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Name:________________________American West DBQDocument 1: Transcontinental Railroad Map By Cave cattum (Own work) [GFDL () or CC-BY-SA-3.0 ()], via Wikimedia Commons1) What increased western migration? 2) Which immigrant worked on the Union Pacific Railroad? Which immigrant group worked on the Central Pacific?3) Where did the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific Railroad meet? 4) Using prior knowledge, what was an effect of the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad on the West? Document 2: Chinese Immigrant Laborers on the Transcontinental Railroad The picture above shows Chinese immigrants building the Transcontinental Railroad through the Sierra Nevada Mountains. 1) What do you think were two challenges workers face when building the Transcontinental Railroad? Document 3: Plains Indians and the Buffalo Buffalo Skull Pile The Plains Indians were nomadic and they relied on the buffalo for survival. During the 1800s, there were millions of buffalo on the Great Plains. The Plains Indians used the animal to meet their every need (food, clothing, teepees, bones used as tools). By the end of the 1800s, the buffalo were hunted to nearly extinction. White settlers hunted them for meat, hides, and fertilizer. They also killed the buffalo to hurt the Native Americans. The picture above is a pile of bison bones that were going to be turned into fertilizer. 1) What animal did the Plains Indians depend on for survival? 2) Why did white settlers hunt buffalo? (Four reasons) 3) Based on the picture, how did westward expansion affect the buffalo? Document 4: American Cowboy 1) According to the picture, what are two challenges cowboys faced on the cattle drive? 2) Based on the picture, what do you think cowboys had to be an expert at to move cattle hundreds of miles? 3) Based on the picture, what are two things cowboys wore on the cattle drive? Document 5: Homestead Act “Be it enacted, That any person who is the head of a family, or who has arrived at the age of twenty-one years, and is a citizen of the United States, or who shall have filed his declaration of intention to become such, as required by the naturalization laws of the United States, and who has never borne arms against the United States Government or given aid and comfort to its enemies, shall, from and after the first of January, eighteen hundred and sixty-three… That any person owning or residing on land may, under the provisions of this act, enter other land lying contiguous to his or her said land, which shall not, with the land so already owned and occupied, exceed in the aggregate one hundred and sixty acres… Provided, however, That no certificate shall be given or patent issued therefore until the expiration of five years from the date of such entry.” –Excerpt from the Homestead Act, 18621) According to the certificate, how much land could a homesteader receive if they moved to the Great Plains? 2) According to the excerpt, what is one requirement to receive land? 3) According to the excerpt, who was not allowed to receive federal land? Why do you think the federal government added this to the law (Look at the date)? 4) Using prior knowledge, who lost their land because of the Homestead Act? 5) Using prior knowledge, which region in the United States developed because of the Homestead Act? Document 6: Sod House 18961) Why do you think the settlers built their homes out of sod? 2) Using prior knowledge, what law caused people to move to the Great Plains? Document 7: Dawes Act By User:Braden208 (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 ()], via Wikimedia CommonsThe Dawes Act divided Indian reservations into individual allotments for American Indians. American Indians were expected to farm their individual plot of land and live separately from the tribe. After meeting these conditions, they would be granted U.S. citizenship. The goal of the law was to assimilate Native Americans into American culture. The remaining Indian lands would be sold to non-Native Americans. 1) What did the Dawes Act do to the Native American tradition of shared property? 2) What was the goal of the Dawes Act? 3) What were Native Americans expected to do after receiving their plot of land? 4) According to the picture, what happened to remaining Native American land? Document 8: Native American Boarding School Christian missionaries established Native American boarding schools. Their goal was to assimilate Native American children into American culture. Children were forcefully separated from their families and sent to boarding schools in the East. The most famous school was the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania. At the Native American boarding schools children had their name replaced by an American name, they were forced to dress/cut hair like American children, and were forbidden to speak their Native language. They were taught that their traditional way of life was inferior to white culture. There was a major emphasis on discipline at these schools and many children were abused. 1) What was the purpose of the Native American boarding school? 2) What are three ways boarding schools tried to assimilate Native American children into American culture? 