Remote Sensing of the Environment



FOR 274

Forest Measurements and Inventory

Final

December 3rd/4th

Instructions:

IMPORTANT: Every Person must complete question 1.

The best (2) scores from questions 2 to 5 will be recorded.

No cheat sheets allowed – all equations that cannot be easily derived are provided

Calculator recommended.

1. Fundamental Forest Measurements [100 points – Each person must answer this question]

a) Species Information [20 points]:

For each of the tree and shrub species listed below fill out the information:

|Common Name |Scientific Name (1/4 pt ea) |4-Letter Code (3/4 pt ea) |

|Grand fir | | |

| Western red cedar | | |

|lodgepole pine | | |

| Ponderosa pine | | |

|Douglas fir | | |

|Engelmann spruce | | |

| Oceanspray | | |

|Ninebark | | |

| Snowberry | | |

|Serviceberry | | |

b) Plot Size [20 points]:

i. Calculate to the nearest 1/10th foot the radius of a 1/15th acre circular plot

ii. Calculate to the nearest 10 cm the radius of a 1/20 hectare circular plot?

iii. Describe advantages/disadvantages on why you may select a circular or a rectangular plot?

c) Refer to the figures and calculate the total height to the nearest foot [20 points]:

i. You are standing at a horizontal distance of 100 feet. Your percentage scale reads 50 to A and -20 to C.

ii. You are standing at a horizontal distance of 50 feet. Your percentage scale reads 40 to A and –10 to C.

iii. You are standing at a horizontal distance of 66 feet. Your 1/66 scale to A reads + 50 and to C reads –10.

iv. AB is measured as 140 feet and BC as 35 feet.

v. AB is measured as 170 feet and BC is 85 feet.

d) Knowing your DBH Rules [20 points]

For each of these trees draw where on the stem of the tree you would measure DBH.

e) Knowing your Height Rules (10 points)

For each of these trees annotate the total height, crown base height, and estimate the live crown ratio.

For each of these trees annotate the total height, crown base height, and estimate the live crown ratio [20 points].

2. Land Survey and Mapping [50 points]

a) Draw a diagram for each and Describe the following terms [20 points]:

i) Precision:

ii) Accuracy:

iii) Bias:

iv) Basal area

b) Calculate the number of acres and hectares in the following land descriptions [10 points]:

i) S6.

ii) NW ¼ NW ¼ S. 12

iii) S ½ SW ¼ S. 4

c) Complete the following measurements [10 points]:

|a |b |C |A |B |C |

|40 |70 | |80 | | |

|30 | |100 | | |120 |

| |60 |60 |75 | | |

d) John uses a 64 dot per square inch dot grid to determine the area of a fire from a 1 : 7920 scale aerial photo and gets 7.2 in2. How many acres and hectares burned [10 points] ?

3. Log Scaling Rules [50 points]

a) For each of the following logs calculate the Huber’s and Newton’s Volume in cubic feet. [30 points]

Huber’s Volume = B1/2*L Newton’s Volume= (B+4B1/2+b)/6*L

A) Small end diameter = 6.2 in

Midpoint diameter = 7.6 in

Large end diameter = 9.0 in

Length = 16 ft

B) Small end diameter = 24.0 in

Midpoint diameter = 26.4 in

Large end diameter = 28.7 in

Length = 32 ft

C) Small end diameter = 10.5 in

Midpoint diameter = 11.0 in

Large end diameter = 11.6 in

Length = 8 ft

D) Small end diameter =32.0 in

Midpoint diameter = 33.0 in

Large end diameter = 33.5 in

Length = 18 ft

E) Small end diameter = 12.0 in

Midpoint diameter = 12.0 in

Large end diameter = 12.0 in

Length = 8 ft

b) Calculate how much board feet are in each of the logs above (for both types of volume) [20 points]

4. Growth and Yield [50 points]

Site 1 Data:

|Tree # |Species code |DBH (in) |Height |

| | | |(ft) |

|1 |PIPO |20 |112 |

|2 |PIPO |18 |98 |

|3 |PIPO |22 |108 |

|4 |PIPO |18 |102 |

|5 |PIPO |13 |67 |

|6 |PIPO |22 |89 |

|7 |PIPO |13 |65 |

|8 |PIPO |13 |56 |

|9 |PIPO |19 |102 |

|10 |PIPO |14 |64 |

a) In this space draw a bar chart of the DBH and height distributions and state whether the distributions are normal or skewed. NOTE: you will have to select appropriate bin sizes. [10 points]:

b) Calculate the mean, mode, and range of the tree DBH [6 points]:

c) With the aid of a graph show how the DBH and height values are related and discuss under what circumstances it would be appropriate (and not appropriate) for this relationship to be used to predict DBH from a measure of the tree height across the range of tree ages [14 points]?

|  |  |  |

|Trees per acre |2640 |190 |

|Basal Area per Acre |230 |141 |

|Mean Basal Area |0.089 |0.74 |

|Quadratic Mean Diameter |3.99 |11.67 |

|Stand Density Index |992.29 |224 |

a. Based on what you have learned in class describe what you would expect to see at each plot [4 points]?

b. For each of Redwoods, Douglas Fir, or Longleaf Pine describe the level of stocking present at each site and what actions you may do if you were managing that stand

Redwoods [4 point]:

Douglas Fir [4 point]:

Longleaf Pine [4 point]:

Tip: Maximum SDI by Species in natural stands:

Redwood = 1000

Douglas Fir = 595

Longleaf Pine = 400

d) If a tree with a DBH of 8 inches grows with a constant basal-area increment of 0.0345 sq ft per year for 4 years, what will be the diameter at the end of the 4 years? [4 points]

5. Sampling [50 points]

a) State and Describe with the aid of a diagram what THREE requirements that have to be considered when conducting any sampling design [10 points]:

b) State what each of the following statistical symbols represent [12 points]:

X s

μ n

σ N

c) Describe Advantages and Disadvantages with using the Mark Recapture method to estimate the population of Bears in Idaho [8 points]

d) Consider the following data and assume a total N of 200 to calculate the number of plots you would allocate to each class by each allocation method listed in the table [20 points]:

|Class |Area (acres) |Standard Deviation |Equal |Proportional |Optimal |

| | |Board feet / acre | | | |

|1 |40 |55 | | | |

|2 |5 |100 | | | |

|3 |60 |25 | | | |

|4 |14 |70 | | | |

|5 |35 |200 | | | |

|6 |20 |20 | | | |

|7 |6 |50 | | | |

|8 |30 |60 | | | |

|9 |110 |90 | | | |

|10 |80 |20 | | | |

| | | | | | |

Space for Calculations:

-----------------------

4 feet

4.5 feet

5 feet

4.5[pic][?]

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C

A

B

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