatty Acids, Shaped like the letter |Unsaturated Fats have a double bond in their fatty |

|Insulation |E |acid chain and saturated does not. Unsaturated Fats |

|Large Component of the Cell Membrane (Phospholipid) | |are also liquid at room temperature and saturated are|

| | |solid at room temperature |

|34. Lipids do not mix with water because they are |35. Lipids are a key component of this portion of a |36. Proteins are used to help __transport__ |

|considered to be ___Hydrophobic (Nonpolar)____ |cell. |molecules through the cell membrane. |

|Molecules. | | |

| | | |

| |Cell Membrane | |

|37. Proteins are polymers formed from __Amino |38. What elements are found in a protein? |39. Give an example of a protein. |

|Acids____ | | |

| |CHNO(S) |Found in steak and beans |

| | |Major structural component in living organisms, |

| | |muscle, skin, hair, etc |

|40. The monomer for a nucleic acid is the |41. What do living things use nucleic acids for? |42. Identify the parts of a nucleotide. |

|___Nucleotide___. | | |

| |Store and Transmit Genetic Information. |Ribose Sugar |

| | |Phosphate Group |

| |Also Cellular Energy (Energy Currency) |Nitrogen Base |

|43. Sketch the graph of an endergonic reaction. |44. Sketch the graph of a reaction with an enzyme |45. Enzymes are a type of __protein__ that is |

|[pic] |vs. without an enzyme. |required for chemical__ reactions to occur. |

| |Red is with an enzyme and black is without | |

| |[pic] | |

|46. Enzymes are catalysts. What does this mean? |47. An enzyme speeds up a reaction by decreasing |48. What is hydrolysis? |

|The speed up the rate of a reaction allowing the |activation energy. | |

|reaction to happen at a quicker pace. | |The breaking of a larger molecule into smaller |

| | |molecules using water as a reactant. |

|49. What is a dehydration synthesis reaction? |50. In a chemical reaction, a reactant binds to an |51. What is substrate? |

| |enzyme at a region known as the active site. | |

|The combining of two smaller molecules into one | |The molecule/compound which the enzyme is working on.|

|larger molecule, the reaction produces water. | |It attaches to the enzyme at the active site. |

|52. What does denature mean? |53. Why would temperature affect the activity of an |54. What are the two parts of a solution? Provide |

| |enzyme? |an example. |

|The enzyme no longer works due to a change in pH or | |Solvent – Dissolves the solute. Ex ) water |

|temperature. The reaction will no longer occur |It changes the structure of the enzyme and the active|Solute – The material which is being dissolved. |

| |site is no longer active. |Ex) Salt or Sugar |

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download