Cells Quiz 1 Study Guide



Cells Quiz 1 Study Guide

Learning Goal #1: I understand that all organisms are composed of cells and can compare and contrast single-celled and multicellular organisms.

1. What are the three main principals of the cell theory?

1. All living things are made out of cells.

2. Cells are the most basic unit of life.

3. All cells come from other cells.

2. List 5 things that are made out of cells.

Anything that is living or was once living would work here.

3. List 5 things that are not made out of cells.

Anything that is not currently nor never was living would work here.

4. Define Unicellular Organism: An organism made up of only one cell.

5. Define Multicellular Organism: An organism made up of more than one cell.

6. Compare and contrast a unicellular and multicellular organism (example: an amoeba and a tree).

Unicellular organisms (like the amoeba) are made out of only one cell while multicellular organisms (like trees) are made out of more than one cell. Unicellular organisms are simple and do not have any organ-like structures while multicellular organisms are able to develop organs. Multicellular organisms are also usually larger than unicellular organisms.

7. If something is living and made out of cells, what 6 characteristics does it have that are true of all living things?

1. All living things are made out of cells.

2. Living things use energy.

3. Living things grow and develop.

4. Living things respond to their environment.

5. Living things reproduce.

6. Living things are adapted to their environment.

Learning Goal #2: I can differentiate between levels of organization in organisms including cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

8. What are three things that plant and animal cells have in common?

They both have a cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and lysosome.

9. What are three ways that plant and animal cells are different?

The plant cell has a cell wall and chloroplasts while animal cells do not. Also, plant cells have one large vacuole while animal cells have multiple small vacuoles.

10. What is the job of the nucleus of the cell?

It stores the DNA of the cell and acts as the “command center”.

11. What is the job of the cell membrane?

It acts like a skin and protects and encases the cell. It allows substances to pass in and out of the cell.

12. List the levels of organization of living things in order from most simple to most complex.

Cell ( tissue ( organ ( organ system

13. Give two examples of each level of organization.

1. Organ: heart, flower, stem, liver, stomach, brain, lungs, intestine

2. Cell: nerve cell, blood cell, amoeba, paramecium, muscle cell

3. Tissue: muscle tissue, skin (epithelial) tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue

4. Organ System: digestive system, circulatory system, respiratory system

Learning Goal #3: I can explain how nutrients pass in and out of the cell membrane through diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.

14. Below is a drawing of the cell. The represents a CO2 Using arrows, indicate where molecules would move via diffusion.

Arrows should be moving some of the molecules from the outside of the cell to the inside of the cell.

15. Describe what osmosis is.

Osmosis is the diffusion of water

16. If someone drank saltwater they would die within hours. Explain why this happens using the word “cell” in your explanation.

The water would move out of the cell due to osmosis. The cells in the body would shrivel and the person would die. The salt in the water created a lower concentration of water on the outside of the cell. The water inside of the cell moved from a high concentration to an area of lower concentration.

17. How is active transport different than passive transport (osmosis and diffusion)?

Active transport requires the cell’s energy and moves against the concentration gradient (from an area of low to high concentration)

18. The cell membrane is “selectively permeable”. Describe what that means in your own words.

The cell membrane only allows certain substances to pass in and out of the cell freely.

Learning Goal #4: I can describe how an organism grows and develops through cell growth, cell division, and specialization.

19. Compare and contrast how unicellular and multicellular organisms grow and develop.

Multicellular organisms can grow and develop using cell growth, cell division, and cell specialization.

Unicellular organisms can only grow and develop using cell growth.

20. Describe what “cell specialization” is. How is this an advantage to multicellular organisms?

Cell specialization is the ability of an organism to have different types of cells each with a unique job. This is an advantage to multicellular organisms because they can perform more efficiently and have complex levels of organization such as tissues, organs, and organ systems.

21. Below are two different cells. Describe how they are each specialized to perform a specific job.

Nerve Cell Blood Cell

The nerve cell is long and spread out so it can send messages throughout the body. The blood cell is shaped like a disk so it can squeeze into the smallest arteries. Each cell has a different shape because it’s specialized to do a different job.

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