Human Anatomy & Physiology

[Pages:13]HumanAnatomy&Physiology FinalExam Name:

1) Humanblood: a) Ismostlycomposedofwhitebloodcells b) Isprimarilycomposedofbothformedelementsandplasma c) Hasnucleatederythrocyteswithinit d) Alloftheabove e) Noneoftheabove

2) Thestructuralcharacteristic(s)ofanerythrocytethatcontributetoitsfunction include: a) Itsbiconcaveshape b) Itshemoglobincomposition c) ItsprimarymetabolicprocessforproducingATP d) Alloftheabove e) Noneoftheabove

3) Startingattheinner-mostlayeroftheheart,andtravellingoutwards,thenamesof thelayersinorderare: a) Pericardium,Epicardium,MyocardiumandEndocardium b) Pericardium,Epicardium,EndocardiumandMyocardium c) Epicardium,Endocardium,MyocardiumandPericardium d) Myocardium,Endocardium,PericardiumandEpicardium e) Noneoftheabove

4) Hypernatremia a) Depressestheheart b) Dramaticallyincreasesheartirritability c) Leadstoheartblockandcardiacarrest d) Blocksheartcontractionbyinhibitingioniccalciumtransport

5) Duringexercise,thegreatestincreaseinbloodflowoccursin: a) Skeletalmuscle b) Cardiacmuscle c) Kidneys d) Liver e) Noneoftheabove 6) T-cells a) Produceantibodiesthatimmobilizeantigens b) Attackanddestroyforeigncells c) Produceplasmacells d) Alloftheabove e) Noneoftheabove

 7) Thespleen a) Isasiteoflymphocyteproliferation b) Isinvolvedwithimmunesystemsurveillanceandresponse c) Cleansestheblood d) Alloftheabove e) Noneoftheabove

Matchthefollowingtermswiththeirdefinitions

8) Neutrophil 9) IgA 10) IgG 11) IgM 12) Eosinophil 13) MastCell 14) Macrophage

a) Anantibodydimerthathelpspreventtheattachmentofpathogenstoepithelial cellsurfaces

b) Awhitebloodcellthatreleaseshistamineduringinflammation c) Awhitebloodcellthatispartialtoparasiticworms d) Anantibodymonomerthatisthemostabundantanddiverseantibodyduring

theprimaryandsecondaryimmuneresponse e) Awhitebloodcellthatispartialtobacteriaandfungi f) Aantibodypentamerreleasedbyplasmacellsduringtheprimaryimmune

response g) Theprimaryphagocyteoftheimmunesystem 15) Whichoftheanswersbelowputsthethreedivisionsofthepharynxinorder?(Start withthemostcranialsectionandendwiththemostcaudalsection.) a) Nasopharynx,OropharynxandLaryngopharynx b) Oropharynx,NasopharynxandLaryngopharynx c) Laryngopharynx,OropharynxandNasopharynx d) Oropharynx,LaryngopharynxandNasopharynx e) Noneoftheanswersaboveareinthecorrectorder 16) Duringamyogenicresponseinthekidneys a) Anincreaseinsystemicpressurecausestheafferentarteriolestodilate b) Anincreaseinsystemicpressurecausestheafferentarteriolestoconstrict c) Theresponsepreventsglomerularbloodpressurefromrisingtodamaging

levels d) A&C e) B&C

 17) Vasodilationoftheefferentarteriolefromtheglomerulus. a) Increasesthehydrostaticpressureintheglomerulus b) DecreasesGFR c) Decreasesthehydrostaticpressureintheglomerulus d) IncreasesGFR e) A&D f) B&C g) A&B h) C&D

18) AngiotensinII a) Isapotentvasoconstrictor b) IncreasesMAP c) Stimulatesthereleaseofaldosterone d) StimulatesthereleaseofADH e) Alloftheabove

19) Severesweatingwill a) Causeadecreaseinplasmavolume b) Causeanincreaseinplasmaosmolarity c) IncreasetheproductionofANP d) IncreasetheproductionofADH e) A,B,andD f) Alloftheabove

20) Thedetrusormusclesinthebladderareregulatedby: a) Thesympatheticnervoussystem b) Theparasympatheticnervoussystem c) Thesomaticnervoussystem d) Noneoftheabove

21) Cellsofthemaculadensaare: a) Enlargedsmoothmusclecells b) Actasmechanoreceptors c) Havesecretorygranulesthatcontainrenin d) Functionaschemoreceptors

Matchthedigestiveorganwithitsexocrinesecretion(s).Thesameanswermaybeused morethanonce.

22) Stomach 23) SmallIntestine 24) Esophagus 25) Mouth 26) Pancreas 27) Liver 28) LargeIntestine

a) Saltandwater,mucus,amylase b) Mucus c) HCl,pepsin,mucus d) Digestiveenzymes,bicarbonate e) Bilesalts,bicarbonateandorganicwasteproducts f) Enzymes,saltandwater,mucus 29) Thebrain-testicularaxis:

a. Isapositivefeedbackloop b. InvolvesFSH,LH,progesteroneandtestosterone c. Isinvolvedinthehormonalregulationofthefemalereproductivetract d. Alloftheabove e. Noneoftheabove 30) LHinmen a. CausesthesustentacularcellstoreleaseABP b. StimulatestheanteriorpituitarytoreleaseFSH c. Isreleasedbythehypothalamus d. Stimulatestheinterstitialcellstoproducetestosterone e. Noneoftheabove 31) Testosterone a. Mustbesynthesizedfromcholesterol b. MustbeconvertedtoDHTintheprostatetobindtothenucleus c. Causesgrowthinalltheducts,glandsandinthepenis d. Boostsbasalmetabolicrateandinfluencesbehavior e. Alloftheabove 32) Themenstrualcyclecanbedividedintothreecontinuousphases.Startingfromthe firstdayofthecycle,thecorrectorderis: a. menstrual,proliferative,secretory b. menstrual,secretory,proliferative c. secretory,menstrual,proliferative d. proliferative,menstrual,secretory 33) Whichofthesespermatogeniccellsisdiploid? a. primaryspermatocyte b. secondaryspermatocyte c. spermatid d. noneofthem

