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Respiratory System Notes Part 1Notes368236517970500I. OverviewA. Function:Brings about the _____________ of _________ and__________ __________ between the ________, ______, and __________B. Organs NosePharynxLarynxTracheaBronchiLungs – alveoliC. Respiratory tractPathway of air from ________________________Air in the respiratory tract are:____________ – by hairs, cilia, and mucus___________ – by heat from the blood vessels___________ – by the wet surfaces in passagewayNecessary to _____________________________II. StructureA. Upper Respiratory Tract – Nasal cavities, pharynx, glottis, larynx1. _________________________Description: __________________ separated by a septum of bone and cartilageFunction: Filter, warm, and moisten the air_________________________ – Cavities within bones surrounding the nasal cavityFunction of the sinusesLighten the skullAct as resonance chambers for speech4484370-359600500Produce mucus that drains into nasal cavityMucous membrane lines nasal cavity3891915-135636000_____________ moves mucous and trapped particles to the pharynx Contains lateral projections called ________________________________________________Increases air turbulence within the nasal cavityThe nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the palateAnterior ___________ palate (____________)Posterior ___________ palate (____________)2. _____________ - throat Description: funnel-shaped passageway between the nasal cavity and larynxFunction: Connects _________ and ________ _____________ to the larynxThree regions of the pharynx_______________________ – superior region, passageway for air________________________ – where oral cavity joins pharynx, passageway for food and air________________________ – inferior region that opens to larynx_______________ – located in oropharynx494855525082500A lymphatic tissue that protects against inhaled pathogens3. __________________________Description: flap of tissue that sits at the _____________________________ Function: _____________________ from entering the _______________, or windpipe, during swallowing 4. _________________________ Description: Also called the _______________ contains the ______________________Function: ___________________________Vocal cords are elastic tissues that vibrate producing sound as air travels throughThe ______________________________ in the vocal cords is called the ____________________5149215-3877945B. Lower Respiratory Tract – Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli434911526987500 1. _________________ Description: known as the _________________, flexible tube that connects larynx to bronchiFunction: directs air to bronchiHeld open by ________________ hyaline cartilageTrachea is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells__________________ mucus loaded with dust and other ________________________ 2. _______________Description: Left and right ____________________ of the tracheaFunction: passageway of air to lungsBronchi enters the right and left lungsBronchi subdivide into smaller and smaller branches called _____________________Right bronchus is _______________, ___________, and ________________ than left3. ______________________Description: Smallest branches of the bronchiFunction: Bronchioles lead to the alveoli4. ___________Description: paired, cone-shaped organ that occupy the thoracic cavityFunction: contains alveolus where gas exchange occurs _______ (superior portion) is near the ___________________ (inferior portion) rests on the ____________Each lung is divided into lobes by fissuresLeft lung – ___________________Right lung – ___________________4295775683895004563745-1040130004349115-3477260Coverings of the lungs_____________________ covers the lung_____________________ lines the walls of the thoracic cavity4338955151511000Pleural fluid fills the area between layers of pleura to allow gliding5. _____________ (singular: alveolus)Description: Structures made up of __________ _________________ epithelium surrounded by blood capillariesFunction: ________________________________Respiratory membrane – extremely thin membrane that aids in the rapid exchange of gasesGas crosses the respiratory membrane by _________________________ enters the blood___________________ enters the alveoliMacrophages add protection____________________ in alveoli prevents the lung from closing or collapsingIII. Gas Exchange and Transport________________ – process of exchanging gases between the atmosphere and body cells462343514160500A. External RespirationExchange of gases between ______ and __________ in the lungsBlood ______________ the lungs is oxygen-___________ and carbon dioxide-_______________________________________________________The alveoli always has more oxygen than the bloodOxygen moves by diffusion from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration____________________________________________Blood returning from tissues has higher concentrations of carbon dioxide than air in the alveoliPulmonary capillary blood gives up carbon dioxideBlood ______________ the lungs is oxygen-___________ and carbon dioxide-___________B. Internal RespirationExchange of gases between _____________________An ___________________ to what occurs in the lungsCarbon dioxide diffuses out of tissue to bloodOxygen diffuses from blood into tissueC. Gas Transport_________________________ in the bloodInside red blood cells attached to ______________ (oxyhemoglobin [HbO2])4392930-198120000A small amount is dissolved in the plasma_________________________ in the bloodMost is ____________________________ as bicarbonate ion (HCO3–)A small amount is carried inside red blood cells on hemoglobin, but at different binding sites than those of oxygenLearning GoalsDescribe the function of the respiratory system.Describe and give the function of each of the following structures, in order: nasal cavity, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, and pare and contrast external respiration and internal respiration. ................
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