Prepared By - Beckman Coulter
This procedure is valid for the following chemistry analyzers:
|AU400/AU400e |AU640/AU640e |
|AU480 |AU680 |
|AU600 |AU2700 |
|AU5400 |AU5800 |
|Prepared By |Date Adopted |Supersedes Procedure # |
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PRINCIPLE:
Magnesium measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of hypomagnesemia (abnormally low) and hypermagnesemia (abnormally high).
Magnesium is a major intracellular cation, second only to potassium in concentration. Little is known about the factors regulating magnesium levels in plasma. It is believed that the parathyroid gland may be involved.1 Magnesium ions serve as activators for a number of important enzyme systems engaged in the transfer and hydrolysis of phosphate groups, such as hexokinase, alkaline phosphatase, prostatic acid phosphatase, and creatinine kinase.
Decreased serum magnesium levels have been observed in cases of diabetes, alcoholism, diuresis, hyperthyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption, hyperalimentation, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and liver cirrhosis. Increased serum magnesium levels have been found in cases of renal failure, dehydration, severe diabetic acidosis and Addison’s Disease.1,2
INTENDED USE:
System reagent for the quantitative determination of Magnesium in human serum, plasma, or urine on Beckman Coulter AU Clinical Chemistry analyzers.
METHODOLOGY:
The Beckman Coulter AU System Magnesium procedure utilizes a direct method in which magnesium forms a colored complex with xylidyl blue in a strongly basic solution, where calcium interference is eliminated by glycoletherdiamine-N,N,N`,N`-tetraacetic acid (GEDTA).3,4,5 The color produced is measured bichromatically at 520/800 nm and is proportional to the magnesium concentration.
pH 11.4
Mg2+ + Xylidyl blue ((((( Purple complex
SPECIMEN:
Patient Preparation:
None required.
|Additional instructions for patient preparation as designated by this laboratory: |
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Type:
Serum or heparinized plasma samples, free from hemolysis, are the recommended specimens. The use of anticoagulants that bind magnesium, such as EDTA, oxalate and citrate must be avoided.
Fresh, random collection is recommended for urine specimens.
|Additional type conditions as designated by this laboratory: |
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Handling Conditions:
Magnesium in serum is stable for one week when stored 2 to 8°C.2
Urine should be acidified to pH 1 with concentrated HCl. If a precipitate forms, shake, mix, acidify, and warm to 60°C to re-dissolve it.
|Additional handling conditions as designated by this laboratory: |
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EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS:
Equipment:
Beckman Coulter AU400/AU400e, AU480, AU600, AU640/AU640e, AU680, AU2700, AU5400 and AU5800 analyzers.
Materials:
Beckman Coulter AU System Magnesium Reagent
Final concentration of reactive ingredients:
|ε−Amino-n-Caproic Acid |450 mmol/L |
|Tris |100 mmol/L |
|Glycoletherdiamine-N,N,N’,N’ tetraacetic acid |0.12 mmol/L |
|Xylidyl blue |0.18 mmol/L |
Also contains preservatives.
|Reagent storage location in this laboratory: |
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Test tubes 12 -16 mm in diameter or sample cups (Cat No. AU1063).
|Storage location of test tubes or sample cups in this laboratory: |
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Beckman Coulter Chemistry Calibrator (Cat. No. DR0070)
Beckman Coulter Urine Chemistry Calibrator (Cat. No. DR0090)
|Storage location of the calibrator in this laboratory: |
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Precautions:
1. For in vitro diagnostic use.
2. Do not ingest. Harmful if swallowed.
3. WARNING! POISON! Do not pipet by mouth. In case of external contact, immediately rinse affected area with plenty of water for 15 minutes. Obtain medical attention immediately for eye contact or ingestion.
4. Contains sodium azide as a preservative that may react with lead joints in copper plumbing to form explosive compounds. Even though the reagent contains minute quantities of sodium azide, drains should be well flushed with water when discarding the reagent.
5. WARNING: POTENTIAL BIOHAZARDOUS MATERIAL. The Chemistry calibrator (DR0070) and Urine Chemistry calibrator (DR0090) are manufactured from materials of human origin. No test method can offer complete assurance that HIV- 1/2, HCV, Hepatitis B, or other infectious agents are absent from biological materials, all calibrator material should be handled at the Biosafety Level 2 as recommended for any infectious human serum or blood specimen in the CDC/National Institutes of Health manual, Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 1993.