3) What were Native American children taught about their culture? Document 9: Battle of Little Bighorn Buffalo Bill Historical Center [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons The government made a treaty with the Sioux that they could keep the Black Hills in South Dakota forever. However, white settlers found gold in the Black Hills and they began settling on Native American land. The leader of the Sioux, Sitting Bull, was going to fight to keep the land promised to his people by the U.S. government. Sitting Bull gathered many Native American warriors together at a place called Little Bighorn River. The U.S. government sent Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer and the 7th Cavalry to remove the Native Americans from their land and put them on a reservation. The soldiers searched for the Native Americans warriors for weeks. They finally confronted them at the Little Bighorn River. The 7th Cavalry was outnumbered and the Native American warriors killed Custer’s entire army. This battle was known as Custer’s Last Stand, and was the last major victory for the Native Americans. The U.S. government would eventually arrest capture the band of Native Americans and they would be placed on a reservation. 1) What caused the Battle of Little Bighorn? 2) Who was the Sioux leader that organized the band of Native American warriors resisting removal? 3) Who was defeated at the Battle of Little Bighorn? 4) What is important about the Native American victory at the Battle of Little Bighorn? Document 10: Wounded Knee Massacre The Sioux were practicing a dance called the “Ghost Dance.” They believed if they practiced this dance and went back to their traditional ways the whites would disappear. The U.S. government was worried about the influence of this dance, so they sent the 7th Cavalry to confiscate their guns at their camp near the Wounded Knee creek. As the troops were trying to get them to surrender their guns, a fight broke out and the troops opened fire killing over 200 men, women, and children. The troops then buried the dead in mass graves and the survivors were sent to a reservation. This event is known as the Wounded Knee Massacre, and it officially marked the end of war between the U.S. government and the Native Americans. 1) What were the Sioux doing that upset the U.S. government? 2) What caused the Wounded Knee Massacre? 3) What happened to the survivors at Wounded Knee? 4) What did the massacre mark the end of between the U.S. government and the Native Americans? American West DBQ Answer KeyDocument 1: Transcontinental Railroad Map By Cave cattum (Own work) [GFDL () or CC-BY-SA-3.0 ()], via Wikimedia Commons1) What increased western migration? The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad. 2) Which immigrant worked on the Union Pacific Railroad? Which immigrant group worked on the Central Pacific?Irish; Chinese 3) Where did the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific Railroad meet? Promontory, Utah 4) Using prior knowledge, what was an effect of the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad on the West? Good could be transported from the East to the West. Document 2: Chinese Immigrant Laborers on the Transcontinental Railroad The picture above shows Chinese immigrants building the Transcontinental Railroad through the Sierra Nevada Mountains. 1) What do you think were two challenges workers face when building the Transcontinental Railroad? Building the railroad through the mountains and Native American attacks. Document 3: Plains Indians and the Buffalo Buffalo Skull Pile The Plains Indians were nomadic and they relied on the buffalo for survival. During the 1800s, there were millions of buffalo on the Great Plains. The Plains Indians used the animal to meet their every need (food, clothing, teepees, bones used as tools). By the end of the 1800s, the buffalo were hunted to nearly extinction. White settlers hunted them for meat, hides, and fertilizer. They also killed the buffalo to hurt the Native Americans. The picture above is a pile of bison bones that were going to be turned into fertilizer. 1) What animal did the Plains Indians depend on for survival? Buffalo 2) Why did white settlers hunt buffalo? (Four reasons) Meat, hides, fertilizer, and to hurt the Native Americans. 3) Based on the picture, how did westward expansion affect the buffalo? The animal was hunted to nearly extension. Document 4: American Cowboy 1) Based on the picture, what are two challenges cowboys faced on the cattle drive? Stampede by the cattle and the outside weather. 2) Based on the picture, what do you think cowboys had to be an expert at to move cattle hundreds of miles? They had to be an expert at riding horses and herding cattle. 3) Based on the picture, what are two things cowboys wore on the cattle drive? Cowboys wore large hats to protect them from the sun and chaps to protect their legs from brush. Document 5: Homestead Act “Be it enacted, That any person who is the head of a family, or who has arrived at the age of twenty-one years, and is a citizen of the United States, or who shall have filed his declaration of intention to become such, as required by the naturalization laws of the United States, and who has never borne arms against the United States Government or given aid and comfort to its enemies, shall, from and after the first of January, eighteen hundred and sixty-three… That any person owning or residing on land may, under the provisions of this act, enter other land lying contiguous to his or her said land, which shall not, with the land so already owned and occupied, exceed in the aggregate one hundred and sixty acres… Provided, however, That no certificate shall be given or patent issued therefore until the expiration of five years from the date of such entry.” –Excerpt from the Homestead Act, 18621) According to the certificate, how much land could a homesteader receive if they moved to the Great Plains? 160 acres 2) According to the excerpt, what is one requirement to receive land? Head of a household and 21 years old. 3) According to the excerpt, who was not allowed to receive federal land? Why do you think the federal government added this to the law (Look at the date)? Anyone who had borne arms against the United States. They added this to the law because the government did not want people who fought for the confederacy receiving the land. 4) Using prior knowledge, who lost their land because of the Homestead Act? Native Americans 5) Using prior knowledge, which region in the United States developed because of the Homestead Act? Great Plains Document 6: Sod House 18961) Why do you think the settlers built their homes out of sod? There are not many trees on the Great Plains. 