Overconfidence, Managerial Optimism And The Determinants ...

PBV Price to Book Value Market value of shares divided by their book value Q Tobin’s Q Estimated with the approximation formula proposed by Chung and Pruitt (1994): MVS – market value of common and preferred shares; D – book value of debt, defined as current liabilities plus long-term debt plus inventories minus current assets; A ... ................
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