Preparation:
The Beckman Coulter AU System Magnesium Reagent is liquid, ready for use. No preparation is needed.
The Beckman Coulter Chemistry Calibrator reconstitution:
• Remove the vials of calibrator and diluent from storage and let stand at room temperature (15-25(C) for 5 minutes.
• Remove the cap and stopper from the vials of the lyophilized serum and reconstituting diluent.
• Using a volumetric pipette or a calibrated air-displacement pipettor, add exactly 5.0 mL of reconstituting diluent to DR0070 lyophilized serum vial. DO NOT pour directly from the reconstituting diluent vial.
• Replace the cap and stopper to the vial of lyophilized serum immediately after adding the diluent
• Allow the calibrator to stand for 5-10 minutes. Gently swirl the contents until completely dissolved.
The Beckman Coulter Urine Chemistry Calibrator is liquid, ready to use. No preparation is needed.
Storage Requirements:
1. The unopened reagents are stable until the expiration date printed on the label when stored at 2 - 8°C.
2. Opened reagents are stable for 7 days when stored in the refrigerated compartment of the analyzer.
3. Contamination after opening must be avoided.
4. Un-reconstituted calibrator and diluent are stable until the expiration date stated on the label when stored at 2 - 8°C.
5. For Magnesium, reconstituted calibrator materials are stable for 7 days from the date of reconstitution when stored at 2 - 8°C. The materials should be capped and stored upright 2 - 8°C when not in use.
6. Urine Chemistry calibrator is stable until the expiration date printed on the label when stored at 2 - 8°C.
7. Once opened vials of Urine Chemistry Calibrator are stable for 30 days.
Indications of Deterioration:
Discoloration of the reagent, visible signs of microbial growth, turbidity or precipitation in reagent may indicate degradation and warrant discontinuance of use.
|Additional storage requirements as designated by this laboratory: |
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PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS:
The following data was obtained using this Magnesium Reagent on Beckman Coulter AU analyzers according to established procedures. Results obtained at individual facilities may differ.
Precision:11
Estimates of precision, based on CLSI recommendations9, are consistent with typical performance. The within run precision for serum samples is less than 3%CV and total precision is less than 5%CV. Assays of control materials were performed and this data reduced following CLSI guidelines.
|N=60 |Within run |Total |
|Mean, mg/dL |SD |CV% |SD |CV% |
|1.87 |0.02 |0.90 |0.02 |1.08 |
|2.55 |0.03 |1.26 |0.04 | 1.53 |
|7.01 |0.08 |1.09 |0.09 |1.25 |
Method Comparison11:
Patient samples were used to compare this Magnesium Reagent. Representative performance data on AU analyzers is shown in the next table.
|SERUM |
|Y Method |AU/640/AU640e |
|X Method |OSR6131 |
|Slope |1.003 |
|Intercept |0.009 |
|Correlation Coeff. (r) |1.000 |
|No. of Samples (n) |102 |
|Range (mg/dL) |0.66 – 4.46 |
|URINE |
|Y Method |AU/640/AU640e |
|X Method |OSR6131 |
|Slope |0.996 |
|Intercept |0.04 |
|Correlation Coeff. (r) |1.000 |
|No. of Samples (n) |52 |
|Range (mg/dL) |0.56 – 8.94 |
Sensitivity:
Typical change in absorbance for 1 mg/dL of Magnesium is 100 mAbsorbance.
CALIBRATION:
Standard Preparation:
Perform a one-point calibration (AB) using a water blank (blue rack) and the appropriate calibrator in a yellow calibration rack. The calibration is stable for 7 days. Calibration of this magnesium procedure is accomplished by use of the Beckman Calibrator material (Cat No. DR0070), which is traceable to the National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 909b for serum and plasma determinations. Calibration for urine is determined by use of the Urine Calibrator (Cat No. DR0090).
The Beckman Coulter AU Magnesium Reagent requires daily reagent blanking.