Matching?matchthestructurewiththedefinition 34) foramenovale 35) ductusarteriosis 36) mesoderm 37) ectoderm 38) endoderm 39) ductusvenosus 40) yolksac 41) allantois 42) chorion 43) amnion a. formsatransparentmembranefilledwithamnioticfluid b. formspartofthedigestivetube,theearliestbloodcellsandvesselsand isthesourceofprimordialgermcells c. afetalshuntbetweentheembryonicbodyandtheinferiorvenacava thatbypassestheliver d. aprecursortissueforthenervoussystemtissue e. afetalshuntbetweentherightandleftatria f. thestructuralbasisfortheumbilicalcord g. theprescursortissuefortheepithelialliningofthedigestivetract,the urinogenitalsystemandtherespiratorytract h. enclosestheembryonicbodyandallothermembranes i. afetalshuntbetweenthepulmonarytrunkandtheaorta j. theprecursortissuethatformsmostofthetissueinthebodyandforms somites

44) Fertilizationusuallyoccursinthe a. uterus b. ovarianfollicle c. ampullaofthefallopiantube d. abdominopelviccavity

Matchthefollowingreproductivestructureswiththepicturesonthediagram

45) Cervix

49) ProstateGland

53) Uterus

46) Epididymis

50) Seminalvesicles

54) Vagina

47) FallopianTube

51) Testes

55) Vasdeferens

48) Ovum

52) Urethra

TrueandFalse

True(T)orFalse(F).Ifthestatementisfalsechangethewordthatisinboldtomake

thestatementtrue.Scoring:1pointforansweringT/Fcorrectlyand1pointfor correctingthefalsestatementcorrectly.IfyoumarkananswerTruethatisFalse youwilllosebothpoints.IfyoumarkananswerFalsethatisTrueyouwilllose onepoint.

56) AlcoholactsasanosmoticdiureticbyinhibitingthereleaseofADH. 57) AndecreaseinEDVwillcauseanincreaseinSV. 58) Asthmaisanexampleofarestrictivepulmonarydisease. 59) B-cellsmatureinthethymus. 60) Bloodenterstherightatriumviathepulmonaryveins. 61) Duringpregnancybloodvolumeincreases. 62) Duringtheisovolumetricphasevolumeintheventriclesisconstant. 63) Ejaculationexpelssemenintothevaginaandisunderparasympathetic

nervoussystemcontrol. 64) Erythropoietinisreleasedinresponsetohypoxia. 65) Fetalhemoglobinhasagreaterbindingaffinityforoxygenthandoesmaternal

hemoglobin. 66) IfGFR(Glomerularfiltrationrate)istohigheverythingisreabsorbedincluding

wastesthatarenormallydisposedof. 67) Impotencecanbecausedbyanythingthatblocksepinephrinereleaseorits

effects. 68) Laborisinitiatedbyapositivefeedbackloopinvolvinguterinecontractionsand

oxytocin. 69) Netfiltrationpressureishighestatthevenousendofthecapillary. 70) Peristalsisoccursonlyinthesmallintestine. 71) Potassiumuptakeisregulatedbythehormonealdosterone. 72) Thecorpusluteumsecretesprogesterone. 73) ThedescendinglimboftheloopofHenleisimpermeabletowater. 74) Themyometriumisthesmoothmusclelayeroftheuterinewall. 75) Thescrotumismaintainedoutsidethebodycavitytodecreasethetemperature

inthetestes. 76) Thetranspulmonarypressurekeepstheairwaysopenpreventingthemfrom

collapsing. 77) TypeAcellsinthetestesbecomeprimaryspermatocytes. 78) Themidpieceofthespermcontainsmitochondria. 79) Alowspermcountcausestheproductionofinhibin. 80) Withouttestosteroneduringdevelopmentandembryowillbecomefemale. 81) Themullerianductsdevelopintothemalereproductiveducts. 82) Ovulationoccurswhentheoocyteisejectedfromthefollicle. 83) Estrogenisrequiredtomaintaintheendometrialliningduringpregnancy. 84) Humanchorionicgonadotropinhormonesignalstothemotherthatthefetus

hasimplanted. 85) Cervicalcanceristhemostcommonamongwomenages30?50andislinked

tothehumanpapillomavirus. 86) Theuterinearteriesarisefromtheinternaliliacsandsendbranchesintothe

uterinewall.

ShortAnswer

1) A)Graphmetabolicrateversusspeedduringrunning.Besuretolabelyouraxesas

specificallyaspossible.(4points)

B)OnthegraphfrompartA,labelthecostoftransport.(2points)

C)AssumingVO2maxis15L/minandrestingmetabolicrateis0.75L/min,

calculatetheaerobicscope.(1point)

D)Atwhatpointcanyounolongeruseoxygenconsumptionasanaccurate

predictorofmetabolicrate?Why?(2points)

E)Wouldthenetcostoftransportbegreaterinachildoranadultduring

running?(1point)

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