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Chapter 17 The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature Chapter Test

Multiple Choice

Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on

the line provided.

1. Which of the following is an example of climate?

a. A sudden snowstorm resulted in subzero temperatures

and 30 cm of new snow.

b. In southern California, temperatures are generally mild

and rainfall is low.

c. Record-breaking low temperatures caused a sudden

freeze one day in Des Moines.

d. A week of rain caused widespread flooding in Seattle.

2. Most of Earth’s dry air is made up of

a. carbon dioxide and oxygen.

b. nitrogen and argon.

c. nitrogen and oxygen.

d. oxygen and argon.

3. What percentage of water vapor is found in the air?

a. 0 to 1 percent

b. 0 to 4 percent

c. 0 to 8 percent

d. 0 to 10 percent

4. How is ozone produced?

a. One molecule of oxygen is split into two atoms.

b. Two atoms of oxygen combine to form one oxygen

molecule.

c. Two molecules of oxygen are split simultaneously into

four atoms.

d. One atom of oxygen collides with one molecule of

oxygen.

5. In which level of the atmosphere is ozone concentrated?

a. troposphere

b. stratosphere

c. mesosphere

d. thermosphere

6. Seasonal changes occur because of

a. Earth’s tilt.

b. Earth’s shape.

c. the distance between Earth and the moon.

d. the time of year.

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7. Which of the following results when there is a temperature

difference between two objects?

a. One object will always have more heat then the other object.

b. Both objects will gain more and more heat.

c. Heat is transferred from one object to the other.

d. The temperature of both objects increases.

8. The average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in a

particular substance is known as

a. temperature.

b. heat.

c. conduction.

d. convection.

9. Because of convection, the warmest air in a room

a. spreads out in all directions.

b. rises toward the ceiling.

c. transfers heat to the walls.

d. sinks toward the floor.

10. Which of the following is an example of radiation?

a. A metal spoon becomes warm after being set in a pot of

boiling water.

b. Warm water rises because it is less dense than cool water.

c. Pancake batter cooks quickly after being spooned onto a

hot griddle.

d. Our atmosphere is constantly being heated by the sun.

11. According to the electromagnetic spectrum,

a. long-wave radiation occupies a smaller percentage than

short-wave radiation.

b. gamma rays and X-rays have long wavelengths.

c. visible light waves have wavelengths of less than

1 micrometer.

d. ultraviolet light waves have some of the longest

wavelengths.

12. Which of the following is NOT true about radiation?

a. Radiation cannot travel through a vacuum.

b. The hottest radiating bodies produce the shortest wavelengths.

c. All objects emit radiant energy.

d. Objects that absorb radiation well emit radiation equally

as well.

13. The blue color of the sky is the result of

a. conduction.

b. scattering.

c. reflection.

d. absorption.

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14. Which of the following is NOT a factor that controls

temperature?

a. longitude

b. cloud cover

c. ocean currents

d. altitude

15. Vancouver, British Columbia, enjoys a moderate year-round

climate, which is due to

a. the many mountain ranges surrounding the city.

b. its latitude.

c. its relatively high elevation.

d. its close proximity to the Pacific Ocean.

16. The temperature differences seen between Seattle, Washington,

and Spokane, Washington, illustrate the effect of

a. cloud cover.

b. geographic position.

c. altitude.

d. ocean currents.

17. The temperature differences seen between Quito, Ecuador,

and Guayaquil, Ecuador, illustrate the effect of

a. cloud cover.

b. geographic position.

c. altitude.

d. ocean currents.

18. What causes clouds to reflect a portion of sunlight back

to space?

a. the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere

b. evaporation from the land

c. temperature differences between the land and the

atmosphere

d. a characteristic known as albedo

19. Clouds absorb outgoing radiation emitted by Earth and

reradiate a portion of it back to the surface during

a. nighttime.

b. daytime.

c. summer.

d. times of heavy rainfall.

20. Which of the following is a general trend on a world

isothermal map?

a. Temperatures decrease from east to west.

b. Isotherms become wider closer to the poles.

c. There are more isotherms closer to the equator.

d. Temperatures decrease from the tropics toward the poles.

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Completion

Complete each statement on the line provided.

1. The state of the atmosphere at any given time and place is referred

to as .

2. Measurable properties of weather and climate include air

temperature, humidity, type and amount of precipitation,

, and the speed and direction of the wind.

3. On the date of the summer solstice, the

Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun.

4. On the date of the , the sun’s vertical rays

strike the equator.

5. When the particles in a substance move faster, the

increases.

6. During the mechanism of , heat flows from

the higher temperature matter to the lower temperature matter.

7. When heat is transferred through , energy

travels in all directions from its source.

8. A hot-air balloon rises into the sky because of the mechanism of

heat transfer known as .

9. and in Earth’s

atmosphere are the major absorbing gases of the sun’s energy.

10. When solar radiation is , light is dispersed

both forward and backward.

11. Temperature variations are over land than

over water.

12. When comparing temperature variations in the Northern and

Southern Hemispheres, the Hemisphere

shows smaller annual temperature variations.

13. A city located on a(n) coast experiences a

continental temperature pattern.

14. In general, temperatures at high altitudes tend to be

than temperatures at lower altitudes.

15. Clouds that have a high reflect a significant

amount of sunlight that strikes them back to space.

Short Answer

In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.

1. Applying Concepts What purpose does ozone serve in our

atmosphere?

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2. Comparing and Contrasting What are the differences between

primary pollutants and secondary pollutants? Give examples of each.

Use Figure 1 to answer the following three questions.

3. Using Tables and Graphs At what altitude is

the atmospheric pressure about 100 millibars?

4. At what altitude is the atmospheric pressure

about 1000 millibars?

5. What is the relationship between

atmospheric pressure and altitude?

Use Figure 2 to answer the following two questions.

6. Interpreting Graphics About how much of

incoming solar radiation is absorbed by

Earth’s surface and the atmosphere?

7. What happens to the incoming solar

radiation that is not absorbed by Earth’s

surface and the atmosphere?

8. Applying Concepts Describe the troposphere,

its thermal structure, and its position in the

four layers of Earth’s atmosphere.

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Use Figure 3 to answer the following question.

9. Interpreting Graphics Identify the solstices and equinoxes

shown.

10. Comparing and Contrasting Use what you know about

geographic position to explain why temperatures in Eureka,

California, and New York, New York, are different.

Essay

In complete sentences, write the answer to the question on the lines provided.

1. Earth as a System Explain how seasonal changes in Earth’s

atmosphere and surface are affected by Earth’s tilt.

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Figure 3

Figure 2

Figure 1

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