For Urine calibration: Perform a one-point calibration (AB), using a water blank (blue rack) and the appropriate calibrators in a yellow calibration rack. The frequency of calibration is once in 30 days. Calibration of this urine procedure is accomplished by use of the Beckman Coulter Urine Chemistry Calibrator (Cat No DR0090). The assay values for the constituents of this calibrator are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Calibration Procedure:
Recalibration of this test is required when any of these conditions exist:
1. A reagent lot number has changed or there is an observed shift in control values.
2. Major preventative maintenance was performed on the analyzer.
3. A critical part was replaced.
QUALITY CONTROL:
During operation of the Beckman Coulter AU analyzer at least two levels of an appropriate quality control material should be tested a minimum of once a day. In addition, controls should be performed after calibration, with each new lot of reagents, and after specific maintenance or troubleshooting steps described in the appropriate AU User’s Guide. Quality control testing should be performed in accordance with regulatory requirements and each laboratory’s standard procedure.
|Location of controls used at this laboratory. |
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ANALYZER PARAMETERS:
A complete list of test parameters and operating procedures can be found in the appropriate User’s Guide and at .
CALCULATIONS:
For SI Units (mmol/L), multiply the results by 0.4114.
Results in mg/dL can be divided by 1.21 to obtain mEq/L.
REPORTING RESULTS:
Reference Ranges:
Serum:8 1.9 - 2.7 mg/dL
Urine:10 24 - 255 mg/24 hours
Urinary excretion of magnesium is diet dependent but normally equals about one third of daily intake.
Expected values may vary with age, sex, diet and geographical location. Each laboratory should determine its own expected values as dictated by good laboratory practice.
|Expected reference ranges in this laboratory: |
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Procedures for Abnormal Results:
Abnormal results are flagged by the listed analyzers according to the normal values entered by the user into the instrument parameters.
Reporting Format:
Results are automatically printed for each sample in mg/dL at 37°C.
|Additional reporting information as designated by this laboratory: |
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LIMITATIONS:
The Beckman Coulter AU System Magnesium procedure is linear from 0.5 to 8.0 mg/dL. Samples exceeding the upper limit of linearity should be diluted and repeated. The sample may be diluted, repeated and multiplied by the dilution factor automatically utilizing the AUTO REPEAT RUN.
Interfering Substances:
Erythrocytes contain about three times, and tissue fluid about 10 times, the magnesium concentration of serum.
Results of studies6 show that the following substances interfere with this magnesium procedure.
The criteria for no significant interference is recovery within 10% of the initial value.
|Bilirubin: |No significant interference up to 36 mg/dL Bilirubin |
|Calcium: |No significant interference up to 30 mg/dL Calcium |
|Hemolysis: |No significant interference up to 150 mg/dL Hemolysate |
|Lipemia: |No significant interference up to 500 mg/dL Intralipid* |
* Intralipid, manufactured by KabiVitrium Inc., is a 20% IV fat emulsion used to emulate extremely turbid samples.
The information presented is based on results from Beckman Coulter studies and is current at the date of publication. Beckman Coulter Inc., makes no representation about the completeness or accuracy of results generated by future studies. For further information on interfering substances, refer to Young7 for a compilation of reported interferences with this test.
|Laboratory specific procedure notes: |
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REFERENCES:
1. Faulkner, W.R., Selected Methods for the Small Clinical Laboratory, AACC Press, 1982.
2. Tietz, N.W. (Ed), Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry, Third Edition, WB Saunders, 1987.
3. Mann, C.K. and Yoe, J.H., Anal Chem, 28: 202-205, 1956.
4. Mann, C.K. and Yoe, J.H., Anal Chem Acta, 16: 155-160, 1957.
5. Bohuon, C., Clin Chem Acta, 7: 811-817, 1962.
6. CLSI, Interference Testing in Clinical Chemistry EP7-P, 1986.
7. Young, D. S., Effects of Drugs on Clinical Laboratory Tests, Fifth Edition, 2000.
8. Beckman Coulter Inc. data on samples collected from 200 blood donors in North Texas.
9. CLSI/NCCLS Evaluation Protocol EP5-T2, 1989.
10. Pesce, A.J. and Kaplan, L.A., Methods in Clinical Chemistry, C.V. Mosby Co., St. Louis, 1987.
11. Data on file for specific AU analyzers.
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