2) Using prior knowledge, what law caused people to move to the Great Plains? The Homestead Act Document 7: Dawes Act By User:Braden208 (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 ()], via Wikimedia CommonsThe Dawes Act divided Indian reservations into individual allotments for American Indians. American Indians were expected to farm their individual plot of land and live separately from the tribe. After meeting these conditions, they would be granted U.S. citizenship. The goal of the law was to assimilate Native Americans into American culture. The remaining Indian lands would be sold to non-Native Americans. 1) What did the Dawes Act do to the Native American tradition of shared property? It ended shared property by dividing the land into individual allotments. 2) What was the goal of the Dawes Act? The goal of the Dawes Act was to assimilate Native Americans into American culture. 3) What were Native Americans expected to do after receiving their plot of land? They were required to farm and live separately from the tribe. 4) According to the picture, what happened to remaining Native American land? The remaining Indian lands would be sold to non-Native Americans. Document 8: Native American Boarding School Christian missionaries established Native American boarding schools. Their goal was to assimilate Native American children into American culture. Children were forcefully separated from their families and sent to boarding schools in the East. The most famous school was the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania. At the Native American boarding schools children had their name replaced by an American name, they were forced to dress/cut hair like American children, and were forbidden to speak their Native language. They were taught that their traditional way of life was inferior to white culture. There was a major emphasis on discipline at these schools and many children were abused. 1) What was the purpose of the Native American boarding school? To assimilate Native American children into American culture. 2) What are three ways boarding schools tried to assimilate Native American children into American culture? Replaced their traditional name, forced them to cut their hair, and they were forbidden to speak their native language. 3) What were Native American children taught about their culture? They were taught it was inferior to white culture. Document 9: Battle of Little Bighorn Buffalo Bill Historical Center [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons The government made a treaty with the Sioux that they could keep the Black Hills in South Dakota forever. However, white settlers found gold in the Black Hills and they began settling on Native American land. The leader of the Sioux, Sitting Bull, was going to fight to keep the land promised to his people by the U.S. government. Sitting Bull gathered many Native American warriors together at a place called Little Bighorn River. The U.S. government sent Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer and the 7th Cavalry to remove the Native Americans from their land and put them on a reservation. The soldiers searched for the Native Americans warriors for weeks. They finally confronted them at the Little Bighorn River. The 7th Cavalry was outnumbered and the Native American warriors killed Custer’s entire army. This battle was known as Custer’s Last Stand, and was the last major victory for the Native Americans. The U.S. government would eventually arrest capture the band of Native Americans and they would be placed on a reservation. 1) What caused the Battle of Little Bighorn? The Native Americans had been promised the Black Hills and the U.S. government decided to take it back because they found gold on the land. 2) Who was the Sioux leader that organized the band of Native American warriors resisting removal? Sitting Bull 3) Who was defeated at the Battle of Little Bighorn? Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer and the 7th Cavalry. 4) What is important about the Native American victory at the Battle of Little Bighorn? It was the last major victory for the Native Americans. Document 10: Wounded Knee Massacre The Sioux were practicing a dance called the “Ghost Dance.” They believed if they practiced this dance and went back to their traditional ways the whites would disappear. The U.S. government was worried about the influence of this dance, so they sent the 7th Cavalry to confiscate their guns at their camp near the Wounded Knee creek. As the troops were trying to get them to surrender their guns, a fight broke out and the troops opened fire killing over 200 men, women, and children. The troops then buried the dead in mass graves and the survivors were sent to a reservation. This event is known as the Wounded Knee Massacre, and it officially marked the end of war between the U.S. government and the Native Americans. 1) What were the Sioux doing that upset the U.S. government? They were practicing the Ghost Dance. 2) What caused the Wounded Knee Massacre? A fight broke out after the 7th Cavalry was trying to confiscate their guns. 3) What happened to the survivors at Wounded Knee? They were sent to a reservation. 4) What did the massacre mark the end of between the U.S. government and the Native Americans? It marked the end of war between the Americans Indians and the U.S. government. ................
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