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The Red Scare and McCarthyismCivil Rights in the 1950sThe Impact of Civil Rights Protests, 1960-74.Other Protest Movements: Students, Women, Anti-Vietnam.5. Nixon and WatergateReasons for the Red Scare in the Cold War:Communism versus capitalismSoviet expansion; Truman Doctrine.Berlin CrisisCold War escalationReasons for the Red Scare in America: J. Edgar Hoover and the FBIHouse Committee on Un-American activitiesFederal loyalty boards, Hollywood Ten; McCarran ActAlger Hiss case; Klaus Fuchs trial;David GreenglassRosenberg case; Impact of the FBI and HUAC’s workThe Red MenaceThe Role of McCarthyMethodsDownfall.ImpactSegregation and Discrimination; Differences between North and South; Jim Crow; Constitutional Rights; Lynching; Voting restrictions: Literacy tests; Poll tax; Brown versus US Board of Education, Topeka and its impact; White BacklashRevival of KKK; Death of Emmet Till, 1955;Impact of Emmet Till’s death.Montgomery Bus Boycott and its Impact; Jo Ann Robinson – letter to Mayor Gayle four days after the Brown VerdictMartin Luther King; Rosa ParksRufus Lewis (car pool)Bayard Rustin 1957 Civil Rights Act backgroundSignificanceEnforcing School segregationLittle Rock events in 1957Significance of Little RockProtests 1960-63The Sit-ins – origins, response and civil rights groupsSignificance of the sit insFreedom riders (1960-61)Anniston Fire Bombing (14th May ‘61);The Meredith Case and its significance (May 1961)Protests, 1963-5The methods and activities of MLK; Non-Violent Direct Action; Birmingham Peace Marches (1963); Impact of BirminghamThe March on Washington (1963);The failure of the Mississippi Freedom Summer (1964)Freedom summer murders (1964)Selma and voting rights (1965)Civil Rights LegislationCivil Rights Act 1964Voting Rights Act 1965Protests, 1966-74Nation of Islam and Malcolm XMalcolm X’s later views and legacyBlack PowerStokely CarmichaelReasons for growth of Black PowerBlack PanthersRace Riots, 65, 67 and 68.Mainstream civil rights movement 1966-74Bussing and affirmative actionReasons for the growth of protest movements;Disappointment, disillusionmentThe emergence of the teenagerThe media and televisionThe increased role of governmentStudents for a Democratic SocietyOther factors – music, economy, protest elsewhere (e.g. Prague; Paris)Student ProtestsSDSPort Huron Statement, ‘62Berkley Free Speech Movement & Mario SavioAnti-Vietnam Protests Kent State Massacre ‘70Hippies - equality, individuality, tolerance; sex and drugs.The Women’s MovementEleanor Roosevelt Factors for Change – e.g. contraceptionBetty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (1963)National Organisation for Women (NOW)Equal Pay Act (June, 1963)Civil Rights Act (1964) ERA - Equal Rights Women’s Liberation –Roe vs Wade, 1973 Phyllis Schlafly. Reasons for scandalThe White House Plumbers and CREEPWashington Post Bob Woodward & Carl BernsteinFBI investigation Televised Select Committee hearingsWhite House Recordings.Nixons attempts at cover-upBreak in (17th June 1972);FBI find Howard Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy planned burglaryNixon says White House lawyer John Dean found no links 19th March, ‘73 James McCord, tells trial judge that White House Officials told him to lie.30th April, Nixon sacks Dean & Haldeman; and Erlichman resigns.May - Dean televised testimony to Select Committee; revelations about recording devicesFight for tapes – Oct 73- July 74Nixon’s resignation 9/08/74Gerald Ford and the Pardon Impact of Watergate on:NixonUS PoliticsUS mediaUS legislation. ................
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